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Anesthesia is an act of relieving pain when performing surgery and various other procedures that cause pain in the body. Anesthesia procedures include pre-anesthesia, intra-anesthesia and post-anesthesia. Nephrolithiasis is very common, causing immense pain and incurring huge economic costs. It is known that nephrolithiasis can cause post-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) through obstruction of urine flow, which is often associated with rapid decline in renal function. Nephrolithiasis can be treated by pharmacologic means, laser treatment as well as radiologic stone crushing with the help of electromagnetic waves, and surgery (4). In surgical procedures such as open kidney general anesthesia is more recommended than regional anesthesia because the position of the patient can cause the patient to feel uncomfortable and pain arises from diaphragmatic stimulation.

Pain is one of the main problems often experienced by patients during treatment in hospitals, including in the Zam-Zam 1 Ward of Sultan Hadlirin Hospital, Jepara. High levels of pain can affect comfort, quality of rest, and slow the patient's healing process. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to help reduce pain, one of which is music therapy, which works through distraction and relaxation mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing pain levels in patients in the Zam-Zam 1 Ward of Sultan Hadlirin Hospital, Jepara. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach without a control group. The study sample consisted of 47 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure the patient's pain levels before and after the intervention. The music therapy process was carried out by playing relaxation music for a certain period according to the research procedure. Data analysis was carried out using a paired t-test to determine the difference in pain levels before and after music therapy. The results showed an average decrease in pain levels of 1.79 with a standard deviation of 1.05. The t-test results yielded a t-value of 9.017 with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pain levels before and after the intervention. These findings demonstrate that music therapy is effective in reducing pain perception in hospitalized patients. In conclusion, music therapy can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological intervention that is easily implemented by healthcare professionals to improve patient comfort and quality of care in hospitals.  

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation in the joints, causing pain, swelling, and limited movement. Heat therapy is one of the effective methods to relieve RA symptoms because it can improve blood circulation, relax muscles, and reduce joint stiffness. This study designed and analyzed an Arduino IDE-based rheumatic therapy device with two main features: a waist heater using a DC Heater and a back electrostimulator through the L298N module. The device has three operating modes (Low, Medium, High) that regulate the pulse delay to adjust the patient's comfort. An input temperature of 50°C is programmed to provide optimal warmth. The measurement results showed that the output voltage of the power supply was 4.51 V with an error of 9%, the microcontroller input was 4.98 V with an error of 0.4%, the output of the L298N driver was 23.9 V, and the input of the DC Heater was 4.98 V with an error of 0.4%. All values are within safe tolerance limits. The 15- and 25-minute temperature stability tests show a small difference between the temperature of the appliance and the thermocouple, indicating stable and accurate appliance performance. Based on the results of technical analysis and temperature testing, this rheumatic therapy tool is considered suitable for use as an alternative to non-pharmacological therapy for RA patients.

Introduction: Cocoa farmers are prone to experiencing neck muscle pain due to repetitive physical activities with prolonged duration. Neck muscle pain can reduce productivity and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers in Candikusuma Village. Methods: This research used a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a total of 62 respondents. The static stretching exercise intervention was conducted for 1 week with a frequency of 2 sessions and a duration of 30 minutes per session. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, resulting in a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating a significant effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers. Discussion: Static stretching exercises can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce neck muscle pain in the cocoa farmer population.    

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders encountered in the work environment and is categorized as a disease caused by work activities. Methods: This study used health promotion counseling method on stretching exercise for low back pain (LBP). The counseling was held on March 15, 2025 at Bening's Clinic Pamekasan which is located on Jl. Trunojoyo no. 325-327, Pocok, Laden, Kec. Pamekasan, Pamekasan Regency, East Java. A total of 21 workers participated in this counseling. The promotional media used in this activity was a leaflet, and pre-test and post-test were applied as instruments to measure the effectiveness of the counseling. Results: The results of the evaluation of 21 participants showed that their understanding of Low Back Pain (LBP) and stretching exercise increased to 100%. Conclusion: Based on the results evaluation results, the counseling conducted at Bening's Clinic Pamekasan successfully increased participants' understanding of stretching exercise for low back pain (LBP).

Myogenic low back pain is a complaint of pain in the lower back area caused by disorders of muscle tissue or tendons, without nerve involvement. This complaint is often experienced by individuals who perform repetitive physical activities or maintain a hunched sitting position for long periods, resulting in muscle fatigue and discomfort. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy in reducing myogenic low back pain. The study design used a one-group pre- and post-test with control design, with a total of 20 employees in the rehabilitation unit of RSU Medika Tanjung Mulia who had met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Group I received McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy interventions along with standard hospital therapy, while Group II only received standard hospital therapy. Pain levels were measured using a Numeric Rating Scale before and after the intervention. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in pain in both groups after the intervention, with a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the comparison between groups showed that the group receiving McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy experienced a greater reduction in pain than the control group. This suggests that the combination of McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy is more effective in reducing myogenic low back pain. This study recommends the use of both interventions as part of the physiotherapy management of low back pain caused by muscle disorders.  

Background: Dysmenorrhea is often experienced by women, the impact of untreated dysmenorrhea can interfere with daily activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving warm compresses to the abdomen on dysmenorrhea pain. Method: The quasi-experimental research method with the Pretest-Postest Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all female students at SMP Negeri 10 Denpasar totaling 547 students with a purposive sampling technique using the slovin formula. Result: The results of the Wilcoxon test on the pretest-posttest of the treatment group obtained a value of P = 0.0003 <0.05, meaning that there was a difference in the dysmenorrhea pain score before and after being given warm compresses to the abdomen and health education in the treatment group. The results of the next Wilcoxon test on the pretest-posttest of the control group obtained a value of P = 0.066> 0.05, meaning that there was no difference before and after health education in the control group. The results of the Man Whitney test on dysmenorrhea pain scores after being given Warm Compress Abdomen and Health Education in the Treatment and Control Groups obtained P = 0.000 <0.05 indicating that there is an effect of Warm Compress Abdomen and Health Education on dysmenorrhea pain. Conclusion: Warm abdominal compress therapy and health education are effective methods to reduce dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. It is recommended that adolescent girls can apply warm compresses as an effort to reduce menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) with complementary therapy both in the school environment and at home.

Perineal wounds are a common condition experienced by postpartum mothers after vaginal delivery and can potentially cause pain, discomfort, and the risk of infection if not properly cared for. Effective, safe, and culturally appropriate perineal wound care is a crucial need in postpartum care, especially at the primary health care level. Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) are known to have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties that have the potential to support the wound healing process. This study aims to analyze the effect of green betel leaf water baths on the perineal wound healing process in postpartum mothers in the Sikui Community Health Center (UPT) work area. This study used a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study was conducted in June–July 2025 with 18 postpartum mothers with grade I and II perineal wounds as respondents. Wound condition assessment before intervention was carried out using the REEDA instrument as a baseline condition, while healing results were evaluated based on clinical outcomes and the duration of perineal wound healing. Data analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that all respondents experienced clinical perineal wound healing after the green betel leaf water bath intervention. The majority of postpartum mothers experienced wound healing in less than one week, with a median healing time of 5.5 days. In conclusion, green betel leaf water bath has the potential to support the perineal wound healing process in postpartum mothers. This intervention can be considered a safe, easy-to-implement, and relevant complementary therapy for integration into postpartum care in primary healthcare settings.

Menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is a common complaint experienced by adolescent girls throughout the world has shown that the incidence of dysmenorrhea is quite high, namely 43-93% of women experience dysmenorrhea and 5-10% of them experience very severe dysmenorrhea and leave their activities 1-3 days a month, where 8% of them have to leave school or work during menstruation The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of giving turmeric and tamarind with pineapple juice on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in TPMB "M".This study uses a qualitative research strategy, with a case study, which is a series of scientific activities carried out intensively, in detail and in depth about a program, event, and activity, both at the individual level, a group of people, institutions, or organizations to obtain in-depth knowledge about the event, this case study was conducted directly to adolescents who were menstruating and experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. The results of the study were conducted in Case 1, an adolescent who was experiencing Primary Dysmenorrhea pain with a pain scale of 9 after being given Turmeric Acid, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 5, Visit 3 was 3. While in Case 2 after being given Pineapple juice, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 4, Visit 3 was 2. both were the same in reducing pain, but consuming Turmeric Acid was more effective in reducing pain by 1 on the 2nd visit and the difference in pain reduction was 1 on the 3rd visit. It is hoped that this study can be used to add new knowledge about the treatment of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents in a non-pharmacological way, namely by using turmeric acid and pineapple juice. as an alternative.

Background: When entering the third trimester of pregnancy, many pregnant women have difficulty sleeping as they face physical and psychological changes, such as back pain, frequent urination, anxiety, and worries about the upcoming labor process. Almost 66% of pregnant women experience sleep disruptions that can jeopardize maternal and fetal health, including the risk of preeclampsia and low birth weight. Prenatal yoga can relieve stress and anxiety, thus contributing to improving the sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women. Purpose: To know the influence of prenatal yoga on sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women at PMB Appi Ammelia Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta. Methods: This research utilizes the Pre-Experimental research type and One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample comprised of three trimester pregnant women totaling 24 respondents. The sampling method used total sampling. Sleep quality assessment was evaluated using the PSQI questionnaire and applying Wilcoxon test analysis. Results: Before treatment, 3 respondents (12.5%) of third trimester pregnant women had good sleep quality. After treatment, there was a change so that 18 (75%) respondents had good sleep quality. A p-value of 0.001 was found from the Wilcoxon test analysis. Conclusion: Prenatal yoga affects the sleep quality of third trimester pregnant women at PMB Appi Ammelia Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases that has existed throughout the history of human civilization and remains a major public health problem in the world today. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which can result in TB Pleuritis, which is inflammation of the pleura, both the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura, manifested by accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. A 20-year-old man came with complaints of coughing for the past 1 month, white phlegm, shortness of breath felt worse for the past 2 days, fever not too high for the past 1 week accompanied by cold sweats at night. The patient feels that it is difficult to gain weight and tends to lose weight this month. Chest X-ray show left massive pleural effusion. Acid fast baccili sputum was negative. USG Thorax show pleural fluids approximately 1600 cc.  Tuberculosis (TB) can cause TB pleutiritis with symptoms of shortness of breath and sometimes chest pain on the side of the pleural cavity where there is fluid.3 Treatment of TB Pleuritis is the same as the treatment of pulmonary TB in general with the 2RHZE/4RH combination. Optimal fluid evacuation is carried out according to the patient's condition.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is still one of the health problems, including in the dental profession. Doctor Dentists have a risk of experiencing Low Back Pain (LBP) when viewed from their static work activities. work activities that are static. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between ergonomic factors and complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with an observational observational research design and using a cross sectional research design. The study population was general dentists practicing in Jambi City, totaling 204 people. Respondents in this study 70 people. Data collection using the ODI questionnaire for measurement LBP measurement, fingertip pulse oximeter for measurement of workload, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) for work posture measurement, vibration meter for vibration measurement, and lux meter for lighting measurement. Data analysis using chi-square statistical test version 24. Results: The results showed the prevalence of complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in dentists was 60%. dentists amounted to 60%. The statistical test results show that the variables workload (p=0.000 <0.05), work posture (p=0.000 <0.05), length of work (p = 0.000 < 0.05), repetition (p = 0.003 < 0.05), lighting (p = 0.415 > 0,05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition with complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) and there is no relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition and lighting

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and raise livestock, as well as social activities of village organizations and religion, not to the point of increasing family economy. Making warming cream from natural ingredients, such as nutmeg, lemongrass, and torch ginger or other plants around the house is very easy, simple tools, low cost, and has economic value. The target of the activity is to provide assistance in making body warming cream and relieving aches and pains. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to provide assistance in making body warming cream and aches and pains. Assistance is not only in making, but also in good product packaging and counseling on marketing direction of products made by the people of Bingkat Village. This natural cream product has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila values ​​in the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat by Affandi. This painting is considered to have a strong philosophical meaning related to the struggle of the Indonesian people in maintaining independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research), where data is obtained from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. The data collection technique is carried out through the documentation method, while the data obtained is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify symbols, colors, and visual elements that reflect the values ​​of Pancasila. The results of the study show that the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat represents the five values ​​of Pancasila. The value of Belief in the One Almighty God is seen in the slogan "Once Independent, Always Independent" which reflects the belief that independence is a gift from God. The value of Just and Civilized Humanity is seen in the solidarity of the fighters without distinguishing backgrounds. The value of Indonesian Unity is realized through the togetherness of the fighters who develop a joint strategy. The value of Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation is depicted in the discussion scene among the fighters. Finally, the value of Social Justice for All Indonesian People is reflected through the painting of simple war equipment that shows the struggle of the common people in maintaining independence. This study confirms that works of art, especially Affandi's paintings, are able to be an effective medium in conveying moral messages, values ​​of friendship, and the spirit of struggle.

One of the causes of the high Maternal Mortality Rate (AKI) is long childbirth. If the delivery process lasts a long time, it can cause the mother to be exhausted because she runs out of energy. This results in inadequate uterine contractions (his) so that it can cause failure in the progress of labor. In addition to the inadequacy of uterine contractions (his), psychological conditions are also one of the factors that affect the length of labor progress. The psychological condition in question is the mother's perception of anxiety and pain during the childbirth process. One of the non-pharmacological therapies is self-healing , which is one of the methods used to manage emotions in order to avoid things that cause stress. This study aims to analyze the Effectiveness of Self-Healing to Reduce the Intensity of Pain in Maternal Mothers at PMB Winda Nainggolan, Hutabayu District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2024. This research method uses a quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental design research method in one group (one group prestest posttest). The research will be conducted in May 2024-July 2024. The sample size was 16 people with nonprobability sampling techniques. The data analysis used was using the Pairet t Test with an error value of α 0.05. The results of the study based on the output test statistics obtained a significance value of 0.000 which is smaller than the significance level of 5% (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). The conclusion of the study is that Ha is accepted, which means that there is an effect of self-healing on the reduction of Period I labor pain in Primigravida mothers at PMB Winda Nainggolan, Hutabayu District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2024. It is hoped that health workers can improve the quality of service, self-healing can be an intervention as one of the non-pharmacological therapies for maternal mothers.

The textile industry, especially clothing, is never-ending, because clothing is one of the primary needs, so that production services for ready-made clothing or the clothing convection industry continue to grow rapidly. One of the companies in the clothing convection industry in Malang City is CV. Defix Unggul Jaya. The clothing convection industry often shows intensive and repetitive work patterns. This can result in excessive workloads on workers, causing work-related diseases. Each stage of work in the clothing convection industry can cause risks related to work postures such as neck pain complaints. The incidence of neck pain complaints in workers reaches 6-67%. So the role of physiotherapy becomes very important, where the form of physiotherapy services not only provides treatment, but can provide services in the form of preventing neck pain disorders through socialization activities. The purpose of this socialization activity is to see the importance of the role of physiotherapy education in understanding the prevention of neck pain in CV. Defix Unggul Jaya, Malang City convection workers. The method used is education through socialization related to neck pain complaints using leaflets as a promotional media for the mat and using pre-test and post-test to determine the level of workers' understanding of neck pain complaints. The results obtained show an increase in the understanding of convection workers regarding the prevention and proper handling of neck pain.

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation in the lung parenchyma. Pneumonia is the third leading cause of death globally. In Indonesia, in 2018, the prevalence of pneumonia among all age groups reached 2.21%. This case report was obtained from primary data through anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting tests. The patient complained of shortness of breath. The shortness of breath occurred during moderate physical activity and improved with rest. The shortness of breath was not affected by the weather. The patient also complained of left chest pain, productive cough, fever, diarrhea, and weakness. Upon physical examination, the general status showed vesicular breath sounds and rhonchi in the left lung field. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse consolidation in the bilateral paracardial pulmonary areas, suggesting pneumonia. Laboratory tests showed elevated white blood cell count. The patient was given pharmacological and non-pharmacological management in the form of respiratory fluoroquinolone.

The DPR together with the President still stipulates the revision of the KPK Law, namely Law No. 19 of 2019 concerning the KPK. Apart from that, it also sees that the IPK (Corruption Perception Index) in Indonesia continues to increase every year. Therefore, why is the author here interested in this theme because the KPK itself is being hotly discussed by the public, especially the TWK (National Interview Test) which makes the KPK even more chaotic. In a democratic society, the KPK is very important. However, in reality, the KPK is currently being oppressed, criminalization and other actions that in this case weaken the KPK continue to occur. So, is it true that in the era of President Jokowi like during the New Order or the Soeharto government. What is the strategy to foster an anti-corruption attitude in the younger generation in particular, considering that corruption cases in Indonesia itself are still ingrained. Then how is the case that occurred at the KPK if analyzed in the context of legal philosophy studies. The results of the study show that first, the criminalization of the KPK is seen in the utilitarianism school where the author uses the opinion of Jeremy Bentham (the founder of the utilitarianism school). Bentham stated that good law is a law that can fulfill the principle of maximizing happiness and minimizing pain in society. Second, regarding the revision of the KPK Law seen in the context of the legal realism school, which the author quotes from the opinion of Axel Hegerstrom (one of the Scandinavian legal realism figures). That the opinion conveyed by Hagerstrom is that the law must be based on empirical reality that is in accordance with the psychological feelings of each individual.   Keywords: Corruption Eradication Commission; Polemic; KPK Law; Indonesia

This research aims to determine how the Village Customary Institution (LAD) strategies for revitalizing cultural heritage in Lumban Gaol Village. Whether the existence of the Village Customary Institution can revive cultural heritage and its impact on the surrounding community. This research was conducted in Lumban Gaol Village using qualitative research methods and informants who became informants, namely the chairman of the Village Customary Institution (LAD), village head, and community. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the strategies carried out by the Village Customary Institution (LAD) in revitalizing cultural heritage in Lumban Gaol Village include socialization strategies, namely LAD conducting socialization regarding the importance of preserving customs and culture. Culture experience, namely LAD inviting young people to clean cultural heritage and inviting children and the elderly to participate in the Cultural and Tourism Awareness Community in Lumban Gaol Village. Economic strategy, namely LAD together with the community building the village by managing cultural heritage to become a source of income for the community. Conservation strategy, namely LAD together with the community improving road access and repairing buildings by painting, renovating damaged ones, and beautifying the buildings so that the community or visitors feel safe and comfortable.

Background:Breastfeeding is expected to help achieve SDGs goal 3, target 2, which is to reduce neonatal mortality to at least 12 per 1,000 live births in all countries by 2030 and stop unnecessary deaths of newborns and children under five. Encouraging healthy breastfeeding is essential to prevent more than 820,000 deaths of children under five each year. Oxytocin massage has been shown to increase the sensation of relaxation, improve sleep quality and comfort, reduce pain and tension, and help increase prolactin and oxytocin levels, which in turn increase breast milk production. Research Method:The research design used the Pre Experimental Design method, namely with the form of a One Group pretest and posttest design without a control group. This study used purposive sampling, with a sample size of 22 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Result:This study showed that the value before oxytocin massage was 16.14 and after oxytocin massage the mean was 27.73. The conclusion of the study shows that the results of the experimental test have a significant value with a p value of 0.000 <0.05. This shows that there is a significant gap in breast milk production between before and after oxytocin massage. Suggestion: It is hoped that midwives at the Lidya Clinic can use this study as input to support increased breast milk production in mothers, especially those in the postpartum period.