Publication Search

This qualitative study examines standard operating procedure (SOP) implementation for tugboat clearance operations at Jepara Port, analyzing service quality enhancement through comprehensive stakeholder engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with 25 participants across five stakeholder categories, the research reveals significant operational improvements including a 35% reduction in clearance processing times and a 35.5% increase in stakeholder satisfaction scores. Findings demonstrate that standardized procedures enhance port operational efficiency while strengthening maritime vocational education integration. Beyond efficiency gains, the study highlights the role of SOPs in ensuring transparency, accountability, and consistency in port service delivery. Respondents emphasized that clear procedural guidelines reduce uncertainty, minimize conflicts between stakeholders, and establish a common framework for decision-making in dynamic operational contexts. Moreover, the integration of vocational education elements into procedural design strengthens workforce competencies, aligning training curricula with real-world port requirements and industry expectations. The study contributes both theoretically and practically by offering evidence-based frameworks that can be adopted by other Indonesian ports. It underscores the importance of combining procedural standardization with stakeholder collaboration to achieve sustainable improvements in maritime service quality. Overall, the findings establish replicable models for enhancing national port competitiveness and advancing maritime industry development through systematic procedural and operational innovation that ensures long-term sustainability and resilience.

This study aims to analyze the differences between various extraction techniques and their relationship to the yield and biological activity of phytochemical compounds derived from natural materials. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing relevant and reliable scientific publications published within the last five years. The findings indicate that extraction methods such as maceration, soxhletation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) demonstrate varying levels of effectiveness depending on the type of material, solvent polarity, extraction temperature, and duration of the process. Modern extraction methods, particularly sonication, MAE, and UAE, have been shown to produce higher yields with enhanced biological activity while offering greater efficiency in terms of reduced time and solvent consumption. On the other hand, conventional techniques such as maceration and soxhletation remain relevant, particularly for thermolabile compounds that are sensitive to high temperatures. The selection of an appropriate extraction method plays a crucial role in obtaining high-quality extracts that can serve as potential raw materials for phytopharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, and other natural products. This review not only highlights the advantages and limitations of each technique but also emphasizes the importance of aligning method selection with specific research objectives and compound characteristics. Overall, this study provides a theoretical foundation for future experimental research and serves as an initial guideline for determining extraction strategies based on efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability.

Extraction is a crucial process for obtaining active compounds from natural materials, such as medicinal plants, spices, and other biomass. The success of the extraction process is greatly influenced by the method used, as each method has its own mechanism, efficiency, and yield. This study compared seven commonly used extraction methods: maceration, percolation, infusion, soxhletation, reflux, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Based on data collected from various scientific journals, it was found that modern methods such as UAE and MAE are capable of producing higher yields than conventional methods. Furthermore, both methods are more efficient in terms of extraction time and solvent usage, making them more environmentally friendly and suitable for industrial-scale applications. However, conventional methods such as maceration and percolation still play an important role, especially in initial research or in laboratories with limited equipment. For example, maceration is easy to perform, does not require high energy, and is suitable for heat-sensitive materials. Other factors that influence extraction results include the type of solvent, temperature, time, and the characteristics of the natural material itself. Therefore, the choice of extraction method must be tailored to the research objectives, the type of compound to be extracted, and the availability of resources and equipment. Combining several methods can also be considered to improve the efficiency and quality of the extraction results. It should be emphasized that extraction yield is influenced not only by the method, but also by the type of material, solvent, temperature, time, and particle size. Therefore, the choice of extraction method must be tailored to the nature of the material, the type of target compound, as well as the objectives and availability of resources. In some cases, a combination of extraction methods can also be used to increase efficiency and obtain optimal results.

The digital era has significantly influenced the economic system, and one of the innovations arising is the development of smart ponds based on IoT technology. In Ujungwatu Village, the development of Tambak Bandeng Kalingga has become an innovative solution to optimize local potential, while also introducing advanced technology that is not widely known by the local community. The main goal of this development is to introduce the concept of IoT technology in pond management, which can enhance efficiency and the competitiveness of the bandeng pond products. The method used in this Community Service (PkM) project is branding and socialization, with a focus on introducing IoT technology and its benefits to the local community. This socialization and branding activity aims to enable the community to learn and apply IoT technology in their activities, particularly in pond management. The results of this PkM activity show that the use of the Tambak Bandeng Kalingga sector is growing, with Ujungwatu Village now recognized as a village that manages ponds based on IoT. In the month following the branding, 40 visitors were recorded, and the reels video created was watched 1,620 times, which is a positive outcome. Visitors who came were also able to understand how the IoT technology system works at Tambak Bandeng Kalingga, further supporting the sustainability and advancement of the village in managing modern, technology-based ponds.

Stable temperature regulation is essential in various industries to maintain product quality and energy efficiency. This study analyzed the water temperature regulation system using PID control through MATLAB simulation and the actual implementation using Thermocontrol and PT100 sensors. In the simulation, the PID control parameters used were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 240, and Kd = 60, while the tuning results in the actual implementation were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 0.5, and Kd = 1.2. The simulation results showed that the system could reach the setpoint faster (±330 seconds), but with a high overshoot (±20.8°C). In contrast, the actual implementation shows more stable performance, with a much lower overshoot (±0.8°C) and a time to the setpoint of about ±345 seconds. These differences in performance can be influenced by environmental factors and the physical characteristics of real systems that are not fully reflected in the simulation. Although the simulation provides faster results, the actual implementation is more adaptive to changing conditions and better able to maintain temperature stability. This research can provide important insights into the development of more effective and reliable temperature control systems for industrial applications, as well as demonstrate the importance of proper tuning in PID control systems to achieve optimal performance.

The maintenance of non-aviation defense equipment (main weapon system) is a critical aspect in maintaining operational readiness. However, the Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) system in Indonesia still faces limitations due to manual reporting, inefficiency in spare parts management, and the lack of integration of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach. This study aims to design and develop the Integrated Cavalry Monitoring and Maintenance System (ICMMS) based on a web application that integrates sensors, real-time data analytics, and LCC calculation. The prototyping method was used, involving design, development, integration, and testing phases on the Maung Tactical Vehicle and Anoa Armoured Personnel Carrier at PT Pindad. The results of the prototype implementation showed a significant increase in maintenance efficiency: damage reporting time decreased from ±3 hours to ±1 minute, critical component identification became 95% faster, and maintenance scheduling shifted from reactive to predictive. Additionally, the integration of the LCC algorithm allows for more accurate maintenance cost estimation, supporting technical and strategic decision-making. This study demonstrates that ICMMS based on LCC can be an innovative digital solution to enhance MRO effectiveness and operational readiness of non-aviation defense vehicles in Indonesia. It is expected that this system will improve the resilience and cost-effectiveness of managing Indonesia’s military vehicle fleet.

This study aims to design and develop an expert system to assist in diagnosing diseases in dairy cattle at Cibugary Farm using the Forward Chaining method. The background of this research lies in the limited knowledge of farmers in identifying early symptoms of diseases, which often leads to delays in medical treatment and negatively affects dairy cattle productivity. To address this issue, an expert system was designed to replicate the reasoning process of a human expert through a knowledge base containing diagnostic rules derived from observable symptoms. The Forward Chaining method was chosen because of its capability to trace facts from known symptoms toward a conclusion regarding the type of disease affecting the cattle. The system was developed by incorporating common disease symptoms, inference rules, and a decision-making mechanism that simulates expert analysis. Testing was carried out on several diagnostic scenarios to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the system. The results of the study indicate that the expert system can provide an initial diagnosis quickly and accurately, producing outputs consistent with expert assessments. This functionality assists farmers in making timely decisions regarding appropriate medical interventions, thereby reducing treatment delays and minimizing the risk of disease transmission within the herd. Consequently, the Forward Chaining-based expert system is expected to serve as an innovative solution to improve dairy cattle health management and support sustainable livestock productivity at Cibugary Farm.

Clean water distribution in the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Kuwasen Lama Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, faces the challenge of unequal supply between highland and lowland areas. The main factors that affect these conditions include differences in topography, suboptimal piping network design, and unbalanced water pressure, especially during peak hours. This research proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology using the ESP32 module as a control center, which is integrated with the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and control of the system. The system is equipped with a water flow sensor, water level sensor, motorized valve, and booster pump to increase water pressure in high elevation areas. Two design schemes were tested, namely flow regulation using a motorized valve, and a combination of a motorized valve with a booster pump. The results of the simulation and implementation showed an increase in water pressure stability, equitable distribution, and a decrease in the frequency of supply disruptions. The system also allows for live monitoring of network conditions, facilitates technical decision-making, and improves operational efficiency. With an adaptive and community participation-based approach, this solution has the potential to become a model for PAMSIMAS clean water distribution management that is efficient, sustainable, and responsive to geographical challenges, while strengthening the resilience of clean water services in rural areas.

Distribution is an important aspect that affects the operational efficiency of a company, especially in terms of goods delivery. This study aims to develop an optimization model for LPG gas distribution routes using Excel Solver based on geographic coordinate conversion. In this study, the method used includes converting geographic coordinates from decimal to Degree-Minute-Second (DMS) format, followed by conversion to kilometers to form a more accurate distance matrix. The optimization model was built using the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) approach, which takes into account vehicle capacity constraints (a maximum of 560 cylinders per truck) and the limited number of available fleets, which is only one truck. The results show that coordinate conversion produces high accuracy in calculating distances between distribution locations. By using Excel Solver, the optimization solution successfully minimizes the total distance traveled compared to the conventional route, where distribution is carried out more evenly to 57 scattered LPG base locations. The addition of Solver Parameters Evolutionary and All Different constraints proved effective in avoiding duplication of visits and producing optimal distribution routes. This solution not only improves distribution time and cost efficiency, but also improves service to customers by reducing delivery delays. The success of this optimization model is expected to be implemented by other distribution companies to improve their operational performance. This study also highlights the importance of selecting the right software to aid the distribution optimization process. Excel Solver, despite its simplicity, proved highly effective in solving complex distribution routing problems, especially when combined with coordinate conversion techniques that yield more accurate distances. Furthermore, the application of the CVRP method enabled more efficient decision-making in determining distribution routes, taking into account vehicle capacity and fleet limitations.

This study aims to analyze and improve the quality control of packaging printing production at PT XYZ by applying the Lean Six Sigma methodology. Lean Six Sigma combines waste reduction principles with statistical quality control to achieve operational excellence. The research identifies major production challenges, including high defect rates, overproduction, and ineffective inventory management, all of which contribute to increased costs and reduced efficiency. The DMAIC framework—Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control—was employed to systematically address these issues. During the Define and Measure phases, types of waste were identified and defect rates were calculated using Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO). In the Analyze phase, root causes were examined using a Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram, highlighting factors related to manpower, materials, machines, and methods. The analysis revealed a sigma level of 3.2, indicating a moderate level of process quality and substantial room for improvement. To address the identified issues, several improvement strategies were proposed. These include implementing a Just-In-Time (JIT) system to reduce inventory waste, adopting the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) inventory method for better material rotation, and conducting targeted technical training for operators to minimize human error. In the Control phase, the study suggests process standardization, routine inspections, and continuous monitoring as key practices to ensure that improvements are sustained over time. The findings and recommendations from this study are expected to contribute to better quality control, reduced operational waste, and enhanced productivity in the packaging printing process. Ultimately, this approach aims to strengthen PT XYZ’s competitiveness in the printing industry by fostering a culture of continuous improvement and quality excellence.

The spice industry faces significant challenges in maintaining product weight consistency as part of quality assurance and compliance with production standards. A case at PT X revealed that a newly installed filling machine produced deviations from the target weight of 50 grams, with hypothesis testing showing that out of 30 samples, 17 samples fell outside the  confidence interval. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes the development of a real-time data-driven Decision Support sistem (DSS) combined with statistical approaches. The methodology includes two-tailed hypothesis testing to detect weight deviations and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify dominant failure causes based on high Risk Priority Numbers (RPN), such as delayed machine calibration, operator error, and worn-out machine components. These findings serve as the foundation for designing the DSS architecture, which consists of sensor input modules, statistical data processing, risk mapping, and an automated corrective recommendation engine. The sistem is designed to enable early detection of deviations, accelerate response time to quality issues, and support data-driven decision-making on the production floor. The study concludes that a structured implementation of DSS can be an effective strategy to improve product weight consistency and enhance operational efficiency in spice manufacturing.  

Mail management in higher education institutions, particularly at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Technology College (STT), is still carried out manually or conventionally. This process involves physically recording and distributing letters, which in practice often creates various obstacles. Some common obstacles include the long time required to manage letters, the risk of document loss or damage, and the high possibility of errors in letter numbering. Furthermore, the document validation process is also less effective due to the lack of a system that supports electronic signatures or digital verification of document authenticity. Based on these conditions, this study aims to design and develop a digital system that can help manage letters more efficiently and securely. This system is designed not only to speed up the administrative flow of correspondence but also to simplify the document validation process through the application of digital technology. Thus, this system is expected to reduce administrative errors, increase work efficiency, and ensure the security and validity of official documents. The method used in this study is Design Thinking, which consists of five main stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. This approach enabled researchers to deeply understand user needs, explore various alternative solutions, and create an intuitive and user-friendly interface design for all parties involved in the administrative process. The research results showed that the designed system can accelerate the administration process for official letters and documents. The embedded superior features include digital validation and electronic signatures integrated with QR Code technology, thus providing a higher level of transparency and security in document management within the university environment.

Water heating systems on ships play a crucial role in supporting crew comfort and operations. However, conventional systems generally operate continuously without automatic control, resulting in energy waste and high operational costs. This situation drives the need for innovation in more efficient and environmentally friendly water heater designs. This research aims to design and implement an automated water heater temperature control system based on an ESP32 microcontroller with on/off control and the use of paraffin wax as a latent heat storage medium. This design is expected to improve energy efficiency while reducing the operational costs of water heaters on ships. The research methodology includes system design, hardware assembly, and performance testing, both static and dynamic. Testing was conducted to evaluate temperature stability and energy efficiency in system conditions with and without the use of paraffin wax. The results showed that paraffin wax improved water temperature stability while reducing the frequency of heater activation. In a 24-hour test, the system without paraffin wax recorded a heater operating time of 15 hours, consuming 8.85 kWh of electricity and costing Rp11,965.20. In contrast, the Paraffin Wax system only requires 10 hours of heater operation, consumes 5.90 kWh, and costs Rp7,976.80. This demonstrates energy savings of 2.95 kWh and a cost efficiency of up to 58%. Therefore, the ESP32-based water heater automation system and heat storage using Paraffin Wax are proven to be more energy-efficient, cost-effective, and have the potential to be an innovative and environmentally friendly solution for ship operational needs.

Discipline is a crucial aspect of education that plays a significant role in shaping students’ character and sense of responsibility. However, the manual discipline assessment process at SDIP Baitul Maal presents several issues, such as inaccurate data, limited analysis capabilities, and difficulty for teachers and parents to monitor students effectively. With the advancement of information technology, digital systems offer a potential solution to improve the efficiency and objectivity of the evaluation process. This study aims to design and develop a web-based application for assessing student discipline by implementing the K-Means Clustering method optimized with the Elbow method. The system is designed to cluster students based on numerical data such as attendance, tardiness, neatness, and rule violations, allowing for more accurate classification of discipline levels. The results show that the system successfully groups students into clusters automatically and provides informative visualizations of the outcomes. Additionally, the system facilitates real-time monitoring and evaluation by school staff and parents through a user-friendly interface. Therefore, the application of the K-Means Elbow method proves effective in supporting decision-making within the educational environment. This research is expected to contribute to the digital transformation of school management and enhance the quality of student character development.

his study aims to explore the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies within the e-commerce supply chain using a systematic and comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. By critically analysing a broad range of recent studies, it systematically identifies implementation patterns, integration barriers, and strategic opportunities that support efficiency and adaptability in digital supply chains. Findings reveal that IoT plays a pivotal role in enhancing logistics operations, inventory management accuracy, and responsiveness to dynamic market demands through real-time data monitoring. Key challenges include data security vulnerabilities, high initial investment costs, and the complexity of system interoperability. Nevertheless, the long-term benefits underscore the strategic potential of IoT as a transformative component in sustainable e-commerce supply chain development. This review contributes both theoretically and practically to policy development, technological investment strategies, and the design of adaptive IoT-based supply chain models.

The rapid advancement of digital collaboration platforms has reshaped the way organizations manage communication, motivation, and performance. Microsoft Teams, as one of the most widely adopted tools, provides integrated features for real-time messaging, virtual meetings, and document sharing that enable employees to collaborate more effectively. This study aims to explore the impact of Microsoft Teams on communication, motivation, and employee performance at the Pratama Tax Service Office (KPP) in Langsa. A quantitative research design was applied using a survey method, with data collected through pretest and posttest questionnaires. The study involved a total population of 89 employees, of which 81 valid responses were analyzed. Data processing was carried out with SPSS version 25 to compare employee conditions before and after the use of Microsoft Teams. The findings reveal that the adoption of Microsoft Teams contributes to more effective communication, enhances employee motivation by simplifying coordination and task management, and improves overall performance. These results highlight the potential of digital collaboration platforms to strengthen organizational effectiveness, particularly in government institutions that require efficiency, transparency, and adaptability in their operations. The study further implies that maximizing the use of digital platforms can support long-term organizational goals in the context of ongoing digital transformation.

The operational department at PT. Baruna Mitra Segara Lines Bandar Lampung plays a crucial role in ensuring the timely departure of ships. This study examines how the department monitors ship departures to ensure they occur on time and follow established procedures. The research uses a qualitative case study approach, collecting data through observation and documentation. The findings show that active involvement from the operational department helps reduce technical and administrative issues that may delay departures. Improving human resources and operational systems is essential to guarantee smooth operations. The operational department is responsible for coordinating between departments, checking ship readiness, and monitoring schedules. The department's effectiveness significantly reduces delays and enhances customer satisfaction. The study also highlights that the accuracy of operational work impacts the efficiency, safety, and reliability of the shipping process. Strengthening the monitoring system and improving human resource quality are critical to optimizing the department’s role. However, challenges such as limited resources and outdated information systems need to be addressed to improve performance. This research aims to provide insights for PT. Baruna Mitra Segara Lines management to enhance the operational process of ship departures.

This research aims to analyze the crucial role of the shipping agency—specifically PT. Maritime Network Indonesia Dumai Branch—in preparing the vessel departure and arrival schedule (line-up). Line-up preparation is a strategic process that involves vessel plotting at Pelindo Dumai Port and is vital for supporting the smooth running of port operations and loading/unloading activities. The research methodology includes field research (field research) to observe direct practices at the port and literature review (library research) to reinforce the theoretical and regulatory foundations. The findings confirm that the shipping agency plays an important role in ensuring the efficiency of the port schedule. Nevertheless, in practice, the line-up preparation process faces several significant challenges. These obstacles include the limited authority of local agents in independently determining vessel plotting, restricted coordination meeting schedules, and the continued use of manual and inefficient communication methods. This lack of integrated communication often leads to inaccuracies in the initial line-up preparation, forcing agents to recalculate the previously arranged vessel positions. The conclusion of this study suggests the need for developing an integrated system that facilitates real-time communication and reporting to all relevant agencies. Adopting a digital system will enhance process efficiency, ensure proper documentation, and minimize errors, thereby accelerating the vessel plotting coordination process in the field.

This research was conducted with the aim of optimizing the assignment of working hours in the Procurement Division of PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal through the application of the Hungarian method. The fundamental problem faced is the imbalance between the number of permanent workers and the high workload that must be completed, thus creating a risk of inefficiency in the operational process. To address this problem, a quantitative approach was used with linear programming modeling techniques designed to produce a more systematic and measurable assignment allocation. Through the analysis conducted, an optimal solution was obtained regarding the distribution of working hours, where the total working time can be reduced to 10,120 minutes per month, lower than the previously set maximum limit of 10,560 minutes per month. These results indicate that the application of the Hungarian method is not only able to reduce excessive workloads on some employees, but also ensures a more proportional distribution of assignments among all available workers. In addition, this method can increase operational effectiveness because each worker receives a load according to their capacity, so that the risk of fatigue or decreased performance can be minimized. The findings of this study confirm that the Hungarian method is an alternative work scheduling strategy that is efficient to be applied in industrial environments with high task complexity. Proper implementation can also support the achievement of overall company productivity, improve the quality of human resource management, and strengthen the company's competitiveness in facing future operational challenges.

Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) has rapidly gained popularity and is increasingly utilized across various fields, including education, where it plays a significant role as a supporting tool for academic tasks. In the educational context, ChatGPT can assist students in preparing and completing a wide range of assignments, providing quick access to structured information and alternative perspectives. This study was designed to explore the views of both students and lecturers on the integration of ChatGPT in academic activities, specifically as a support system for handling student assignments. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with 5 students and 6 lecturers from the Business Education Study Program at the State University of Surabaya. The findings reveal contrasting yet complementary perspectives. From the students’ point of view, ChatGPT offers considerable benefits, particularly in enhancing independence, efficiency, and time management when working on lecture assignments. However, these advantages are accompanied by drawbacks, such as decreased creativity, reduced critical thinking, and diminished interest in consulting traditional learning resources like books. On the other hand, lecturers acknowledge the usefulness of ChatGPT in simplifying student work and accelerating the completion of assignments but express concerns regarding the overreliance on artificial intelligence, which could potentially hinder the development of essential academic skills. Overall, the research suggests that while ChatGPT presents valuable opportunities to enhance learning processes, it must be applied thoughtfully, with careful guidance from educators to balance efficiency with the cultivation of creativity, critical thinking, and academic integrity.