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Technological developments and globalization have brought changes to the mindsets and behaviors of the younger generation, including a declining interest in history learning and low historical awareness. Islamic Cultural History (ISH) plays a crucial role in shaping historical awareness because it encompasses values ​​of faith, scholarship, tolerance, leadership, and morals relevant to modern life. This study aims to analyze the role of ISH learning in shaping the historical awareness of the younger generation, explain its importance in understanding Islamic historical values, and examine the effective implementation of ISH learning in the modern era. This study used a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals, articles, and various other sources relevant to the research theme. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically through a process of collection, reduction, interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that ISH learning plays a significant role in building the historical awareness of the younger generation by instilling Islamic character values ​​and identity. Historical awareness helps students understand the interconnectedness of the past, present, and future, enabling them to draw lessons from historical events. Implementation of Islamic Education (SKI) learning can be carried out through a contextual approach, active learning methods, the use of digital technology, role models, and experiential learning. Thus, SKI serves not only as a means of transferring knowledge but also as a medium for character and identity formation for the younger generation in the era of globalization.

This article reviews the history and transformation of madrasah management in Indonesia. Emerging in the early twentieth century, madrasahs developed as educational institutions that combined the traditional values of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) with the organizational structure of modern schools. This study employs a literature review method to examine the evolution of madrasah governance from the colonial era to the reform era. The findings reveal three major stages in the development of madrasah management. The first stage was the early period, during which madrasahs were independently managed by religious leaders and Islamic organizations with limited government involvement. The second stage was the post-independence integration period, characterized by increasing government intervention in curriculum development, institutional regulation, and legal recognition. The third stage was the modernization era, marked by the issuance of the Joint Decree of the Three Ministers in 1975 and the enactment of the National Education System Law of 2003, which strengthened the position of madrasahs within the national education system and placed them on an equal footing with public schools. These developments encouraged madrasahs to adopt Madrasah-Based Management (MBM) as a strategy to improve educational quality, effectiveness, and competitiveness. Overall, the transformation of madrasah management reflects an adaptive process that enables madrasahs to respond to educational reforms and societal changes while maintaining their distinctive Islamic identity and educational mission.  

Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is the most common chromosomal disorder in humans and is primarily caused by nondisjunction events during meiosis. Although advanced maternal age has long been recognized as the major risk factor, recent scientific evidence indicates that genetic mutations, gene polymorphisms, and meiotic recombination abnormalities also play important roles in the occurrence of Trisomy 21. This literature review aims to analyze the role of genetic mutations in the pathogenesis of Trisomy 21, with emphasis on the mechanisms of nondisjunction, oocyte aging, meiotic recombination errors, and folate metabolism disorders. The method used was a narrative literature review based on seven major scientific sources discussing the genetic and molecular factors underlying Trisomy 21. The findings indicate that genetic mutations and variations affecting meiotic regulation, recombination positioning, chromosome cohesion, and DNA methylation significantly increase the risk of chromosome 21 nondisjunction. In addition, age-related decline in oocyte quality and polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes further exacerbate chromosomal instability. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for the development of genetic counseling, early detection, and more effective prevention and management strategies in the future.  

Usability evaluation plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of digital systems, particularly in terms of comfort, effectiveness, and ease of use. Instruments such as the System Usability Scale (SUS), User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), and Heuristic Evaluation (HE) are widely used in modern usability studies. This research conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify patterns and trends in the use of these instruments. A total of 27 initial studies were collected, and 16 were selected through the PRISMA screening procedure. The findings show that UEQ is the most frequently used instrument, especially in Learning Management Systems (LMS) and academic platforms, while SUS is commonly applied to mobile applications and digital libraries for rapid usability assessment. HE is effective in revealing fundamental interface issues such as non-intuitive navigation and layout inconsistencies. Overall, digital systems perform well in Efficiency and Perspicuity, but consistently show low scores in Novelty. This study provides an integrative knowledge map that highlights cross-instrument insights and supports the development of more intuitive, innovative, and user-centered digital systems

For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem that requires international efforts to prevent the ineffectiveness of existing antibiotics and support the development of new antimicrobial agents. The increasing use of antibiotics in the community must be accompanied by proper understanding regarding rational antibiotic use to minimize the risk of resistance. This community service activity aimed to provide education on rational antibiotic use and the dangers of antibiotic resistance to undergraduate nutrition students at STIKes Adila, Bandar Lampung. The activity was conducted through educational sessions using flyers, presentation slides, and interactive discussions to encourage active participation and improve understanding of the topic. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test assessments to measure changes in participants’ knowledge levels. Descriptive analysis showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge, with the high knowledge category increasing from 0% during the pre-test to 85% in the post-test, while the low knowledge category decreased from 35.5% to 0% after the intervention. These findings indicate that educational interventions can effectively enhance awareness and understanding of rational antibiotic use and the prevention of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, continuous educational programs are important to promote responsible antibiotic use and support public health efforts in combating antibiotic resistance.

Community service activities with the theme "My Home is My First Madrasah" were held on September 20, 2025 in Tarowang Village, South Galesong District, Takalar Regency. This activity aims to provide education to the community, especially parents and children, regarding the importance of the role of the family as the first and primary educational institution in the formation of children's character. The activity methods used were educational lectures, discussions, and question and answer sessions which took place from 08.30 to 12.30 WITA. The results of the activity showed that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of parental role models, the habituation of religious values, effective communication within the family, and the importance of maintaining a clean home environment as part of children's character education. The enthusiasm of the participants was seen through active participation in the discussion and question and answer sessions. This activity had a positive impact in the form of increased parental awareness in implementing good parenting patterns, the formation of positive habits in the family, and increased public concern for a clean and harmonious environment. Thus, the "My Home, My First Madrasah" outreach program is expected to be the first step in developing a generation with noble character, religious character, and responsibility in family and community life.

Street names are a vital public information tool that helps people identify locations, find addresses, and reinforce the identity of a region. The availability of street names also supports the effectiveness of administrative services, community mobility, and emergency service access. Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency, still faces a lack of street names, making it difficult for residents and visitors to find specific addresses. Based on this situation, students from the 14th Community Service Program (KKN-T) at Raden Rahmat Islamic University (Unira) Malang implemented a community service program involving mapping and installing street names at several strategic locations in the village. The implementation method included field observation, street name data collection, coordination with village officials, design and production, and installation of the street names. This program aims to improve access to location information, clarify regional identity, and support orderly village administration. The results of the activity indicate that the presence of street names provides tangible benefits to the community, particularly in facilitating address searches, improving environmental order, and helping visitors to identify Srigonco Village more easily and effectively.

This study endeavors to elucidate the application of educational videos pertaining to Heroes' Day in fostering the social communication competencies of early childhood learners at Kindergarten 001 Bunguran Timur Laut. Social communication skills are essential for young children as they support language development, social interaction, emotional expression, and the ability to build positive relationships with others. Therefore, educators are encouraged to utilize innovative and engaging learning media that can effectively stimulate children's communication abilities. The methodological framework employed in this investigation was qualitative in nature, utilizing a descriptive approach. The participant cohort comprised 15 children from Group B, aged between 5–6 years. Data were gathered through systematic observation, structured interviews, and comprehensive documentation to obtain a thorough understanding of the learning process and its outcomes. The findings revealed that the integration of educational videos concerning Heroes' Day facilitated the development of social communication skills among children, including verbal expression, responsive inquiry, collaborative engagement, and interactive discourse with peers and educators. The participants demonstrated heightened enthusiasm, greater confidence in expressing their opinions, and increased active participation throughout the instructional sequence. Moreover, the visual and auditory elements of the videos helped children better understand the learning material and encouraged meaningful discussions. Consequently, educational videos pertaining to Heroes' Day may serve as an effective pedagogical medium for nurturing the social communication competencies of early childhood learners at Kindergarten 001 Bunguran Timur Laut.

The increasing demand for electrical energy in military education facilities necessitates an efficient, reliable, and sustainable energy solution. This research aims to design a Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system to meet the street lighting needs in the Wangi-Wangi Complex of the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL). The research method used is quantitative descriptive with an engineering design approach thru the stages of site survey, collection of solar energy potential data in the Surabaya area, calculation of electricity energy needs, calculation of solar panel capacity, calculation of battery capacity, and design of battery connection configuration. The research results show that the energy requirement for street lighting is 1,920 Wh/day, sourced from 8 units of 20 Watt LED lamps with an operating time of 12 hours per day. Based on the average solar radiation potential in Surabaya of 5 kWh/m²/day, the designed system requires 3 units of 200 Wp monocrystalline solar panels with a total area of approximately 4.89 m². For energy storage, 4 units of Yuasa N200 12 V 200 Ah batteries are used, configured in a series-parallel arrangement, capable of providing an effective energy of around 3,600 Wh with an estimated operating time of 22.5 hours. The research results indicate that the proposed solar power plant design is feasible to implement as an environmentally friendly, efficient alternative energy source that supports the green defense concept in the AAL environment.

This research aims to evaluate the Naval Academy's Technical Corps Education Program in enhancing cadets' readiness to face assignments on the Indonesian Navy Warships (KRI). The research uses a quantitative approach with an evaluative method and the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The research sample consisted of 154 respondents, including cadets from the Technical Corps, educators, and officers who are users of the graduates. Data were collected thru questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation, and then analyzed using descriptive statistics and the CIPP model evaluation. The research results show that the Technical Corps Education Program falls into the good category with an average score of 4.15. The context component received a score of 4.18, input 4.05, process 4.12, and product 4.23. The results indicate that the education program has been effective in enhancing the cadets' readiness to face assignments on KRI. The main supporting factors include curriculum alignment, educator competence, and field practice experience. However, the improvement of practical facilities, the updating of modern warship technology materials, and the strengthening of simulation-based training are still needed to continuously enhance the quality of graduates.

Village governance plays an important role in supporting the effectiveness of development planning and improving community welfare. This study aims to analyze financial management governance and the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBKal) in Kalurahan Poncosari, Bantul Regency, for the 2025 fiscal year. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with key informants and documentation analysis of relevant regulations and financial reports. The results show that financial management in Kalurahan Poncosari has been implemented systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability in accordance with applicable regulations. The planning process is conducted in a participatory manner through tiered community deliberations, such as hamlet-level deliberations and village development planning deliberations, involving residents. In addition, the use of digital systems such as E-RAB and Siskeudes supports transparency and administrative order. However, challenges remain, including limited budget flexibility due to mandatory programs from central and regional governments, limited human resource capacity, and shifts in community participation patterns. In conclusion, the governance of APBKal in Kalurahan Poncosari demonstrates compliance and accountability; however, improvements in administrative capacity and fiscal flexibility are needed to better respond to community needs.

This study was conducted based on the crucial role of diesel generator engines as the primary source of electrical power on board ships, making their operational reliability essential. One of the factors influencing generator engine performance is lubricating oil temperature. Excessive lubricating oil temperature may reduce lubrication effectiveness, increase friction between moving components, and lower engine efficiency. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the causes of high lubricating oil temperature in diesel generator engines and determine appropriate corrective actions. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews, and documentation during sea practice aboard MV. CL FLANDERS from 4 July 2024 to 5 July 2025. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression to examine the relationship between generator load and lubricating oil temperature. The findings revealed that generator load had a significant effect on the increase in lubricating oil temperature. Under normal operating conditions, the lubricating oil temperature ranged from 60°C to 72°C, while under abnormal conditions it increased to between 68°C and 81°C. The abnormal rise in temperature was mainly caused by cooling system problems, particularly a dirty LO cooler, scale deposits on the sea water pump impeller, and blockage in the cooling capillary pipes. The regression equation under normal conditions was Y = 45 + 0.30X, whereas under abnormal conditions it was Y = 53.5 + 0.30X. Elevated lubricating oil temperature resulted in lower oil viscosity, higher fuel consumption, and reduced diesel generator engine performance. Therefore, regular maintenance of the LO cooler, sea water pump, and continuous temperature monitoring are necessary to maintain optimum engine performance.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of information technology in improving the quality of public services. The research method used is library research by collecting and analyzing various scientific sources, such as journals, books, research articles, and government documents related to information technology and public services. The results show that the implementation of information technology through online service systems, official websites, and administrative information systems is able to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. Information technology also helps accelerate administrative processes, reduce data management errors, increase employee productivity, and strengthen communication between the government and the community. In addition, the implementation of information technology supports the realization of e-government and good governance through increased accountability and information transparency. However, the implementation of information technology still faces several challenges, such as limited human resources, inadequate technological infrastructure, unstable internet connections, and the low ability of some communities to use digital services. Therefore, it is necessary to improve employee competencies, develop technological infrastructure, and conduct public socialization to optimize the implementation of information technology in public services. Overall, information technology has proven to be a strategic solution in creating modern, effective, efficient, transparent, and community-oriented public services.

This study aims to (1) describe the development of Dakpin media for learning the concepts of Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) for fourth-grade students at MI Tarbiyatul Banin, and (2) determine the validity of the developed media. The research employed the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The study was conducted at MI Tarbiyatul Banin during the first semester, involving 11 fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through material and media expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, tests, observations, and interviews. The results indicate that the Dakpin media was successfully developed through all stages of the ADDIE model and was considered highly valid for use in mathematics learning. Validation results showed an average score of 93.75% from material experts and 94.79% from media experts, both categorized as “very valid.” In addition, student responses toward the use of Dakpin media reached 91%, indicating a highly positive reception. These findings suggest that Dakpin media is appropriate and effective as a learning tool to support students’ understanding of GCF and LCM concepts in elementary mathematics learning.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on financial management behavior through financial attitudes among students of Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia (UKRI). The background of this research is the increasing importance of financial understanding among students in managing their personal finances effectively. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to UKRI students. The data were analyzed using statistical methods to examine both direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Furthermore, financial attitudes are proven to mediate the relationship between financial literacy and financial management behavior, indicating that better financial knowledge shapes positive attitudes, which in turn improve financial behavior. The findings imply that improving financial literacy and fostering positive financial attitudes are essential in promoting better financial management among students. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to enhance financial education programs to support students in achieving financial well-being.

Government procurement plays a strategic role in supporting effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable public administration. To promote procurement reform, the government has implemented an electronic procurement system through the Electronic Procurement Service (LPSE). The implementation of the Electronic Procurement System (SPSE) in Pematang Siantar City aims to improve procurement quality, reduce irregularities, and accelerate the delivery of goods and services. However, several challenges persist, including limited human resources capable of operating the system, technical disruptions, lack of outreach to local vendors, and weak coordination between the Procurement Unit (UKPBJ) and related agencies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of SPSE implementation in Pematang Siantar City. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with UKPBJ officials and procurement officers from several local government units, direct observation of procurement activities via SPSE, and documentation review. Data analysis employed Duncan’s effectiveness indicators: goal attainment, integration, and adaptation. The results show that SPSE implementation has not been fully effective. In terms of goal attainment, procurement processes follow established procedures, but delays still occur due to system disruptions and limited user competence. In terms of integration, coordination between UKPBJ and technical units remains suboptimal, affecting communication and oversight. Regarding adaptation, although the information technology infrastructure is adequate, human resource capacity is still limited. Therefore, improving human resources, strengthening coordination, and enhancing system reliability are necessary to achieve optimal effectiveness.

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, requiring systematic early detection and community-based interventions. This community service activity aimed to implement early stunting detection through parental health education and anthropometric measurements of children under five at Posyandu Pasir Putih, Kelurahan Baurung, Kecamatan Banggae Timur, Kabupaten Majene, West Sulawesi. A participatory approach was used, combining interactive health education sessions with standardized anthropometric screening (weight, height/length, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference) for 35 toddlers aged 0–59 months. Parental knowledge was assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered to 38 parents. Results showed a significant increase in parental knowledge, from a mean pre-test score of 52.4 (poor category) to 81.6 (good category) on post-test. Anthropometric assessment revealed that 13 out of 35 toddlers (37.1%) were identified as stunted (25.7% stunted; 11.4% severely stunted). All identified cases were referred to the local health center (Puskesmas) for specific nutritional interventions including supplementary feeding and intensive nutrition counseling. These findings indicate that integrated anthropometric screening combined with targeted parental education is an effective strategy for early stunting identification at the community level. Posyandu plays a crucial role as a platform for translating anthropometric data into meaningful risk communication and promoting sustained community engagement in child growth monitoring

This research investigates how the characteristics of virtual influencers influence consumers’ purchase intention, with consumer perception acting as a mediating variable. A quantitative explanatory method was applied, involving 134 social media users who had been exposed to promotional content by the virtual influencer Arbie Seo for Richeese Factory. Data analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results reveal that credibility and authenticity exert a positive influence on purchase intention, whereas attractiveness shows a significant negative effect. In addition, credibility, attractiveness, and authenticity positively affect consumer perception. Consumer perception subsequently increases purchase intention and serves as a mediator in the relationship between virtual influencer characteristics and purchase intention.