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This community service program aims to develop an empowerment model for Etawa goat milk micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Kepuh Klagen Village, Wringinanom District, Gresik Regency through an Islamic Social Entrepreneurship (ISE) approach. Kepuh Klagen Village has significant economic potential in Etawa goat farming; however, MSME actors face several challenges, including limited halal-thayyib-based production capacity, low literacy in Islamic business management and finance, weak branding and marketing strategies, and the absence of sustainable collaboration among farmers. This program employed a participatory approach through mentoring, training, and capacity building activities. The implementation stages included identifying potentials and problems, providing training on Islamic Social Entrepreneurship values and Islamic business ethics, improving production quality based on halal-thayyib standards, strengthening Islamic financial management practices, and developing digital marketing capabilities. The results indicate an increase in MSME actors’ understanding of Islamic social entrepreneurship, improvements in production hygiene and product quality, and the emergence of collaborative awareness among Etawa goat milk entrepreneurs. The ISE approach proved effective not only in enhancing economic value but also in strengthening social responsibility, spiritual values, and business sustainability. This empowerment model is expected to be replicable for other local commodity-based MSMEs in rural areas.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study aims to describe the implementation of ecobrick activities as an environmentally friendly initiative and as a strategy to enhance fine motor development in early childhood aged 4-6 years in Jatirejo Village, Pasuruan Regency. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using observation, interviews, documentation, and hands-on ecobrick practice. The findings indicate that the ecobrick process-which includes collecting plastic waste, washing, drying, cutting, inserting plastic pieces into bottles, and compressing the contents-effectively improves children’s fine motor skills, particularly in hand-eye coordination, finger strength, accuracy, and cutting ability. Children demonstrated positive responses, including high enthusiasm, curiosity, and increased awareness of environmental preservation. The activity also strengthened children’s social development through cooperation, communication, and shared responsibility. Overall, ecobrick activities function not only as an innovative waste-management solution but also as an educational medium that holistically supports child development and instills environmental awareness from an early age.

Digital transformation has significantly reshaped human resource management (HRM) through the adoption of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, e-learning platforms, and remote work technologies. Although these innovations improve efficiency and decision-making, they also generate ethical challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and employee monitoring. This article examines the role of professional ethics in HRM within the context of digital transformation, highlighting both emerging challenges and potential opportunities. This study employs a conceptual research approach supported by a comprehensive literature review of scholarly works on HRM, professional ethics, and digitalization. The analysis focuses on core ethical principles such as integrity, fairness, responsibility, professionalism, and confidentiality, and evaluates their implementation in digital HR practices. The findings indicate that unethical use of digital technologies may lead to discrimination, reduced employee trust, and violations of individual rights, particularly through biased AI-based recruitment systems and opaque performance evaluation mechanisms. However, digital transformation also offers opportunities to strengthen ethical HR governance. The use of ethical data management, algorithmic audits, digital transparency, and e-learning-based ethics training can enhance accountability and fairness in HR processes. The study concludes that integrating professional ethics with digital HRM is essential for developing human-centered, sustainable, and trustworthy organizations in the digital era.

This study examines the influence of work discipline, training, and motivation on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Ayu, Tegal Regency. In a public service organization such as PDAM, employee performance is crucial to ensure customer satisfaction and strengthen institutional competitiveness. A quantitative survey method was used with questionnaires distributed to all 115 employees using a saturated sampling technique, as the entire population was included. The independent variables analyzed were work discipline (attitude, compliance with rules, responsibility), training (materials, methods, instructor competence, duration, facilities), and motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic). Employee performance, as the dependent variable, was measured using indicators of work quality, work quantity, teamwork, and problem-solving ability. The data were processed through multiple linear regression to assess simultaneous and partial effects. The research findings revealed that work discipline, training, and motivation each have a positive and significant impact on employee performance, but for training has a positive and insignificant effect, this is shown by the significant results of each significant level for work discipline sig value = 0.000 (<0.05), training sig value = 0.632 (>0.05) and motivation with sig value = 0.000 (<0.05). These results highlight the importance of strengthening employee discipline, implementing well-structured and sustainable training programs, and fostering sustainable motivation strategies. This research provides practical implications for PDAM Tirta Ayu management in designing policies to improve overall employee performance, thereby improving service quality and organizational competitiveness.  

The informal institution of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) in the rice farming community in Bhera Village, Mego District, Sikka Regency, remains the main foundation of social solidarity and the sustainability of agricultural activities even though modernization and the use of labor have begun to shift traditional values. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the role, form, and meaning of mutual cooperation in agricultural practices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies of rice farmers who are active in mutual cooperation activities. Data analysis was carried out through reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results show that mutual cooperation is manifested in every stage of farming, from uprooting seedlings, planting (planting), clearing weeds, to harvesting, which is carried out voluntarily and in turns through the Irutan Tradition system. This institution functions as a collective work mechanism that reduces production costs, overcomes labor shortages, and strengthens social ties between farmers. Beyond its economic function, mutual cooperation has profound social and cultural significance as a symbol of brotherhood, togetherness, and collective responsibility in maintaining the sustainability of local wisdom and the resilience of farming communities amidst social and technological change.

The homicide arising from the victim’s refusal to terminate her pregnancy presents a crucial issue regarding how the element of intent is constructed within Indonesian criminal law. This study originates from the need to examine the extent to which the offender’s motive triggered by anger after the victim declined his request for an abortion may influence the classification of dolus in the act of killing. The objective of this research is to describe the characteristics of intent in the perpetrator’s actions, determine whether the incident meets the criteria of dolus directus, dolus indirectus, or dolus eventualis, and assess the role of motive in shaping criminal liability. The method employed is normative legal research using a case approach and a statute approach, supported by the analysis of comparable court decisions and criminal law doctrines concerning the element of intent. The research findings indicate that the perpetrator’s deliberate assault on the victim after she rejected the request to terminate the pregnancy can be categorized as dolus directus, as he both realized and desired the lethal outcome of his conduct as an expression of anger. The motive related to the refusal of pregnancy responsibility does not negate intent; rather, it merely serves as a trigger for the criminal act. Thus, the element of intent in this case can be firmly constructed through an assessment of the perpetrator’s will, awareness, and conduct, thereby ensuring the accurate application of homicide provisions and providing legal certainty regarding the limits of criminal liability in pregnancy-related conflicts.

This study aims to understand how accounting functions as a social construction in shaping the meaning of transparency and responsibility in the modern business world. Accounting has long been viewed as a technical, neutral, and objective system; however, both financial and non-financial reporting practices also reflect the values, ideologies, and moral consciousness embedded within organizations. Using a qualitative interpretive approach within the framework of social constructivism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), this study explores the meanings constructed by accounting practitioners through social interactions, organizational culture, and reporting policies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis of corporate reports, and were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. The results reveal that transparency and responsibility are not merely formal obligations but the outcomes of social processes involving the externalization of values by leaders, the objectivation of those values through reporting systems, and their internalization within individual moral awareness. In this context, accounting functions as a social language that reflects organizational morality, legitimacy, and identity. Organizations with participatory and reflective cultures are found to develop more authentic transparency, while bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic transparency. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of critical accounting by asserting that accounting numbers and reports are socially constructed artifacts imbued with values. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of ethical leadership, reflective culture, and social dialogue as foundational elements for implementing authentic transparency and sustainable corporate responsibility.

The development of electronic commerce through marketplace platforms presents new challenges in civil law enforcement, particularly concerning the platform's liability for the circulation of counterfeit goods. This study aims to analyze Shopee's legal responsibility as a provider of electronic transaction services regarding the sale of counterfeit goods, based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Unlawful Acts and its relation to consumer protection principles as regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and literature study, including provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. The research findings indicate that although Shopee does not act as a direct seller, the platform still has a legal obligation to provide a reliable, secure, and responsible electronic system. Negligence in verifying sellers and monitoring products has the potential to fulfill the elements of unlawful acts, particularly the elements of fault and causal relationship with consumer losses. This study emphasizes that Shopee qualifies as a business actor in the context of consumer protection, thereby bearing both preventive and repressive responsibilities to ensure transaction security and prevent the circulation of counterfeit goods on its platform.

In social life, buying and selling are fundamental mechanisms for transferring rights, beginning with an agreement. According to Articles 1313 and 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code, agreements are legally binding acts with the force of law for the parties involved. One high-value transaction is the sale and purchase of apartment units, which involves developers as sellers. In practice, developers often fail to deliver units within the agreed timeframe. This study examines (1) the developer’s responsibility toward buyers when units are not delivered and (2) the legal protection available for buyers under such circumstances. The research applies Hans Kelsen’s Theory of Responsibility and Satjipto Rahardjo’s Theory of Legal Protection, using a normative juridical method based on library research. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed through statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, employing grammatical and systematic interpretation, legal analogy, and legal refinement. Findings reveal that developers are primarily responsible for delivering fully paid units. Failure to fulfill this obligation, due to breach of contract or negligence, triggers legal liability in the form of performance or compensation. Legal protection for buyers ensures their rights are safeguarded, and even in cases of developer negligence or bankruptcy, consumers are legally entitled to receive the apartment units they have purchased.

Raining activities on making ketupat weaving for adolescents are important to implement as an effort to preserve Indonesia’s local cultural heritage. Ketupat weaving is a traditional skill that contains cultural, social, and philosophical values, which are at risk of fading among younger generations. This community service program was specifically designed for adolescents with the aim of providing hands-on experience and practical skills in traditional ketupat weaving. The training was conducted through several stages, including preparation, direct practice, guidance, and evaluation. Participants were actively involved in the entire process, starting from selecting materials, learning basic weaving techniques, to completing the final woven ketupat forms. The results of the activity indicate positive outcomes, including the improvement of participants’ traditional crafting skills, increased awareness of cultural values embedded in ketupat weaving, and strengthened social interaction among adolescents. In addition, the training contributed to fostering a sense of cultural pride and responsibility in preserving local traditions. Overall, this community service activity demonstrates that practical and participatory cultural training can serve as an effective medium for cultural transmission, character development, and social engagement among adolescents, while supporting the sustainability of local cultural heritage in the modern era.

Spirituality is a fundamental foundation of congregational faith life that directly influences character formation and daily behavior. However, social, cultural, and technological changes in the modern era have contributed to the weakening of congregational spirituality, including within the GKSI Sungai Maram congregation in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. This condition is reflected in faith practices that tend to be routine and have not yet fostered holistic Christlike character. This community service program aimed to revitalize congregational spirituality as an effort to strengthen character formation and faith through a contextual and participatory approach. The program was implemented through pastoral mentoring, reflective group discussions, prayer fellowships, and community-based faith development activities involving church leaders and congregants. The implementation methods included initial observation of congregational conditions, interviews with church leaders and members, and community reflection as an evaluation tool. The results of the program indicate increased spiritual awareness among congregants, reflected in the strengthening of Christian character values such as love, integrity, responsibility, and social concern, as well as improved relational quality within the congregation. In addition, the program encouraged the establishment of sustainable shared spiritual practices as an integral part of church life. Therefore, contextual and sustainable spiritual revitalization through community service activities serves as an effective strategy for building a congregation that is mature in faith, strong in character, and socially impactful.

This study aims to describe the process and results of the implementation of the teaching module "My Responsibility as a Child of God" in Christian Religious Education and Character Education learning in grade IV of SDN 1 Kereng Bangkirai Palangka Raya. This module was developed to instill the value of responsibility as a Christian character in students through active learning activities that include discussions, Responsible Action Challenge games, and the preparation of personal commitments. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with 10 students as subjects. Data were obtained through observation, cognitive, affective, psychomotor assessments, and documentation during the learning process. The results showed that students were able to understand the concept of responsibility biblically through the story of Joseph in Genesis 37–50, and showed increased enthusiasm, cooperation, and courage in expressing opinions. The personal commitment products produced by students showed that most students were able to formulate concrete actions as a form of implementation of responsibility in everyday life. Obstacles found were variations in students' ability to focus and differences in the speed of students in understanding instructions, but these could be overcome through more intensive guidance and direction.  

This study aims to implement the Christian Religious Education and Character Education (PAK) teaching module in grade V of SDN 1 Sabaru, Palangka Raya, with a focus on the topic “Jesus Was Crucified, Died, and Risen for Me.” The learning process is designed to support students’ spiritual and character development through an interactive and project-based approach. Teaching methods include group discussions, the use of miniature media as visual learning aids, collaborative activities, and guided reflection on Christian values relevant to students’ daily experiences. The results of classroom observations show that most students are active, enthusiastic, and involved in the learning process, able to understand the theological meaning of the crucifixion, death, and resurrection of Jesus, and apply the values of love, gratitude, and responsibility in everyday life. Obstacles found include a lack of self-confidence in some students and less optimal group dynamics during activities. These findings serve as important evaluation materials for improving the effectiveness of future learning implementation

This study examines how integrating local ecological wisdom and eco-literacy education fosters environmental awareness, behavioral transformation, and health outcomes among Indonesian primary school students. The research responds to the ecological paradox of rapid technological growth amid worsening environmental degradation, where youth eco-literacy remains below 45%, indicating a gap between environmental knowledge and sustainable action. The study aims to develop a culturally responsive model of sustainability education that connects environmental ethics, cultural identity, and public health. Using a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at SD Islam Kreatif Mutiara Anak Sholeh, Sidoarjo, East Java, from July to August 2025, involving 60 students and six teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. Four major themes emerged: (1) cultural narratives as catalysts for environmental awareness, (2) eco-literacy as experiential and behavioral transformation, (3) collaborative learning as collective environmental agency, and (4) eco-health as psychosocial and physical well-being. Findings show that integrating Majapahit-era ecological values and local storytelling into eco-brick and composting projects enhanced students’ responsibility, cooperation, and emotional balance. The study synthesizes Eco-pedagogy, Constructivism, and Eco-health frameworks into a Culturally Responsive Eco-Health Pedagogy, demonstrating that sustainability learning rooted in culture and participation promotes both environmental and health outcomes. This model contributes to the global Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) 2030 agenda by linking culture, ecology, and well-being in primary education.

The RIGEM community service program was carried out with the aim of strengthening character education for early childhood through the use of children’s songs in TK B. The background of this activity stems from concerns about the increasing exposure of children to adult songs and content, which may influence their behavior and moral values. Children’s songs were chosen as the main medium because they have simple melodies, easy-to-remember lyrics, and contain positive values that can stimulate children's cognitive, affective, and social development. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product) to assess the effectiveness of the program. Data were collected through observations, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of activities. The results show that the children’s songs introduced particularly those containing messages about politeness, cooperation, and responsibility were effective in improving children's understanding of moral values and encouraging positive behavioral changes. Children became more accustomed to using polite expressions, showing empathy, and cooperating during classroom activities. Teachers and parents played an important role in reinforcing these habits both at school and at home. Overall, the RIGEM program proved to be an effective, enjoyable, contextual, and easily implemented effort to foster character development in early childhood education.

The RIGEM community service program was carried out with the aim of strengthening character education for early childhood through the use of children’s songs in TK B. The background of this activity stems from concerns about the increasing exposure of children to adult songs and content, which may influence their behavior and moral values. Children’s songs were chosen as the main medium because they have simple melodies, easy-to-remember lyrics, and contain positive values that can stimulate children's cognitive, affective, and social development. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product) to assess the effectiveness of the program. Data were collected through observations, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of activities. The results show that the children’s songs introduced particularly those containing messages about politeness, cooperation, and responsibility were effective in improving children's understanding of moral values and encouraging positive behavioral changes. Children became more accustomed to using polite expressions, showing empathy, and cooperating during classroom activities. Teachers and parents played an important role in reinforcing these habits both at school and at home. Overall, the RIGEM program proved to be an effective, enjoyable, contextual, and easily implemented effort to foster character development in early childhood education.

This study aims to explore the philosophy of Islamic education grounded in tolerance by revisiting the influential ideas of Gus Dur and assessing their significance for the younger generation in contemporary society. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and thematic interpretation, the research highlights that values such as tolerance, humanism, intellectual freedom, and respect for diversity are essential foundations for shaping modern Islamic education. The findings indicate that incorporating these principles into educational curricula not only enriches the learning experience but also strengthens inclusive and participatory teaching practices, fostering an environment that encourages open dialogue, mutual understanding, and moderation. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that systematic integration of Gus Dur’s educational philosophy can contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking, ethical awareness, and social responsibility, ensuring that Islamic education remains relevant and responsive to contemporary societal challenges. Overall, the research concludes that implementing these values consistently is crucial for advancing a modern, tolerant, and pluralistic approach to Islamic education that benefits both individuals and society as a whole.

This study examines the bioethical and Sharia dilemmas arising from the production of slaughter-free meat through animal cell culture as a modern food innovation. Concerns regarding the halal status of the cell source, the use of culture media such as Foetal Bovine Serum, and ethical issues related to animal welfare necessitate an in-depth analysis of the halal status and moral implications of this technology. The research method employs a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing journals, books, and contemporary fatwas related to cultured meat, bioethics, and Islamic law. The results indicate that the Sharia aspect heavily depends on the cell source, the medium used, and the culture process, while the bioethical perspective highlights animal welfare, scientific transparency, and the moral responsibility of researchers. Furthermore, the acceptance among Muslim communities is significantly influenced by trust in halal certification bodies and the availability of transparent information. This study affirms the need for biotechnology-based halal standardization and the development of fully halal media and supporting materials to ensure the widespread acceptance of cultured meat in the future.