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East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) possesses substantial natural resource potential across the agricultural, fisheries, renewable energy, and tourism sectors. However, their utilization remains largely unsustainable and continues to face challenges such as excessive resource exploitation, environmental degradation, limited infrastructure, and low human resource quality. This study aims to analyze the prospects and challenges of sustainable economic development in ENT by highlighting natural resource management and opportunities for developing new economic sectors based on innovation and local wisdom. The findings indicate that ENT has strategic opportunities in renewable energy development, sustainable tourism, and agricultural diversification, although these are constrained by weak governance, socio-economic inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, the economic transformation of ENT requires strengthened regulations, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and sustainability-oriented investment. The findings underscore the necessity of fostering a sustainable economic transformation in ENT that aligns with global environmental goals while respecting local traditions and resources. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and community stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable growth in the region.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Palangka Raya City in supporting the strengthening of democracy and public participation at the local level. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through documentary studies on regulations, internal policies of KPU, PPID service reports, and public information request data, enriched with observations of the information service mechanisms both offline and online. The results show that, normatively and structurally, the PPID of Palangka Raya City KPU has carried out its functions in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 14 of 2008 and KPU Regulation No. 22 of 2023. The information service procedures, response time limits, and the use of the E-PPID system reflect the institutional commitment to the principle of transparency. However, the level of utilization of public information services is still relatively low and dominated by the academic community, particularly students. Additionally, there have been no recorded requests for information from disabled groups, despite the provision of disability-friendly facilities. These findings indicate a gap between administrative information openness and substantive public participation. This study concludes that strengthening the role of PPID in the future should be directed toward public communication strategies, political education, and inclusive approaches so that information openness does not stop at regulatory compliance but can make a tangible contribution to the consolidation of a participatory and just local democracy.

The growing demand for transparency, accountability, and measurable performance has transformed higher education institutions into complex public organizations required to deliver reliable and stakeholder-oriented services. Within this governance-driven environment, institutional governance plays a fundamental role in shaping service excellence and institutional legitimacy. Drawing on a public administration perspective, this study examines how governance dimensions influence academic service performance in higher education. This research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and institutional observations involving university leaders, academic administrators, faculty members, and students. The analysis focuses on governance dimensions—transparency, accountability, participation, effectiveness, and responsibility—and their integration into institutional systems such as performance management, quality assurance, and digital infrastructure. The findings reveal that governance frameworks are formally established through regulations and digital systems; however, their operational integration remains uneven. Transparency improves service reliability when supported by consistent information management, while accountability mechanisms tend to emphasize procedural compliance rather than performance-based evaluation. Stakeholder participation is institutionalized but largely consultative. The study concludes that service excellence in higher education is a governance-driven outcome that requires systemic alignment between governance principles, institutional capacity, and performance management processes. Strengthened governance integration enhances service reliability and institutional legitimacy.

The Regional Regulation Formation Agency (Bapemperda) is a legislative body under the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) that plays a key role in the creation of regional regulations. This study analyzes the function of the Bapemperda of the West Java Provincial DPRD in 2025 throughout the entire regulation formation process using a qualitative approach. The results show that Bapemperda carries out strategic tasks including the preparation of Propemperda (Regional Regulation Proposals), coordination and harmonization of Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda), monitoring discussions, and evaluating the content of the material. In 2025, Bapemperda established 10 Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda) (3 proposed by the DPRD and 7 proposed by the Governor). Bapemperda functions as a bridge for political communication and quality control of regional regulations. Its effectiveness is influenced by coordination, member professionalism, and consistent application of regulatory principles. Challenges faced include time constraints, complexity of substance, and political dynamics. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing the documentation system to support good governance.

Pancasila as the foundation of the state and the national ideology of Indonesia, has a very important function in shaping the moral values, ethics, as well as the attitudes and behavior of state officials. However, the reality of the persistent prevalence of corruption cases reflects a gap between the values contained in Pancasila and the practices of national and state life. This article aims to examine the implementation of Pancasila values in efforts to prevent and address corruption cases in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review method, conducted through an examination of laws and regulations, scientific journals, and various relevant literary sources. The discussion results show that each principle of Pancasila contains anti-corruption values, such as belief in God that instills honesty, humanitarian values that uphold justice, the value of unity that rejects the interests of certain groups, democratic values that emphasize trustworthiness, and the value of social justice for all Indonesian people. However, the implementation of these values has not been carried out optimally due to weak law enforcement and low moral awareness. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen Pancasila education, improve the integrity of state officials, and build a collective commitment to realize clean and just governance.

This research explores how monopoly markets operate in the context of a sharia-based microeconomy, with a primary focus on how prices are regulated based on the principle of adl or justice. Unlike traditional monopolies, which often create inefficiencies in resource allocation and exploit consumers, Islamic teachings require fair prices, in accordance with the Quran's prohibition of gharar (uncertainty) and zulm (oppression). Referring to the theories of Ibn Taymiyyah and modern thinkers such as Chapra, we examine how monopoly companies can achieve maslahah or mutual benefit through profit restrictions, combining prices with zakat, and supervision by a sharia council. Through a simple mathematical model, we prove that monopolies regulated by justice produce better Pareto outcomes than equilibria that only maximize profits, by reducing social losses while still encouraging innovation. Empirical data from Islamic markets in Indonesia, such as halal commodities, support these findings, where regulations can stabilize prices at 15-20% lower. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of Sharia principles in managing sustainable markets in developing countries, with policy recommendations to reform antitrust rules to align with the maqasid al-Shariah.

This study aims to analyze the factors determining the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia through a literature review approach. MSMEs make a significant contribution to the national economy, but their growth still faces various structural barriers. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that access to capital, human resource quality, managerial capacity, innovation, digitalization, marketing strategies, and government policies are the main factors influencing MSME growth. Limited capital and low financial literacy are dominant obstacles that hinder business expansion. Furthermore, weak managerial capacity and digital competency prevent many MSMEs from optimally exploiting market opportunities. Innovation and the use of digital technology have been proven to increase efficiency and marketing reach, but the adoption rate remains low. External factors such as government regulations, simplified licensing, and support from empowerment programs also play a significant role in creating a conducive business climate. This study emphasizes that MSME development requires a comprehensive approach that integrates internal aspects of business actors and structural government support. The research results are expected to serve as a reference for academics, policymakers, and MSME actors in formulating more effective development strategies.

This study aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of Islamic monetary policy in Indonesia in facing digital transformation, particularly through the instruments of Sertifikat Bank Indonesia Syariah (SBIS) and Sukuk Bank Indonesia (SukBI). The digital transformation of the national financial system demands an adaptive monetary policy that remains grounded in the principles of maqashid shariah. In the context of Islamic economics, monetary policy not only functions to regulate the money supply and maintain price stability but also ensures the realization of justice and economic welfare. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using literature-based data collection from official publications of Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and relevant academic references on Islamic monetary policy. The analysis adopts an inductive approach by examining the roles of SBIS and Sukuk BI in supporting the stability of the Islamic financial system and their alignment with maqashid shariah values such as al-‘adl (justice), al-wudhuh (transparency), and ar-rawaj (circulation of wealth). The findings indicate that digitalization has positively impacted the efficiency and transparency of Islamic monetary instruments, where SBIS plays a role in regulating the liquidity of Islamic banks in a non-usurious manner, while Sukuk BI serves as an essential instrument in maintaining national economic stability. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including the limited digital infrastructure for Islamic finance and the need to strengthen regulations to ensure that digital monetary systems remain consistent with sharia principles.

Local governments play a strategic role in public service delivery and are required to undertake rapid, systematic, and sustainable institutional and governance transformation. These demands arise in response to changes in the organizational environment, regulatory developments, and increasing public expectations regarding the quality, effectiveness, and accountability of public services. Improving the capacity of human resources, particularly those managing services and complaints, is a crucial factor in ensuring professional, adaptive, and technology-based services. However, issues with staff competency are still found in public service institutions that interact directly with the public, particularly at the sub-district level. In an effort to improve the quality of public administration services, the government established the Integrated Sub-district Administrative Services (PATEN) policy as stipulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 4 of 2010. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PATEN policy in Sawangan District, Depok City, using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. The results indicate that the implementation of PATEN has generally been effective, marked by the fulfillment of substantive, administrative, and technical aspects, and supported by clear regulations. However, public complaint services have not been optimal due to technical constraints in the website-based complaint system.

This study examines the transformation of Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) in East Java within the context of Indonesia's flexible economy era, particularly following the enactment of the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja No. 6/2023). The research analyzes the legal protection challenges faced by contract and outsourcing workers in East Java Province from 2020–2025. Using a normative juridical approach combined with empirical data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Manpower, this study reveals that despite regulatory improvements, significant gaps remain in the implementation of labor protection. Key findings indicate that contract workers in East Java, estimated at 59.17% of the informal workforce in 2024, face uncertainties regarding contract duration, compensation rights, and social security. The study recommends strengthening supervision mechanisms, clarifying regulations on gig economy workers, and enhancing bipartite negotiation processes to ensure balanced protection between business flexibility and workers' fundamental rights, while also promoting legal certainty and sustainable employment relations in the regional labor market.

This research aims to normatively analyze the role and implementation of public participation in the legislative process, specifically concerning the formation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) Law. Public participation is an essential principle in a democratic state, ensuring the legitimacy, transparency, and accountability of legal products. This normative review focuses on the legal framework governing community participation in law making, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations. The analysis reveals a gap between the ideal normative principle of meaningful participation and the empirical practice in the legislation of the TNI Law. Legislative processes involving the defense and security sector are often overshadowed by issues of secrecy and limited information accessibility, thereby impeding substantial public participation. It is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework and establish more open, inclusive, and continuous mechanisms to ensure that public aspirations and interests, including those of civil society groups and academics, are adequately considered at every stage of law formation, especially for strategic legislation like the TNI Law.

The increasing poverty rate in West Bandung Regency has encouraged BAZNAS to introduce the Z-Mart programme, which provides business capital assistance as an effort to improve community income. The effectiveness of the programme is assessed based on its ability to achieve predetermined targets and comply with organisational regulations. This study adopts a quantitative approach, involving 151 mustahik as the population, with 61 mustahik selected as the sample to complete the questionnaire. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of zakat fund distribution on mustahik income in the Z-Mart programme implemented by BAZNAS of West Bandung Regency. Data analysis using SPSS version 25.0 indicates that the independent variable (X) contributes 59.8 per cent, and that the effectiveness of zakat distribution has a significant effect on mustahik income (R-square = 0.357). Regression analysis reveals that a one-point increase in distribution effectiveness contributes to a positive increase of 0.814 points in mustahik income. The t-test results show that the calculated t-value (5.725) exceeds the critical t-value (1.671), indicating acceptance of the alternative hypothesis and rejection of the null hypothesis. Therefore, this study concludes that the distribution of zakat funds through the Z-Mart programme is effective in improving the income level of mustahik in BAZNAS of West Bandung Regency.

This study explores how the drafting process of the Bill (RUU) for the Revision of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), which was approved to become Law Number 3 of 2025, occurred amidst massive public protests, with an emphasis on violations of the principles of openness, participation, and accountability as regulated in the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations. The public's rejection illustrates the potential for abusive law making, threats to civilian dominance, and the possibility of a return to the dual function of the military from the New Order period, supported by protests, petitions from civil society organizations such as NU, WALHI, and KONTRAS, as well as an application for constitutional review to the Constitutional Court. Adopting the perspective of Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy and Weber’s concept of legitimacy, this research asserts that the argument for the annulment of this Bill is growing stronger, in order to uphold democratic law making and the protection of human rights.

The authority of the Religious Courts in Indonesia has undergone substantial transformation since the enactment of the 1974 Marriage Law, which serves as a foundational milestone in harmonizing the national legal system on family matters. Prior to this legislation, the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts was limited and influenced by legal dualism among customary law, Islamic law, and Western civil law inherited from the colonial period. This article examines how the Marriage Law initiated a shift in the structure and legitimacy of the Religious Courts and how their jurisdictional expansion reached a more comprehensive form through Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts and its subsequent amendments under Law No. 3 of 2006 and Law No. 50 of 2009. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations, academic literature, and Islamic legal doctrines. The findings show that the Marriage Law provided the initial legal foundation for strengthening the Religious Courts' authority in handling family disputes, which was later expanded significantly to include inheritance, wills, grants, endowments (wakaf), alms (zakat), charitable donations (infaq and sadaqah), and Islamic economic matters during the legal reform era. This transformation not only reinforced the institutional structure of the Religious Courts but also improved access to justice for Muslim communities and supported the integration of Islamic law into Indonesia’s national legal framework. Therefore, the development of the Religious Courts’ authority after the Marriage Law reflects the dynamic modernization of the legal system and the harmonization between religious values and the rule of law in Indonesia.

This research explores the development of a participatory governance model for community based waste management systems, aiming to enhance both legal compliance and public social welfare outcomes. Community based waste management (CBWM) plays a critical role in addressing environmental and health challenges, yet its success is often hindered by weak governance structures, limited community involvement, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. The study introduces a governance model that integrates local community participation into decision making processes, encouraging ownership and responsibility among residents. The primary goal is to improve compliance with environmental regulations while promoting social welfare by fostering better public health and community cohesion. A review of literature highlights key theories of participatory governance, focusing on its ability to enhance legal adherence and increase social equity. Previous studies on CBWM demonstrate the potential of community involvement in overcoming barriers to legal compliance, such as weak enforcement and fragmented governance. However, challenges like inadequate infrastructure, socio economic factors, and cultural habits still impede full participation and compliance. The study utilizes a mixed methods approach, including stakeholder analysis, participatory workshops, and regulatory compliance assessments, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The results show that communities involved in participatory governance exhibit higher compliance with waste management laws, improved sanitation, and healthier living conditions. Furthermore, the model fosters social capital and community empowerment, contributing to long term sustainability. In comparison to centralized waste management systems, the participatory approach is found to be more adaptable, accountable, and socially accepted. While the model presents several benefits, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and cultural barriers remain. Future research should further investigate how to address these challenges, particularly through technological integration and cross sector collaborations, to ensure the scalability and sustainability of the participatory governance model.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

The Attorney General's Office plays a strategic role as a neutral facilitator that initiates, leads, and oversees the peace process, from peace offers and mediation to the issuance of a suspension of prosecution based on Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020, while still considering the best interests of children, the restoration of social relations, and the legal benefits for all parties. This approach is considered effective in minimizing the traumatic impact of formal judicial proceedings on children while encouraging the social reintegration of perpetrators. However, the implementation of restorative justice still faces internal obstacles, such as limited operational regulations, the understanding and capacity of law enforcement officials, and suboptimal infrastructure. On the other hand, external obstacles arise from low public awareness of the law, a tendency to demand severe punishment, and a culture that emphasizes pride, which hinders the acceptance of peaceful resolutions. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening regulations, improving the competence of officials, optimizing the function of Restorative Justice Houses, and intensifying public awareness so that the application of restorative justice in cases of child abuse is not only a procedural alternative but truly functions as a fair and sustainable recovery mechanism.

Background: The rapid development of financial technology and the increasing volume of cross-border transactions have led to the emergence of increasingly complex digital financial crimes, involving anonymous actors and exploiting regulatory gaps and jurisdictional differences. This condition poses serious challenges to legal systems, particularly in terms of digital evidence, the attribution of legal liability, and the effectiveness of cross-border law enforcement. Objective: This study aims to reconstruct the framework of civil and criminal liability in digital fraud cases to make it more adaptive, integrated, and responsive to technological developments. Method: The research employs a qualitative socio-legal approach, combining normative analysis of cybercrime regulations, case studies of international digital fraud, comparative analysis of legal systems across countries, and interviews with legal practitioners and fintech regulators. Results: The findings reveal significant legal gaps, regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions, and weaknesses in electronic evidence systems that hinder effective law enforcement. Additionally, the complexity of actors and technologies within digital ecosystems complicates the accurate attribution of legal responsibility. Therefore, an integrated legal framework is required, incorporating both civil and criminal liability, international regulatory harmonization, and the utilization of technology to enhance law enforcement effectiveness.

Background: Criminal justice reform has become a crucial global issue in maintaining the balance between the protection of individual rights and state authority, particularly amid the increasing complexity of law enforcement and the risk of abuse of power. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the principles of due process of law, legal accountability, and the rule of law within criminal justice systems, as well as to compare their implementation in common law and civil law systems. Methods: This research employs a normative and comparative approach through the analysis of legal regulations, criminal justice practices, case studies of procedural violations, and cross-country comparisons, supported by interviews with academics and legal practitioners. Results: The findings indicate that although the principles of due process, legal accountability, and the rule of law are widely recognized, their implementation still faces significant challenges, including weak oversight, procedural inconsistencies, and limited institutional capacity. The comparative analysis also reveals a growing convergence between common law and civil law systems in adopting human rights-based standards, despite differences in procedural approaches. This study concludes that the holistic integration of these three principles is essential to establish a fair, transparent, and accountable criminal justice system.

This study explores the integration of customary law and government regulations in environmental protection, emphasizing the role of community perceptions in shaping effective legal frameworks. Marginal ecosystems, such as coastal areas, urban fringes, and sacred natural sites, often face vulnerability due to fragmented governance systems that fail to coordinate customary practices with formal legal structures. The research investigates how integrating local traditions and state regulations can enhance biodiversity conservation, improve community engagement, and ensure the long term sustainability of environmental management efforts. Findings reveal that when customary laws are formally recognized and incorporated into state regulations, they significantly enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of conservation policies. Communities in regions like Bali, Indonesia, and Pacific Islands have shown that hybrid legal approaches, which respect traditional ecological knowledge, result in greater participation and trust in conservation activities. However, challenges such as administrative complexity, lack of standardized guidelines, and the need for adequate funding and support for community based governance hinder the full potential of this integration. The study highlights the importance of simplifying legal processes and fostering mutual understanding between customary practices and formal regulations to achieve successful ecosystem protection. This research emphasizes the need for policy reforms that ensure the inclusion of customary law in environmental governance frameworks, ultimately promoting a more inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable approach to managing marginal ecosystems.