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This study aims to find out and analyze the comparison of the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law, community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. This research is a normative judicial research using primary data obtained by conducting interviews, secondary data obtained from information sources in the form of the internet, books and other written notes. This study focuses on discussing the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law and community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. The results of the study show that (1) Children out of wedlock in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage are divided into two, namely legal children and children out of wedlock. The position of illegitimate children in the view of Islamic Law contained in the Compupulation of Islamic Law where an illegitimate child only has a civil or nasab relationship with his mother and his mother's family. (2) The attitude of the community towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency is known that the cause of children out of wedlock is due to religious differences, irresponsible couples and underage factors.

Background: The National Health Insurance Program helps patients pay for medical expenses and provides financial protection against unexpected health risks. INA-CBG system is used for healthcare payments, where the payment is determined based on type of disease the patient has. However, the rates set by INA-CBG are lower than hospital rates, causing financial losses and affecting the quality of service. Purpose: This research aims to compare rates to maintain hospital financial balance and fair access to services. Method: This study uses comparative quantitative research method with cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Sukapura. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, with a sample of 374 claim data for type II diabetes mellitus patients from October to December 2023. Data were taken from Zi-Care system, which has been bridged with INA-CBG. The data collection tool used was a checklist. The analysis techniques included univariate and bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: The research results show that the total hospital cost is Rp265,805,506, with the highest value being Rp2,746,407 and the lowest value being Rp161,000. The total INA-CBG cost is Rp73,341,400. P-value of 0.0001 indicates a significant difference between both variables. Conclusion: The difference in rates resulted in the hospital experiencing a loss of IDR 192,464,106. Hospitals need to refer drug collection to external pharmacies, and BPJS must evaluate INA-CBG rates to match hospital expenditure to prevent losses.

Abstract. The United States has a written constitutional system in the form of a republic with clear boundaries of power between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. In contrast, the United Kingdom has an unwritten constitution based on various sources, such as statutes, conventions, and court decisions, with a constitutional monarchy and parliament playing key roles. Second, the state upholds civil rights and individual freedoms, and has an impact on the political and legal systems for the implementation of human rights. Through a comparative approach, this article provides further understanding of the differences and similarities between the constitutions and systems of government of the two countries in upholding the principles of democracy and human rights, and the consequences of these differences on national and international politics.

One of the crucial components in human resource management is a fair and appropriate compensation system. This research analyzes the compensation system at UKM XYZ in Bogor Regency using the Overlapping method. Analysis methods include descriptive analysis, job analysis, given system method analysis, and salary mapping analysis with the Overlapping method. The results showed that the initial salary of UKM XYZ was not ideal because the mid-to-mid value comparison was still greater than the spread value. After revamping with the Overlapping method, a new compensation structure was obtained with an increase in operating costs of 6.75%. A competitive and fair compensation system is expected to improve employee motivation, productivity, and performance as well as the competitiveness of UKM XYZ in the industry. This research provides recommendations for UKM XYZ to implement a new compensation system based on the Overlapping method to meet the needs of the company and employees.

This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.

The healthcare industry is increasingly relying on medical textiles, particularly single-use items such as surgical gowns, masks, and drapes, to maintain hygiene and prevent infections. However, the widespread use of these single-use textiles raises significant environmental and health concerns. These items are primarily made from non-biodegradable materials, contributing to large volumes of waste and environmental pollution. The production and disposal of single-use textiles also generate carbon emissions, further exacerbating climate change. In response to these challenges, reusable medical textiles have emerged as a more sustainable alternative. Reusable textiles offer several environmental benefits, including reduced resource consumption, lower carbon emissions, and decreased waste generation. Additionally, reusable textiles can improve occupational health by reducing healthcare workers' exposure to harmful chemicals and irritants found in single-use textiles. This study compares the environmental impact and occupational health risks associated with reusable and single-use medical textiles, focusing on factors such as carbon footprint, waste generation, and chemical exposure. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies were employed to quantify the environmental impacts, while workplace exposure measurements assessed the health risks to healthcare workers. The results indicate that reusable textiles significantly reduce carbon emissions and waste compared to single-use textiles. Furthermore, reusable textiles were associated with lower levels of chemical exposure for healthcare workers. The study concludes with recommendations for healthcare systems to adopt reusable textiles to reduce environmental and health risks, while also suggesting areas for future research on sustainable textile innovations and the integration of reusable systems in healthcare facilities.

This study was motivated by the low understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi. Based on the results of the documentation study, the percentage of students with daily test scores below the 55 criterion ranged from 50% to 81%. Observations and interviews revealed that learning was still dominated by teachers, while students were less active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the significant effect of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This experimental study used the Static Group Comparison Design. The population of the study was class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi in the 2021/2022 academic year consisting of 127 students from 4 classes. The sample was taken randomly, with class VIII1 as the experimental class and VIII2 as the control class. The research instrument was a mathematical concept understanding test. The results of data analysis using the t-test showed a calculated t value > t table (3.269 > 1.67) at a significance level of 0.05. From SPSS, a significant value of 0.02 <0.05 was obtained so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the NHT learning model on the understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi.    

This study aims to compare Indonesian and Malay in terms of phonology, with the cartoon series “Omar and Hana” as the research subject. Judging from the existing reality, Indonesian and Malay are two cognate languages that have many similarities, both in terms of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. However, Indonesian and Malay also have differences, especially in terms of phonology. Therefore, this research tries to dig deeper into the comparison of phonology between Indonesian and Malay. The method used is descriptive qualitative with free listening and spoken involvement techniques and using writing techniques in data collection. The researcher found phonetic elements in Malay that aired on one of the themes in episode one, namely family themes. It was found that these two languages have almost similar functions of duration, stress, tone and stop in the pronunciation of vocabulary. However, there are differences, such as the sengau sound which is more distinctive in Malay. In addition, there is a change of vowel 'a' to 'ə' in some existing words that have the same meaning and arrangement pattern. This results in the existence of vocabulary whose sentences are different but the meaning is the same between Indonesian and the discovery of similar words but different meanings.

This article explores people's right to voice their thoughts on social media and the related legal implications. Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right recognized in many constitutions and human rights laws around the world. In the digital era, social media has become the primary platform where individuals can voice opinions, share information, and engage in public discussions. This article reviews important aspects, such as the legal framework that protects the right to free speech on social media, the limitations that can be imposed by law, and issues related to privacy, insults, or the spread of false information. Additionally, this article also considers the role of social media companies in managing content and the right to enforce their community guidelines. During the exploration, this article provides a comparison of laws and regulations in various countries, as well as changes in practices and policies on social media that influence the way people voice their thoughts. In addition, this article highlights the important role of people's right to voice their thoughts in shaping public opinion, contributing to social issues, and strengthening democracy.

This study examines pitch variations in English sentences spoken by two non-native children from Ethiopia and Somalia, using. The research focuses on declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentence types, analyzing pitch frequency across these sentence forms. The participants were a 5-year-old Ethiopian boy and a 9-year-old Somalian boy, were recorded, and their pitch data were analyzed for beginning, highest, lowest, and final frequencies. The results indicate that the Somalian boy exhibited greater pitch variation, particularly in declarative sentences, while the Ethiopian boy demonstrated more consistency. In imperative sentences, the Ethiopian boy showed slightly wider variation, while in interrogative sentences, the Somalian boy ended with a higher pitch. The differences in pitch usage suggest influences from age, language background, and individual speaking habits. This research contributes to understanding pitch use in young multilingual English learners and their linguistic development.

The Quran is the word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through the angel Gabriel to serve as a guide for humanity. All human beings are required to believe in and study the Quran, one of the methods being Iqra. The Iqra method emphasizes fluent reading without spelling. This method was first taught by K.H. As’ad Humam in 1983. It is based on a child-centered approach, providing students with ample opportunities to develop optimally according to their abilities.This study will discuss the definition of the Iqra method, its history, advantages and disadvantages, as well as a comparison with other methods of Quran study, in order to identify the most effective way to learn the Quran. With this method, children can read the Quran properly according to the rules of Tajwid, including aspects such as makhraj al-huruf, mad, idgham, and other reading laws.

Delivery using the caesarean section method is one of the JKN-KIS services which has experienced a significant increase in cases from year to year at Graha Sehat Probolinggo Hospital. The general tariff applied by the hospital is IDR 10,800,000, which is 206.15%, far above the INA CBGs tariff of IDR 5,238,800, making the hospital feel the need to carry out descriptive quantitative research using the ABC method and DD method. Then the unit cost results of the ABC method are compared with the INA-CBGs rates. The results of this research show that the unit cost of the ABC method is IDR 5,484,214, which is IDR 245,414 (4.68%) greater than the INA-CBGs tariff. The potential efficiency that can be achieved results in savings of IDR 665,295 so it is hoped that the unit cost of the ABC method will be IDR 4,818,919. IDR 419,881 (8.01%) smaller than the INA-CBGs tariff. The conclusion is that there is a negative difference between the unit costs of the ABC method and the DD method and the INA CBGs rates. Hospitals should submit a tariff review to BPJS, including a review of the provision of separate tariffs for baby handling costs. Apart from that, hospitals also need to make efficiencies by reducing length of stay, reviewing medical services, efficiency in laundry units and CSSD, speeding up RME, as well as efficiency in several other resources while still prioritizing patient safety

Image classification is widely used in everyday life such as in car steering, closed-circuit television (CCTV), traffic cameras, etc. The implementation of image classification can be done using several methods, including neural network and support vector machine models. The neural network method is able to find the right weights that allow the network to show the desired behaviour while the support vector machine method has many dimensions and can overcome linear and non-linear data. In this research, feature extraction was carried out using VGG16 to increase accuracy. This research aims to find out how to implement the neural network and SVM algorithms to classify images and determine the results of analyzing the performance of the two methods. The data used in this study is secondary data consisting of 10 types of large wild cats with a total of 2339 training image datasets and 50 testing image datasets. The research stages consist of data augmentation, model design, model training, and model evaluation. Classification with the neural network model produced an accuracy of 96% and the support vector machine model produced an accuracy of 96%, which means that in a consistent training environment, the two models have the same performance.

Indonesian people widely consume tomato sauce as a condiment or food seasoning. The natural thickening agent commonly used in tomato sauce is starch, generally based on tapioca or cornstarch. The use of breadfruit starch as a thickener is rarely studied and needs to be researched scientifically. This research aimed to evaluate the role of breadfruit starch as a thickener in tomato sauce. This research began with extracting breadfruit starch through wet milling and continued with making tomato sauce based on breadfruit starch. The concentration of breadfruit starch was varied in 3 levels, namely 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Commercial tomato sauce was also evaluated and used as a comparison. Viscosity, color, and organoleptic analyses were conducted on tomato sauce products. The results showed that tomato sauce based on 1.5% breadfruit starch had a higher viscosity (3220.5 cP) than the addition of 0.5% (572 cP) and 1% (1093.5 cP) starch, but it was still much lower than the viscosity of commercial tomato sauce (6922.5 cP). In terms of color, breadfruit starch-based tomato sauce is not much different from commercial tomato sauce in terms of brightness (L: 32-35), redness (a: 9-11), and yellowness (b: 10-15). After organoleptic analysis, the panelists rated the breadfruit starch-based tomato sauce as mediocre (average score 3), compared to the commercial tomato sauce, which the panelists preferred (score 4). These findings indicate that breadfruit starch has potential as a thickener for tomato sauce because it can resemble the quality of tomato sauce in terms of color. However, the concentration of added breadfruit starch still needs to be increased to increase the thickness of the tomato sauce and its acceptance by consumers.

Hair stylists in using curly iron are still not varied, students still use flat iron rather than curly iron for hair styling. The purpose of this research is to determine the comparison of the results and curl durability of curls using a 25 mm diameter curling iron and a 38 mm diameter curly iron for Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling. This research uses pre-experimental research methods. The sample in this research was 6 Cosmetology and Beauty students class of 2020. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques uses descriptive analysis, prerequisite tests, namely normality tests and homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of research from the comparison of Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling showed that the results of the curl shape using 25 mm and 38 mm diameter curly iron were considered quite neat, and from the aspect of curl durability or hair waves were considered resistand using a 25 mm diameter curly iron. And there is a significant difference in Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling using a 25 mm diameter curly iron with a 38 mm  diameter which is proven by the significance value obtained of 0,000. This research can be used as education abaout the use of curling tools with different diameters, and it is recommended to use a 25 mm diameter curly iron for styling Hollywood Wave hair because the waves are more “S” shaped.

This article discusses a comparative study of the concept of divinity between Erastus Sabdono and Jehovah's Witnesses, focusing on the concept of the oneness of God. Through qualitative methods and literature analysis, this study examines Erastus Sabdono's view that emphasizes God as one undivided person, and positions Jesus as the manifestation of God's will, and the Holy Spirit as divine power. In contrast, the Jehovah's Witnesses teach Jehovah as the one God, Jesus as a created being and the Son of God, and the Holy Spirit as the power of God. This comparison reveals similarities in the emphasis of God's oneness and differences in the understanding of the relationship between God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. The theological and practical implications of these views are analyzed to understand their impact on teachings and worship. This article aims to provide an in-depth insight into the differences and similarities in Christian monotheism.

The large number of hospitals in Sukoharjo City makes the people of Sukoharjo City have many choices to determine where they will use health services. The community is very selective about services in hospitals, so that aspects in the Marketing Mix become a benchmark for determining whether or not patients will use health services at the hospital. Marketing Mix is ​​a series of marketing tools used by companies or hospitals continuously to achieve their marketing goals in the target market. This study aims to explore and find obstacles in the implementation of the marketing mix at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Sukoharjo. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach and data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with key informants and specialist informants at the hospital. The results of the study showed that marketing mix components such as products, people, and promotions have been implemented well, although there are still some challenges. Excellent services such as ERACS and stitch-free eye surgery have succeeded in attracting patient interest, but promotion through social media has not been optimal, based on a comparison between the number of patients each month and interactions on social media, it was concluded that social media promotion is still not optimal because the number of interactions is still ≥50% of the number of patients. In addition, hospitals face obstacles in implementing telemedicine and homecare services. Recommendations provided include improving digital promotion strategies and developing innovative services to improve hospital competitiveness and hospitals must also consider the suitability between educational background and the work assigned.

Background: The elderly are vulnerable to chronic diseases and musculoskeletal issues, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by pain in the joints and extremities. This disease can lead to persistent pain, fatigue, and an increased risk of injury. One effective non-pharmacological therapy for reducing joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is rheumatic exercise, which focuses on maintaining range of motion and physical health. Objective: The objective of this research is to describe the comparison of the final results between two respondents before and after the application of rheumatic exercises. Method: This research uses a case study approach with a descriptive method. Descriptive research aims to present or describe the events observed in society. The application of rheumatic exercises was carried out for 4 weeks with a frequency of once a week for 8 minutes. Result: From this study, a decrease in pain levels was found in both respondents, with N. Y's pain level dropping from 5 to 1 and Ny. Y's from 6 to 2. Conclusion: Rheumatic exercise therapy can reduce pain levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (RA).

It has been demonstrated that using computers greatly improves our ability to perform our duties. Information services are vital because, while employee performance may still be predicted manually, the process takes a long time. Data mining technologies, on the other hand, make it easier to anticipate employee success for loyal employees. Employee performance evaluation criteria are necessary in order to increase the accuracy of the assessment results, as Toko Merpati Simpang's employee performance assessments cannot be conducted carelessly. Employee performance has to be analyzed and categorized because up until now, manual employee performance evaluations have only used subjective criteria. The C4.5 Algorithm data mining approach is used in this evaluation of employee performance. The degree of accuracy will be ascertained by comparing these two approaches. Positive and negative emotions are the two categories of sentiment. The aim of this study is to ascertain the degree of accuracy of the comparison between the two tested techniques and to offer information on the quality of one of Toko Merpati Simpang's employee performance assessments using visitor sentiment. The test results will be evaluated using the Rapidminer tool to demonstrate the degree of accuracy for both testing approaches.   Keywords: , 

Medical record data can be used as a benchmark and comparison in the health business to ascertain the rate at which a disease is developing in a given area. It would be beneficial, though, if this data could be transformed into useful information, like illness forecasts. Infectious diseases like malaria are common in tropical and subtropical regions. West Sumba Regency is the region with the highest number of malaria cases, and this figure rises year. Of the different Puskesmas labor locations, Lolo Wano Health Center has the largest number of positive cases of malaria. In order to apply information system technology and prevent malaria early, research was done at the Lolo Wano Community Health Center to predict malaria using the Naïve Bayes approach. This is because the Community Health Center does not currently have a malaria prediction system. Six of the 16 features in the patient dataset—a total of 27 patient data—were malaria symptoms. When there are suitable illness indicators, positive predictions are produced using the outcomes of Naïve Bayes computations. Before the patient proceeds with a direct medical evaluation, these anticipated results may be utilized as a provisional approximation. Naïve Bayes, Center, Prediction, Malaria