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The background of this study is based on the absence of formal pantomime learning in the curriculum or in extracurricular activities, but the school is able to achieve achievements in pantomime competitions. This study aims to examine the pantomime teaching strategy at SMPN 1 Kawali in improving student creativity as preparation for facing pantomime competitions between students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analytical approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation and literature studies. The subjects of this study were art and culture teachers and students who were prepared as participants in the pantomime competition. The results of this study indicate that the teaching strategies applied include: (1) Application of a scientific approach and application of the discovery learning method, experimental method, drill method, demonstration method, (2) talent search selection strategy through NMB (Nesaka Mencari Bakat) activities and dance extracurricular activities, (3) competition strategy which includes the stages of introducing basic pantomime concepts, exploring themes and storylines, designing movements and development, intensive training and periodic evaluation of student abilities in terms of expression, movement techniques and creativity. All of these strategies have been proven to be able to improve student creativity, prepare them optimally for competition, and produce achievements in pantomime competitions.                                                                                 

The rejection of isbat nikah applications in religious court practice, particularly in the context of polygamy, is a complex issue with far-reaching implications for the legal status of marriage, the rights of wives and children, and legal certainty. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations of the panel of judges in rejecting the application for isbat nikah polygamy at the Kwandang Religious Court and to examine the legal consequences arising from the rejection. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a case approach, which is analyzed based on primary data in the form of court decisions and interviews with judges and related parties, and secondary data in the form of legal literature, legislation, and relevant legal journals. The results show that the rejection of polygamous marriage isbat nikah applications is generally caused by the non-fulfillment of substantive requirements as stipulated in Pasal 4 and 5 of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 concerning Marriage jo. Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), such as the absence of permission from the first wife or the lack of proof of the reasons that allow polygamy. The legal consequences of this rejection include the formal non-recognition of the legal status of the second marriage, which has an impact on the non-fulfillment of the civil rights of the second wife and the children born, such as inheritance rights and citizenship status. This study recommends the need to strengthen legal education to the community as well as harmonization between state law and religious law to ensure the legal protection of women and children in the context of polygamy.

Pretrial proceedings play a strategic role in Indonesia's criminal justice system as a judicial oversight mechanism to ensure the legality of law enforcement actions and the protection of suspects’ human rights. In corruption cases, however, pretrial motions are often exploited as procedural loopholes to invalidate ongoing investigations due to the absence of rigid legal standards and inconsistent interpretations by judges sometimes extending into the merits of the case, which should fall outside the scope of pretrial jurisdiction. This study examines the ideal concept of pretrial review using a normative juridical approach, emphasizing the due process of law principle, the primacy of lex specialis under Article 26A of the Anti-Corruption Law, and its harmonization with the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The research concludes that pretrial mechanisms should function solely as limited judicial review, restricted to evaluating procedural legality. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of establishing Preliminary Examination Judges (Hakim Pemeriksa Pendahuluan) as proposed in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code. These judges would proactively supervise investigative actions, ensuring procedural compliance and minimizing the misuse of pretrial remedies by corruption suspects. Strengthening normative frameworks and judicial guidelines is thus essential to foster coherent, fair rulings and support the integrity and effectiveness of anti-corruption law enforcement.

This study aims to compare two main theories in modern cosmology, namely the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory, using a descriptive cosmographic approach. This study is motivated by the lack of deep understanding as well as the limited Indonesian literature discussing the fundamental differences between the two theories. By employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research examines the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each theory based on the latest scientific evidence and cosmographic perspectives. The analysis results show that the Big Bang Theory has strong support from observational evidence, such as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), galaxy redshift, and the distribution of light elements, which reinforces the narrative of the expansion and evolution of the universe. In contrast, the Steady State Theory is considered less relevant due to the absence of observational evidence for the creation of new matter and its inability to explain structure and the dynamics of the universe that are currently observed.

The community service activity was carried out in Lima Puluh Subdistrict, Batu Bara Regency. The partner in this activity was the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Development Agency. The main problem faced by the partner is the absence of an official slaughterhouse building in Batu Bara Regency. Until now, only independently managed slaughterhouses owned by the community have been used as animal slaughtering facilities. However, these slaughterhouses can only accommodate a limited number of slaughters. Moreover, issues related to poor meat hygiene and cross-contamination during slaughtering and packaging processes for consumer distribution are still frequently encountered. The solution to this problem is to establish an official slaughterhouse in Batu Bara Regency that meets both administrative and technical requirements. The purpose of this activity is to provide understanding to the community and stakeholders regarding the utilization of an official slaughterhouse and the importance of having a standardized slaughterhouse. The expected outcomes of this community service activity are: (1) to increase public knowledge in Batu Bara Regency regarding the importance of RPH utilization, (2) to enhance awareness of providing meat that is Safe, Healthy, Whole, and Halal (ASUH), and (3) to provide recommendations to the local government regarding the planning and development of an official slaughterhouse.

This study aims to examine the effect of interaction frequency among 2023 cohort Sharia Accounting students on the effectiveness of online learning. The research was motivated by the increasing implementation of online classes, especially during lecturer absences or national holidays. A quantitative approach was applied through a questionnaire distributed to students. Data were analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, and One Way ANOVA tests. The results indicate that although students showed a reasonable frequency of interaction, there was no significant effect on learning effectiveness. This suggests that interaction alone may not be the key factor in successful online learning. Other elements such as motivation, teaching methods, and learning environment may also play an important role. The study recommends that students engage more consistently in class and that lecturers develop more engaging and interactive online learning strategies.

Local taxes are one of the main components of PAD which have a strategic role in realizing fiscal independence and supporting regional development. This study aims to analyze tax management in an effort to increase Local Original Income in Supiori Regency. The study was conducted at the Regional Revenue Agency of Supiori Regency, related to the management of local taxes in Supiori Regency. The type of research that will be used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in managing local taxes in Supiori Regency include low taxpayer awareness, minimal socialization, the absence of supporting regulations, technical obstacles in the field during collection, and limited budget support.

College students, as a group of young adults, often face life transitions that involve academic, emotional, social, and economic pressures. One of the effects of these pressures is smoking behavior. According to pre-survey data, most college students who are active smokers consume 5-10 cigarettes per day. These students admitted to having tried to quit smoking at least once, but their efforts were unsuccessful, and they returned to their old habits. This difficulty indicates challenges in self-control. Participants in this study were active smokers across Indonesia, with a minimum consumption of 5–10 cigarettes per day. This study is quantitative in nature, using a self-control scale and a nicotine dependence scale to determine the absence of self-control influence on nicotine addiction. Data analysis in this study was conducted using simple linear regression analysis, yielding a p-value of 0.070 (>0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that self-control does not significantly influence addiction in the study sample.

This study aims to assess the feasibility of facilities and infrastructure at the Dok IX Flats (Rumah Susun) located in Tanjung Ria Sub-district, North Jayapura District, Jayapura City, based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-1733-2004, as well as residents’ perceptions. The research uses a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through field observations and questionnaires distributed to 43 respondents using the Likert scale. The results show that, in general, the housing complex is considered feasible, with an average score of 70 or 76.1%. Facilities such as education, health, worship, green open space, road access, and drainage are considered adequate. However, inconsistencies were found in the disaster mitigation system. Although categorized as "Feasible," field observations revealed damaged evacuation routes and the absence of essential firefighting equipment (APAR). In conclusion, the Dok IX Flats are generally suitable for habitation, but urgent improvements are needed, particularly in the disaster mitigation aspect, to ensure the safety and comfort of the residents.

Registration counter services as the main gateway for patient interaction with hospitals play a crucial role in shaping public perception of the quality of health services. However, Kaimana Hospital faces challenges such as long queues, limited physical facilities, and reliance on coordination between units, which have the potential to reduce patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the gap between patients' expectations and perceptions of the quality of registration counter services using the SERVQUAL model, focusing on five dimensions: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness (responsiveness). The qualitative-descriptive method is applied through direct observation during the workday, semi-structured interviews and analysis of secondary documents. The results of the study showed that officers were considered competent in providing Assurance information  and showed spontaneous empathy for the Empathy vulnerable group. However, the Reliability  dimension is hampered by long queues and reliance on the availability of medical personnel, while Tangibles is limited to physical facilities that are less adaptive during visitor density. Responsiveness is also influenced by fluctuations in the number of patients and coordination between units that are not optimal. The main gap lies in the absence of a digital queuing system, structured inclusive protocols, and standardization of officer competencies. Strategic recommendations include certification-based HR training, integration of digital queue technology, infrastructure optimization, and strengthening operational coordination. This research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to create an inclusive, efficient, and sustainable service ecosystem, as well as a reference for regional hospitals in improving the quality of services based on the SERVQUAL model.  

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of collaborative governance in the Nutritious Food Yard Program (P2B) strengthens community-based food security in Sidoarjo Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the social dynamics in depth. The research was conducted in Kampung Edukasi Sampah, Sekardangan Sub-district, one of the active areas in P2B implementation. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders such as the Sidoarjo City Food and Agriculture Office, Sidoarjo Police Sector, village officials, farmer groups, and environmental cadres. The analysis applied the collaborative governance model by Ansell and Gash (2008), which includes five indicators: face-to-face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. The findings show that most indicators of collaboration have been realized, particularly in communication and trust-building aspects. However, some challenges remain, including the absence of formal agreement documents among actors, inconsistent communication, lack of program outreach, and overlapping roles between the police and related agencies. This research contributes to strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration models in community-based food security programs in urban areas.

An heir whose whereabouts are unknown refers to a person presumed missing, with no confirmation of life or death. This thesis examines the juridical settlement of inherited assets under civil law, focusing on Case Study Decision Number: 200/Pdt.P/2023/PN Jkt.Tim. The research employs a normative legal method, analyzing statutory regulations (law in book). According to Article 463 of the Civil Code, an heir whose whereabouts cannot be confirmed still retains inheritance rights, supported further by Article 467. However, if the court officially declares the missing person as deceased, their legal status as an heir ceases, and their position is transferred to a substitute heir. This substitution is governed by Article 841 of the Civil Code, which assigns all rights and obligations of the original heir to the replacement. Importantly, the substitute heir may only assume control of the inherited assets after a court decision has declared the original heir legally missing or deceased. Without such a ruling, no transfer or control of inheritance can occur. This ensures legal certainty and protects the rights of all parties involved in the inheritance process.

This research examines a case of marriage annulment filed at the Pekanbaru Religious Court, where the plaintiff, a Marriage Registrar, received a complaint from a legal wife who did not consent to her husband's marriage to another woman. The plaintiff questioned whether the annulment request had exceeded the expiration period. The study aims to (1) understand the legal consequences of filing for annulment after the legal deadline based on Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 and Decision Number 1/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Pbr, and (2) explore the relevance of utility theory in the court’s reasoning. This is a sociological legal study using interviews and literature reviews, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary data. The analysis uses a qualitative descriptive approach with deductive reasoning. The results show that the court granted the annulment despite the expiration, based on the discovery of an invalid guardian and procedural flaws. A verstek (default) decision was made as both defendants were absent at the first hearing. The court's decision reflects the balance of legal certainty, justice, and utility. The legal consequences include the termination of the marriage, the recognition of the child as legitimate, and the absence of shared property division.

Village Information System is an innovative solution to optimize village data management and accelerate access to information for the community. Population administration is an important aspect in the implementation of village government which functions to record and manage population data systematically. Koting C Village Office has implemented a computer-based population administration information system to improve the efficiency and accuracy of services. This system aims to accelerate the administration process, reduce recording errors, and facilitate access to population information. However, in its implementation there are still several obstacles that need to be fixed so that the system can run more optimally. This study was conducted in the context of Community Service (PKM) to analyze the implementation of the population administration information system at the Koting C Village Office, identify the obstacles faced, and find solutions to increase the effectiveness of this system. The methods used in this study include direct observation, interviews with village officials, and analysis of the population administration service process. The results of the study indicate that although the population administration information system has been implemented, there are still several obstacles that hinder its effectiveness. One of the main obstacles is the absence of a search feature based on name, Population Identification Number (NIK), or other keywords, so that village officials have to search for data manually, which slows down the service process.

The pattern of asah, asih, asuh is still a priority problem to be resolved in Indonesia. Prevalence data on infants and toddlers with a lack of basic needs such as malnutrition, lack of interest in coming to the integrated health post, and the absence of monitoring of infant and toddler development in Babakan Village, Ciseeng District, Bogor Regency, there are around 20 infants and toddlers who still do not get the correct asah, asih, asuh pattern. This education aims to increase public understanding, especially mothers who have toddlers, regarding the concept of Asah, Asih, Asuh as a holistic approach in supporting child growth and development. This education uses a lecture method with booklet media. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, the results of the education obtained a p value of 0.000 (p <p = 0.05) which means that there is an influence on increasing knowledge of basic living needs for infants and toddlers asah, asih, asuh as an intervention to prevent unbalanced nutrition and a lack of basic needs for infants and toddlers. And the t value is 6.205. The conclusion of this study is that educational interventions on Asah, Asih, Asuh can increase mothers' awareness and knowledge in caring for and fulfilling the basic needs of infants and toddlers, which ultimately contributes to more optimal child growth and development. It is hoped that the infant and toddler development monitoring program can be implemented at the integrated health post and mothers can better understand the contents of the KIA book.

The abolition of the National Examination (UN) as a national policy has marked a significant change in the education evaluation system in Indonesia. This policy was implemented with the aim of reducing psychological pressure on students and replacing it with a more holistic evaluation approach through the National Assessment (AN). However, this transformation has raised various issues, particularly regarding the aspects of equity and accountability in education quality. This study aims to analyze in depth the impact of the abolition of UN on the quality of educational evaluation by examining its implications for equitable access, fairness, and accountability systems at both national and local levels. This research uses a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing various scholarly literature sources and relevant policy documents published between 2020 and 2024. The findings indicate that although the UN was abolished with the intention of promoting fairness and reducing academic stress, the implementation of AN has yet to ensure equitable implementation of educational evaluations across regions. Moreover, the absence of a standardized, open, and quantitative evaluation indicator such as the UN has weakened transparency and accountability in education, both in the public's perception and in policy-making processes. Therefore, a new evaluation system is needed—one that is not only diagnostic in nature but also ensures data transparency, equitable access, and strengthened public accountability functions in education.

This study investigates the impact of household consumption and investment on the open unemployment rate in West Kalimantan over both short and long terms. Using time series data from 1995–2024 and employing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in EViews 12, results show all variables become stationary after first differencing. Johansen cointegration confirms a long-run equilibrium relationship. VECM findings reveal that investment significantly increases unemployment in the long run, while household consumption has no significant effect. In the short term, a significant error correction mechanism exists, indicating adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. Diagnostic tests confirm model validity through absence of autocorrelation and normally distributed residuals. These results highlight the need for more targeted policies to reduce unemployment.

The sea fence in Tangerang Regency, Banten, has become a complex issue involving violations of spatial law, environmental impacts, and the rights of coastal communities. This research analyzes the social and environmental impacts of the case and examines the protection and restoration of victims' rights based on a greenvictimology perspective. Using an empirical juridical approach, data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and legal aid organizations, as well as secondary data from legal literature. The results showed that sea fences disrupt fishermen's activities, damage marine ecosystems, and violate regional spatial regulations. Ecological impacts include changes in ocean currents, decreased water quality, disruption of fish migration, damage to coral reefs, and coastal abrasion. Protection and restoration of victims' rights in the Pagar Laut case to date have not been fully fulfilled and realized by the responsible parties. This can be seen from the absence of concrete policies and concrete actions in the form of providing compensation or compensation to fishermen who are directly affected by the installation of the Sea Fence which hampers their access and space for fishing activities. In addition, efforts to restore the marine environment have also not been carried out optimally, especially in terms of dismantling sea fences that have not been carried out thoroughly and assistance programs from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries have not been implemented.

This study conducted to explore residents' perceptions of 5s culture (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsukei) in recycling waste utilization activities in the Family Empowerment and Welfare Group (PKK) RW 02 Manyaran Village, Semarang. This activity was executed in order to introduce 5S working principle originating from Japan, which can help create a more organized, efficient, and hygienic work environment. By using the 5s approach, PKK members are expected to manage organic waste more effectively, reduce waste entering landfills, and support the establishment of a hygienic and visual spelling setting. Method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, with interviews  with 13 PKK members of RW 02 Manyaran Semarang. The results demonstrated a positive impact, especially in the aspects of Seiri, Seiso, and Shitsukei. Residents have understood the importance of sorting, maintaining cleanliness, and discipline in waste recycling activities. However, Seiton and Seiketsu aspects remain suboptimal due to inadequate  facilities and the absence of written procedures.

The role of corporations dominates everyday life, let alone increased privatization. It is no longer the country that provides the needs, but the corporation. Corporations can increase state and labor wealth, but the revolution of economic and political structures has grown large corporate corporations too dependent on corporations so that countries can be dictated to their interests. Based on the above background, then the problem arises how the current criminal law policy formulation in the face of corporate crime, then how the application of criminal law enforcement for this against corporations that conduct criminal acts and how the policy of criminal law formulation in the face of corporate criminal acts in the future which will come. The research method used in this thesis is normative juridical by using secondary data. Data collection is done by collect and analyzing library materials and related documents. Furthermore, the data are analyzed normatively qualitatively by way of interpreting and constructing statements contained in documents and legislation. The conclusion of this study is that the regulation of corporate criminal sanctions contained in the four laws is inconsistent. The inconsistency in the determination or imposition of the maximum penalty punished on corporations are also the absence of uniformity in determine when a corporation can be said to commit a criminal offense, uniformity in the arrangement of who May be accountable or prosecuted and convicted, US well as the formulation of a criminal type that May be punished on corporation that commits a crime.