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Indonesia possesses vast forest areas with great potential. On the other hand, before the establishment of the Indonesian state, indigenous communities already exercised control over forests in the Indonesian territory based on customary rights. Therefore, the existence and customary rights of indigenous communities over forests are recognized in the Constitution. However, in reality, there are still many indigenous communities that their rights to the forests they have managed for generations have not been fully acknowledged, one of them is Cireundeu indigenous community. The lack of recognition causes these communities to face issues related to their customary rights over the forests.In fact, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia actually guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples regarding their forest. One way to realize that rights is by declarating customary forests for the indigenous communities of Cireundeu. This research examines the importance of the declaration of customary forests for the Cireundeu Indigenous Community in light of the rights of indigenous communities guaranteed by the Constitution. This research is a normative legal study. The approaches used are the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this research indicate that the declaration of customary forests for the indigenous communities of Cireundeu is crucial to ensure their constitutional rights to be recognized and respected, along with their traditional rights, to achieve well-being, particularly in terms of food security, to protect their cultural identity, and to safeguard a healthy and sustainable environment.

In today's modern era, all activities are beyond what is called technological progress, social media is now not only a medium to communicate but can also be a medium that can do investment activities. Man is called a creature homo economics (mahkluk ekonomi). This term is then now understood by most people with the meaning of a creature whose primary purpose in life is to seek profit. With the development of this era all investment activities can be done easily based on digital social media or online, one of the investment activities that can be made with online is online earnings, earnings in general is the activity of collecting money in groups formed by a member then determined how many times in a day or a week spend a month in such collection. after the money is collected then it is determined who will get the first number lottery to the end. With the development of this era online arisan activities are now also not only supported by adults but also by young people, for young people online Arisan becomes an investment choice because of the mechanisms that are quite easy, efficient, and encouraging, but not a little maintenance of this online aryan runs smoothly one of the cases of disadvantage against online arsan. The aim of this study is to find out the conclusion of a misconduct in an online arisan agreement between Umi Barokah (claimant I), Susanti (claimed II), Fransisca Irene Miranda Putty (claimer III), Erfira Meyer (claimsant IV) and the accused namely Anggie Nadia under Judgment No. 32./Pdt.G/2020/PN. Tpg. Based on the research used, the specifications of the research are descriptive. Juridical-normative, legislative, informal, and case approaches. Data collection techniques used are document studies and literature studies, with methods of data analysis normative-qualitative. Based on the results of the analysis of the settlement of non- performance in the online derivative agreement in the judgment No. 12/Pdt.G/2020/PN. Tpg, the judge's assembly rejected the petitioners' claims in its entirety because they did not meet the subjective conditions of the agreement, and the objective valid condition of an agreement is that there is no particular thing, and cause is not legal that is contrary to the law.  

The crime of maltreatment is a deliberate act that causes injury, pain or even death to a person. However, efforts to resolve minor persecution crimes can be done through Restorative Justice. Restorative Justice can be done through mediation of victims of persecution. This research formulates the problem of knowing how the legal arrangements by the Prosecutor's Office on Restorative Justice and knowing how the efforts and obstacles to overcoming persecution crimes based on Restorative Justice by the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. This research method is through empirical juridical research with field studies at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office related to countermeasures against criminal acts of persecution based on Restorative Justice. The data collection technique used by the author in this research is Field Research, which includes data sourced from interviews with the Public Prosecutor at the North Padang Lawas State Attorney's Office. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis. The process of applying Restorative Justice in the crime of persecution in the North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office is carried out by means of the Public Prosecutor offering peace efforts to the victim and suspect. Based on cases that meet the criteria for Restorative Justice, the State Attorney's Office will write to the High Prosecutor's Office and the Deputy Attorney General's Office for General Crimes to seek approval for Restorative Justice. The North Padang Lawas District Attorney's Office prioritizes peace between victims and perpetrators in resolving cases of light maltreatment by involving the families of both parties, such as community leaders, without any pressure, coercion, or intimidation from the Public Prosecutor who acts as a facilitator.

This article discusses the Public Relations (PR) strategies implemented by the Department of Communication and Informatics (Diskominfo) of Binjai City to enhance the positive image of the Binjai City Government. This study adopts a qualitative approach, analyzing primary data from interviews with the head of the news and audiovisual division and the IKP (Public Communication and Information) team members of Diskominfo Binjai, along with secondary data from related documents. The analysis reveals that Diskominfo Binjai has employed various PR strategies, including information campaigns, social media activities, public events, and collaboration with local mass media. It was also found that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) is an integral part of their PR strategy. This study highlights the importance of PR in building and maintaining a positive image of local government in the current digital era, particularly concerning sensitive issues.

The problem of recidivist narcotics is a significant complex issue in Indonesia, including in Batam Class IIA Prison. This phenomenon raises concerns because of its negative impact on society and social stability. This study aims to analyze the juridical factors that encourage recidivism of narcotics crimes and identify obstacles in the implementation of rehabilitation programs in Batam Class IIA Prison. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical sociology. The normative juridical method is used to analyze various laws and regulations that are the legal basis for handling recidivism, such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Meanwhile, empirical sociological methods are used to collect data through interviews and direct observations in the field to understand the implementation of rehabilitation programs and social factors that contribute to recidivism. The results of the study show that weaknesses in the criminal justice system, lack of post-release support, social stigma, and an unsupportive social environment are the main factors that encourage recidivists. A justice system that focuses more on punishment than rehabilitation leads to a lack of effective rehabilitation programs. Minimal post-liberation support, such as difficulty finding work and housing, also contributes to high rates of recidivism. Social stigma and discrimination exacerbate the condition of ex-convicts, hindering them from reintegrating into society. An unstable social environment, especially one with easy access to narcotics, is also a driving factor for recidivism. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions, including increasing the number and quality of professionals in the field of rehabilitation, adjusting skills training programs to be relevant to the needs of the job market, and closer cooperation between law enforcement agencies, the government, and the community in supporting the reintegration of former prisoners. It is hoped that these suggestions can help reduce recidivism rates and increase the effectiveness of the penitentiary system in Indonesia.  

This study evaluates the role of the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency of Bandar Lampung City in repairing Jalan Nusa Indah Raya, Waydadi Baru Village, Sukarame District, Bandar Lampung City, based on Bandar Lampung Mayor Regulation Number 43 of 2021. The focus of the study is the implementation of Article 9 of the regulation and the review of siyāsah tanfiżiyah on the role of the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency in road repairs. This study uses a field research method with qualitative descriptive analysis, collecting primary and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that the role of the Public Works Agency, especially the Road sector, in providing road infrastructure repair services is not optimal. This can be seen from the long-term road damage and the slow repair response. The review of siyāsah tanfiżiyah shows that the implementation of road repairs by the Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency of Bandar Lampung City is not in accordance with the applicable siyāsah tanfiżiyah principles.  

Terrorism is a theme that invites the attention of many in the academics to examine the main ­aspects of ideology, theology, networks and movements. At this time, terrorism has become a global phenomenon. Terrorism has penetrated almost every country in the world, including Indonesia. As in other areas, terrorism in Indonesia also has the basics of theology and ideology and networks so that it has a strong resistance. Until recently, terrorism became one of the challenges and threats to national security. This article is to examine the development of terrorism in Indonesia, which focuses on aspects of theology, ideology and movement.      

Batam as an industrial area which development is carried out by the Batam Island Industrial Area Development Authority agency, has also been expanded into an autonomous region which later give birth to the Batam City Government. The existence of these two government agencies then creates problems in the management of Batam City in the form of overlapping / dualism of authority. To overcome this problem, the government then issued a new breakthrough by setting the Head of the Batam Concession Agency to be held ex-officio by the Mayor of Batam in the hope that the implementation of his duties and authority would be more effective. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis research is first, the implementation of the Mayor of Batam ex Officio Head of Business Agency. Second, the ideal arrangement for the relationship between the Batam City Government and the Business Agency and third, obstacles in the implementation of ex officio. This type of research can be classified into the juridical sociological research type, because it wants to see the correlation between the law and what happens in the field so as to reveal the effectiveness of the law's application. With the research location located at the Batam Concession Agency and the Batam City Government. This research uses data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data, and data collection techniques are carried out by means of interviews, questionnaires and literature review. From the study, there are three main points that can be concluded. First, the Mayor of Batam, Muhammad Rudi, succeeded in implementing the central government's decision regarding the position of Head of the Batam Business Agency, concurrently ex-officio by the Mayor of Batam. Second, it is necessary to study Government Regulation Number 41 of 2021. and third, social problems, such as illegal houses, unemployment, crime, and others, arise as a result of inequality, public policy, inability to compete and others. As for the advice from the author; First, the need for Human Resource governance to support the duties and functions of each work unit Second, the need to re-assess/test the material of government regulation number 41 of 2021 and third, the need to develop IT innovation in the context of improving services and reporting.

This study aims to discuss the important role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in poverty reduction efforts in Indonesia. Poverty is a complex and multidimensional social problem that requires a comprehensive approach to overcome its challenges. MSMEs, as the backbone of the Indonesian economy, have great potential to be agents of change in reducing poverty levels. The subjects of this study are MSMEs that contribute to poverty reduction in Indonesia. The data collection technique in this study uses a library technique that takes multiple sources as references such as books, national journals, etc. The results of this study suggest that it can serve as a basis for developing sustainable policies to support MSMEs as one of the strategic solutions to overcome poverty in Indonesia.

Children are the future generation of the nation that must be protected, especially when dealing with the law. The difficult navigation route passed by children who are suspects of criminal acts has depicted sadness in children that can disturb the child's mental state, in order to avoid this possibility, another method has emerged in child criminal acts, namely restorative justice (diversion) which is in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedy in criminal law. This study aims to understand the concept of implementing restorative justice which is associated with the principle of ultimum remedy, where this study works using qualitative methods and is sorted in descriptive, so that concrete solutions can be found regarding the matter being studied. The results of this study found a match between the concept of restorative justice and the principle in criminal law, namely ultimum remedy where criminal witnesses are the last step in handling child criminal acts. However, in its application, several obstacles were found, one of which was due to the different meanings of justice between the parties.    

Sexual harassment is a serious issue affecting individual well-being and societal integrity. Although Indonesia has implemented various policies to protect victims of sexual harassment, their effectiveness in safeguarding victims and enforcing the law remains a primary concern, as challenges in implementation often hinder the achievement of effective protection goals. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia, analyze the challenges faced in implementation, and provide recommendations for improvement. The research employs a normative legal method with a document analysis approach. Data were collected through literature review, analysis of legislation, policy documents, and relevant case studies. Qualitative analysis was conducted to assess the successes and weaknesses of the protection policies. The study shows that, despite an adequate legal framework, the effectiveness of sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia is limited by several factors. Major challenges include inconsistent law enforcement, lack of socialization and education, social stigma preventing victims from reporting, and resource limitations. Case studies indicate that many sexual harassment cases are not taken seriously, whether in the workplace, educational institutions, or domestic contexts. Sexual harassment protection policies in Indonesia require significant improvements in socialization, law enforcement training, and resource enhancement. Reforms in reporting procedures and law enforcement are also needed to increase the effectiveness of protection and ensure justice for victims. Better collaboration between the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is necessary to create a more comprehensive and responsive protection system.

Body composition refers to the distribution of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the human body, which is often expressed as a percentage of total body weight consisting of fat mass and lean body mass. Obesity, characterized by excess fat in adipose tissue, poses a significant health risk and is increasing in countries with low and medium mortality rates, especially in metropolitan areas. Factors contributing to this include genetics, a lack of physical activity, socioeconomic status, unhealthy eating patterns, psychosocial factors, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Excess body fat significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Although optimal body fat levels vary, excess fat increases the risk of health issues such as joint problems and cardiovascular disease. People widely use bioimpedance analysis (BIA), an efficient, non-invasive method, to assess nutritional status and body composition. This activity uses the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) method, which is carried out at PT. Narindo, North Jakarta, in the productive age population. The examination results showed that the average levels of total body fat, visceral fat, total subcutaneous fat, total muscle mass were 28.6%; 11%; 22.2%; 28.3%. Early detection of body composition is critical for assessing nutritional and health status as well as diagnosing disease, potentially reducing obesity-related morbidity and mortality.

The widespread movement of terrorism throughout the world is clear evidence that terrorist organizations are always developing and adapting to phenomena that occur globally. deradicalization is needed to neutralize the threat of terrorism from individuals who are motivated by religious ideology. In this writing, we will focus on the deradicalization of terrorism convicts in Indonesia. Radicalism is political ideas that are rooted and based on doctrines developed in opposition to the status quo . The deradicalization program in Indonesia consists of various approaches aimed at terrorism convicts. Terrorist groups continue to spread their radical beliefs through various means. Deradicalization as a form of special guidance for terrorism convicts is in accordance with the aim of the correctional system to return inmates to become good citizens so that they can be accepted back into society.      

Marriage is an important event where humans, as social beings, need partners to fulfill their life needs. In marriage, legal standards are necessary to regulate the family's rights, obligations, and responsibilities to build a happy and prosperous family. Every married couple aspires to have offspring, which is considered a trust from Allah SWT. This research aims to provide a deep understanding of the implementation of maqasid syariah in court decisions related to child custody post-divorce, which is expected to serve as a reference for legal practitioners and academics. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to analyze the decision of the Lahat Religious Court Number 685/Pdt.G/2022/PA.LT, with data obtained through court decision documentation and literature related to maqasid syariah and Islamic law. The analysis was conducted in the context of the principles of maqasid syariah, especially the aspects of hifz al-nafs (preservation of life) and hifz al-nasl (preservation of lineage). The results of the study show that the judge granted custody to the father because the mother was deemed unable to provide adequate care. The judge's considerations align with the principles of maqasid syariah, which emphasize the importance of the child's physical and mental well-being. The research concludes that the principles of maqasid al-syariah can be applied in the modern judicial system to ensure the child's best interests in custody cases, demonstrating that the welfare and safety of the child must be the primary priority in any legal decision.

This research aims to determine the effect of live music and café atmosphere on customer satisfaction at Legi Pait Food & Coffee Surakarta. This research uses quantitative research methods. The population in this research were customers of Legi Pait Food and Coffee Surakarta and the samples in this research was 67 respondents using simple random sampling. The variables usen in this research are Live Music, Café Atmosphere and Customer Satisfaction. The data used in this research is primary data. The data collection method used was a questionnaire in the form of a Google Form. The result of this research show that live music has a positive and significant effect on customer atisfaction, café atmosphere has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and live music and café atmosphere simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.    

The study is entitled The Development of The Indonesian State Law and Its Implications in The Dimension of The Rule of Law. This research begins with the formulation of Article 1 paragraph (3) of UUD 1945 which states that “The State of Indonesia is a state of law”. Described as a rule of law, Indonesia is responsible for always following the law as a means of achieving its goals. The law of the State that regulates the administration, government and institutions of the state is regarded as the foremost guard in achieving the ideals of a country. In its history, the Indonesian Civil Code has passed through many dynamics of all time and has arrived at the present time to dedicate its functions. However, the unavoidable development of the world makes the law including the Law of the State must always adapt to various developments. However, in its implementation the law of the state has always faced with various implications. For that, this study was written with the primary purpose of finding out how the Law of State Order has implicated its development in the modern era in the dimension of the rule of law. In completing his research, this paper uses the method of research of the juridic study with the data collection system of the study of the library.

Supervision in regional government governance is very important to create effective, efficient and transparent government. Pangandaran District faces major challenges in supervision, including low transparency, community participation, misalignment of program planning and implementation, and low accountability. This research analyzes the effectiveness of supervision in Pangandaran, identifying obstacles, and providing recommendations for improvement. Using qualitative methods and literature studies, the research results show the need for increased transparency, community participation, harmonized planning and accountability. Implementation of these recommendations is expected to improve government governance and increase public trust.

This research analyzes the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 14 of 2023 concerning Carbon Trading through the Carbon Exchange, particularly related to the implementation of the principle of efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology employed is normative research with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, along with the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials through literature study and syllogistic methods. The findings indicate that the principles of good legislative regulation and the principle of legality have not been optimally implemented, hindering the efficiency of carbon trading. Identified obstacles include the type, hierarchy, and substance of the regulation, the institutional framework governing carbon trading, and contradictions within the regulation. The research recommends that carbon trading be regulated under a specific law with a dedicated body focusing on this issue, along with adherence to the principles of good legislative formation. The author advises the government, through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Financial Services Authority, to review carbon trading regulations, optimize the authority of the governing body, and ensure that the principle of efficiency is fulfilled.    

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Indonesia serve as strategic instruments to attract domestic and foreign investments and accelerate economic growth in specific regions. Legal certainty within SEZs, encompassing regulatory stability, transparent licensing procedures, and effective legal protection, plays a crucial role in shaping investor perceptions and decisions. This research employs a normative juridical research method, focusing on the study of applicable legal norms or rules to analyze, interpret, and examine relevant legal principles. The findings indicate that investor perceptions of legal certainty are significantly influenced by regulatory complexity and consistency, transparent licensing procedures, and adequate legal protections. Investors tend to favor investment environments offering clear regulations, efficient licensing processes, and robust legal protections to mitigate investment risks. Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance regulatory transparency and consistency, streamline licensing processes, strengthen legal protections, and improve investor education on SEZ regulations and legal protections. These steps are expected to enhance the attractiveness of SEZs as competitive and sustainable investment destinations, contributing significantly to regional economic growth.

Illegal mining in Indonesia isn't it things we just heard, In fact, illegal mining has become widespread in almost every region potentially rich in minerals. Illegal mining is the most common found is mining gold. Mining gold illegal or often in short for PETI (Unlicensed Gold Mining) is a mine amount pollution material the mine most tall. In Indonesia, gold mining without a permit is considered an unlawful activity, especially because miners do not have a mining business permit as a business entity. They do not pay taxes and royalties which are sources of state income from mining activities. Their activities also often cause social unrest and environmental damage. One that has gold mines is Jambi Province, precisely in the Merangin Regency area. Gold mines in this district are not only found on land but also in river basins (DAS). Merangin Police have carried out many prevention and law enforcement efforts to deal with mining activities without permits.