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Introduction: Stroke sufferers really need good treatment to prevent physical and mental disability because stroke patients can recover completely and quickly handled within the first 6 hours (golden period), but if more than that time does not get maximum treatment then there will be disability and physical weakness such as hemipares. Objective: This literature summary aims to review the relationship between the effectiveness of active range of motion (ROM) on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.  Research method: In compiling this research literature researchers use the PIO method: Population is a stroke patient, Intervention with active ROM, Outcome muscle strength.Results: Based on 5 journals, it was found that there was an influence after Rangge Of Motion (ROM) therapy in healing stroke that experienced muscle weakness. Conclusion: ROM exercise is effective for increasing muscle strength and preventing muscle weakness, by giving exercise 2x a day morning and evening about 15-30 minutes.

Background: Self-efficacy is the perception of the ability to consider and implement behavior patterns as self-regulation that is obtained through motivation and determining achievement of expectations. Good self-efficacy is needed not only for healthy people but also for sick people, especially people with chronic illnesses. Decreased self-efficacy can occur in people with chronic illnesses. We know that people with chronic diseases have long treatment programs, even for a lifetime, such as taking medication and sometimes this feels boring or boring. Consuming drugs or running a continuous treatment program can lead to boredom so that it is possible to want to stop taking medication. This is the background for wanting to know what actions can be taken to increase self-efficacy in people with chronic diseases. Self-efficacy increases if there is effort in dealing with existing obstacles. Interventions can be provided by health workers in increasing self-efficacy in people with chronic diseases. Objective: This study aims to describe the effect of Beapreasi therapy on self-efficacy in patients with chronic diseases at the Bergas Health Center, Semarang Regency. Methods: The research design used was descriptive and was carried out on 6 respondents, all of whom became the experimental group or all of whom became respondents. The method used to determine respondents is a purposive sampling technique. All respondents were assessed for self-efficacy using a self-efficacy scale questionnaire which was measured 2 times, namely before and after being given Beapreasi therapy. Results: The study showed that the mean value of the self-efficacy scale in the experimental group before the intervention was 81.79 and the value of the efficacy scale in the experimental group after the intervention was 89.36. this shows that there is an increase in the value on the self-efficacy scale and there is a difference in the mean value on the self-efficacy scale in the experimental group before giving the intervention with after giving the intervention with a p value of 0.00, p value <0.05 so that there is a significant/significant effect of giving reward therapy on improvement self-efficacy. Conclusion: Beapreasi therapeutic intervention can be used to maintain self-efficacy or increase self-efficacy in patients with chronic diseases, with the hope that patients will remain enthusiastic in carrying out their care and life. Beapreasi therapy can be used as a nurse's independent intervention in accompanying the care of patients with chronic diseases who require lifelong treatment and this is in an effort to increase self-efficacy in sufferers of chronic diseases.  

Introduction: Mother's Milk is the best life liquid that is needed by babies which contains various substances that are important for the growth and development of babies and in accordance with their needs. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is like nutrition in general, breast milk contains components of macro and micro nutrients. Macronutrients are carbohydrates, protein and fat, while micronutrients are vitamins and minerals. Each component of breast milk has its own benefits for the baby's growth. The lack of exclusive breastfeeding can be caused by various conditions, demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors greatly determine the continuity of breastfeeding. Objective: To determine the factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The method used in this study is the narrative review method with literature sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results: Of the 7 articles, there are 5 articles that discuss internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 5 articles reviewed are knowledge, education, occupation, age, attitude and parity. And from 7 articles there are 4 articles that discuss external factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. External factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 4 reviewed journals are social culture, family support and support from health workers. Conclusion: Based on the 7 articles presented, it indicates that there are so many factors that trigger mothers not to give exclusive breastfeeding, both internal factors that come from the mother herself and external factors that come from outside the mother herself.

Limited land availability poses a challenge for urban communities interested in developing fish farming activities. As the years go by, the increasing population leads to a scarcity of land in urban areas, which can hinder the development of fish farming activities by limiting access to natural resources. One solution to overcome land limitations in fish farming is the use of the bucket fish farming method. This method efficiently utilizes limited space and is cost-effective, allowing for fish farming in urban environments, such as at SDN Kauman 1 in Blitar City. This creative innovation involves students and the community in fish farming activities using buckets, with the goals of environmental education, practical learning, and skill development for students. The objective of this community service activity is to provide guidance on understanding and effectively implementing bucket fish farming (Budidamber) in a sustainable manner. The methods used include socialization, preparation, and implementation. It is expected that this journal will contribute positively to supporting local food resilience and environmental conservation at SDN Kauman 1 in Blitar City and its surrounding community.

This research analyzes two monologue scripts by renowned writer Putu Wijaya, titled "Aeng" and "Are We Already Free?" using an objective approach and qualitative research method. Literature is considered as a mirror of society that reflects human life, while drama and theater are seen as forms of portraying human life in a performance. Monologue, as a type of drama performed by a single actor, is the main focus of this study. Through the analysis of themes, plot, setting, and messages conveyed in the monologue scripts, this research aims to enrich understanding of literature, the genre of drama and theater, as well as the techniques and strategies employed in monologues. The implications of this research include a deeper understanding of the portrayal of life in literature, expanded knowledge of Putu Wijaya's literary works, comprehension of monologues as a performance form, a more objective perspective in understanding and appreciating literary works, and a more profound and contextual understanding of themes, plot, setting, and messages within the monologue scripts. This study is expected to contribute to the enrichment of literary and dramatic understanding and provide deeper insights into monologues as a form of performance.

The progress of a nation is greatly influenced by the contribution to education. Education is expected to be able to make a truly intelligent society, so it will gives the nuances of intelligent life and will progressively shape independence. Such a nation community is a big investment to struggle out of the crisis in the face of a globalized world. In facing today's global world, the task of educators as professional teachers is not only to carry out learning in the classroom, but besides educating, nurturing and guiding the most important thing is to shape the personality of students who have the ability to prepare and develop themselves as critical and creative human resources. . most important is to educate and As educators, teachers convey knowledge and skills to students using certain methods so that knowledge or skills can belong to these students, therefore professional educators are educators who are always trying to improve their performance, by increasing their competence as educators. The embodiment of the competence of these educators is the responsibility of education, especially to prepare students to become intelligent and creative subjects in order to achieve maximum learning achievement. One indicator of the achievement of learning objectives can be identified by looking at the level of learning achievement obtained by students. Purwanto stated that learning achievement is a change in student behavior as a result of learning. The change in behavior was caused because he achieved the use of a number of materials provided in the teaching and learning process. This achievement is based on predetermined teaching objectives. The results can be in the form of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor changes.  

This community engagement research aims to provide assistance in simple bookkeeping to orphanages with the objective of improving transparency, accuracy, and financial management effectiveness. The assistance method involves a series of activities, including basic training in simple bookkeeping, the development of easily comprehensible financial report formats, and the provision of guidance and direct supervision in day-to-day financial record-keeping. Evaluation and monitoring are conducted throughout the assistance period to measure progress and ensure alignment with the specific needs of the orphanages. The research findings indicate that the provision of simple bookkeeping assistance offers significant benefits to orphanages. The financial recording skills of the administrators improve, leading to more accurate and trustworthy financial reports. Furthermore, transparency in financial management increases, thereby fostering trust and participation from relevant stakeholders such as donors and regulatory bodies. The implementation of a simple bookkeeping system also aids administrators in making better decisions based on the available financial information

The low understanding of mothers regarding the use of the Maternal and Child Health Book (KIA Book) is one of the factors contributing to the failure in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program aimed at reducing maternal and child mortality rates. The role of midwives working together with community health volunteers has a six-fold greater influence on the community in raising awareness about the use of the KIA Book, thus providing more health-related information. The objective of this activity is to enhance motivation and improve mothers' knowledge in optimizing the KIA Book. This community engagement activity took place in RT 10 RW 03, Sukarami Village, Palembang City. The method employed involved participants completing a questionnaire to assess their understanding before and after receiving education through counseling. The results showed that there was an increase of 15 people (88.23%) falling into the good category and 2 people (11.76%) falling into the satisfactory category, indicating that the activity was successfully received and understood by the participants.

This research examines change management in an Islamic perspective. The research method used is a qualitative approach using literature studies and theoretical analysis. Through an in-depth understanding of related literature, concepts and principles of change management that are appropriate to the context of Islamic education are identified. In this study, data will be collected through literature studies which include books, journals, articles, and other reliable sources related to change management from an Islamic perspective. Change management is an effort made by a leader or manager in subordinating a plan, coordination, direction, control/supervision to achieve goals or objectives that can make an organization or institution better than yesterday to achieve goals. Change Management in Islamic perspective consists of phases namely human, development.

The primary objective of this study is to determine the performance of spending expenditure in the budget realization report at the Department of Culture and Tourism in North Toraja Regency. The method that used in this case study is Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The data entry used in this thesis have multiple category which are Expenditure Variance Analysis Techniques, Expenditure Compatibility Analysis, Expenditure Growth Analysis and Efficiency Analysis. The outcome of this study prove that the expenditure performance in the budget realization report for the North Toraja Regency Culture and Tourism Industries which is from 2019-2021 can be seen from the expenditure variance with an average of 17.27%. According to the research of expenditure, the spending growth has an increase by 29.56% for the year 2020, meanwhile for the year 2021 the growth has an increase of 0.76%. Based on the analysis of compatibility, the spending ratio of operating expenditure it is categorized as suitable because it has an average of 72.18%. On the other hand, the capital expenditure ratio it is categorized quite relevant because it has an average of 46.48%. Thus, the analysis of expenditure efficiency it is categorized as the most satisfactory because it has an average effectiveness level which from year 2019 till 2021 reaching 84.44%.

The giveaway activity is a marketing activity carried out by a brand with the aim of attracting market attention, and introducing the brand more broadly to potential customers. By distributing prizes to selected customers. In this activity, several problems emerged, namely the Sukabumi Boutique Store admin felt that it was not objective because the process of determining the winner of the giveaway was only through the picker application on the cellphone, so that the giveaway winners who appeared did not pay attention to certain criteria and requirements. Determination through the picker application is only done by drawing a lot by looking at the name that appears first. Selection like this is considered unfair for customers who already feel they meet all the criteria and requirements but do not win the giveaway. In the implementation of the simulation of determining the winner of the giveaway, a method is needed that can solve these problems. The weighted product method is a ranking method where decisions are made by multiplying to connect attribute ratings. This process begins with inputting alternative data, then continues with the process of inputting several criteria that have been selected, namely, number of transactions, quantity of shopping, total visits, resellers. This selection process will determine the giveaway winner in a more targeted and more objective manner by taking into account certain criteria and requirements.   Keywords: Giveaway, Weighted Product, Boutique Sukabumi, Picker App

The North Sumatra State Islamic University Library has developed an online database system to store and share information resources with users. This article discusses the use of the online database provided by UIN SU Library as a source of information for users. Utilization of online databases can provide several advantages for users, such as easy and fast access to various sources of information, flexibility to access databases from anywhere and anytime, and the availability of complete and up-to-date information resources. The online database of UIN SU Library includes various types of information sources, such as electronic books, electronic journals, theses, dissertations, and other digital collections. Research objectives in abstract journals utilizing online databases may vary depending on the focus and scope of the research being conducted. However, some of the general goals of online database utilization research are to understand users' use of online databases, evaluate the quality and effectiveness of online databases, and increase the use of online databases for specific purposes. The research methodology in the abstract of online database utilization journals usually includes several stages, namely identification of research objectives, data collection, analysis of database use, evaluation of database quality and interpretation of results.

Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality rates caused by various diseases that commonly afflict children such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Babies with exclusive breastfeeding will have a stronger immune system compared to babies who are given formula milk. Breast milk provides protection to babies against various diseases, especially infectious diseases. According to RISKESDAS 2021, 52.5 percent or only half of the 2.3 million infants aged less than six months are exclusively breastfed in Indonesia, or a decrease of 12 percent from the figure in 2019. The highest coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is in West Nusa Tenggara with coverage of 81.46% and coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Sumbawa Regency of 89.3. This of course encourages us to strive to maintain and even increase the scope of exclusive breastfeeding to increase children's intelligence. Objective: Increase the knowledge and skills of breastfeeding mothers towards exclusive breastfeeding for babies. Method: The method used in increasing this knowledge is by Audiovisual media, namely presenting the Understanding, composition, benefits, influencing factors, how to maximize & improve, how to prepare and store breast milk and provide counseling in the form of interactive lectures. Target: The target of this community service activity is from mothers of reproductive age who have babies aged 0 to 6 months at H.L. Manambai Abdulkadir Hospital. Results: The delivery of material with lecture and demonstration methods supports the ability of participants to master the material regarding increasing knowledge and skills in breastfeeding delivered by the community service team so that there is an increase seen from the pretest and posttest given to mothers after the activity takes place.

Cost of goods manufactured (COGM) is an important component of making a product, because knowing the COGM of a product can be used as a reference to determine the profit margin of a product. Without knowing the COGM of a product, we will be confused in determining the selling price. The COGM calculation is very influential for the sale of a product whether the product is experiencing a profit or loss. This study aims to determine the COGM calculations that have been carried out by MSMEs are in accordance with COGM accounting calculations or are still only limited to manual calculations. In addition, the main objective of this study is to design an accounting system for determining COGM in the Tempe Chips Industry in determining the cost of production and to apply a variable costing method to determine the cost of goods manufactured in SMEs so that the correct cost of production can be presented. The results of this study indicate that based on Cost of goods manufactured calculations carried out by MSME actors it is still very low so it is necessary to revamp the HPP calculations in accordance with accounting standards. Based on the evaluation of the old system, the author wishes to offer a new system, namely the Information System for Determining the Cost of Production of Tempe Chips SMEs which is expected to be an alternative in solving problems that are being faced by business owners. This new system makes it easy for users related to the process of recording data into the database, so that related parties can easily operate.  

The method or strategy in the learning process is something that is important to support the success of learning objectives. Some educational institutions still apply the classical learning model so that educators feel they are still in a comfortable condition in carrying out the learning process. Meanwhile, nowadays the demands of the curriculum and the development of science and technology greatly affect the learning process. Educators should use learning models that make students more creative, think critically, be active and be able to develop ideas in their own way. This of course can improve student learning outcomes. As for the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Active learning model applied at MTs Khoirotul Islamiyah, Pematangsintar City, is manifested in several components that influence each other, namely learning objectives, selection of learning methods and media that are appropriate to the content/subject matter as well as teachers and students. These components are designed so that in practice students are more active in learning. This strategy is applied to make it easy for students to know, understand, appreciate, and apply the material conveyed by the teacher in student life, so that the goals of studying economics can be realized. There are two supporting factors for the implementation of Active learning in Economics learning including; teacher professionalism, facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, there are two factors that hinder the realization of Active learning strategies in Economics learning, namely: the teacher's lack of preparation in planning learning scenarios and the lack of student motivation due to different backgrounds, such as the social environment, cultural environment, learning styles, economic conditions and level of intelligence.

Anxiety among adolescents is a growing concern due to its significant impact on their mental and physical well-being. Providing anxiety education in schools can be a crucial step in imparting understanding and stress management strategies to teenagers. This activity aims to conduct an anxiety education program for 10th-grade students at Kalam Kudus II Senior High School, Jakarta. The program is implemented using the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) method, comprising four stages. The planning stage involves identifying objectives, analyzing needs, planning the content, and scheduling the sessions. Subsequently, in the execution stage, 10th-grade students are given education on anxiety and stress management through presentations and group discussions. Demonstrations and practice of stress management techniques are provided to enable students to apply the skills taught. Upon completing the program, an evaluation is conducted to assess students' understanding of the material and their application of stress management techniques in their daily lives. Feedback from students is collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity and identify areas for improvement in future sessions. This initiative is expected to benefit 10th-grade students at SMA Kalam Kudus II, Jakarta, in coping with anxiety and stress during their adolescent years. The education program aims to enhance their understanding of anxiety and equip them with valuable skills for stress management. Ultimately, it is hoped that these teenagers will be better prepared to face life's challenges and achieve improved mental well-being  

Nusantara song 1 (one) is one of several koes plus songs with an archipelago (Indonesia) theme. The objectives of this study include (1) to reveal the meaning contained in the lyrics of the song Nusantara 1 (one) by Koes Plus, (2) to describe the representation of nationalism contained in the lyrics of the song Nusantara 1 (one) by Koes Plus, (3) what figurative language which is contained in the 1 (one) archipelago song by Koes Plus. The problem contained in representing this 1 (one) archipelago song is that the lyrics of this song tell about the beauty of the archipelago (Indonesia) and contain an invitation to people to unite with each other and mutually protect the integrity of the archipelago (Indonesia), but many are represented as lyrics. songs that lead to something that smells of romance, so many people misinterpret the lyrics of the song, making it a complex matter to be discussed in this study. With a different meaning of the lyrics of the archipelago 1 (one) song regarding the reality of the original lyrics made by the creator. Through research methods that are analytical descriptive by concluding data through literature study. Based on the results of the research, the views of the wider community regarding the 1 (one) archipelago song produced by Koes plus its meaning become clear and detailed, namely telling about the beauty of the archipelago which is packaged in poetic words that contain many meanings using association figures of speech.

This study focuses on investigating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the socio-economic conditions of traders in the Wage Market located in the Banyumas district of Indonesia, specifically in the city of Purwokerto. The Covid-19 outbreak in 2020 brought about significant social and economic challenges worldwide, including within local economies. Indonesia, like many other regions, experienced widespread social and economic transformations as a result. The objective of this research is to examine the specific changes in socio-economic conditions faced by traders at the Wage Market due to the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve this, a qualitative research method will be employed, involving interviews with traders in the market. These interviews will be supplemented with data collection, including photographs taken during the interviews. The collected data will be carefully processed and analyzed, incorporating insights from reliable sources within the Pasar Wage. Through the findings obtained from the interviews, this study will shed light on the precise impact of Covid-19 on the socio-economic conditions of traders in the Pasar Wage. By exploring the experiences and perspectives of these traders, it aims to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by local businesses in the wake of the pandemic.

Student activity dominates and is very visible in learning. Having responsibility for the tasks that must be done by each student in the learning process makes students feel important and involved in the success of their learning. The objectives of this research are 1) to find out how lesson planning can increase students' self-confidence through the storytelling method and 2) to know how the implementation and improvement of learning can increase students' self-confidence through the storytelling method. The method used in this study is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method. This research attempts to increase students' self-confidence through the storytelling method in thematic learning. The conclusion from this study is that researchers have used the storytelling method to increase students' confidence in learning Indonesian which is very good. The preparation made by the researcher was to prepare lesson plans (learning plans) related to increasing self-confidence in class.

In today’s digital era, many schools face challenges in utilizing social media as an effective means for promotion and enhancing the image of the institution. Despite the enormous potential of social media, many educators and administrative staff are still lacking in skills in optimally managing this platform. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to improve the skills and understanding of participants regarding the use of social media as a strategic promotional tool for schools, as well as to encourage the adoption of more effective digital marketing practices. The method used in this study was a participatory approach through an interactive workshop. The workshop involved hands-on training sessions, group discussions, and social media content creation simulations, which were designed to provide practical experience and enhance participants’ understanding directly. Data were collected through observation, pre- and post-workshop questionnaires, and interviews with participants to measure changes in their skills and perceptions. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ technical skills in managing social media, as well as a positive change in their perspectives on the importance of social media as a promotional tool. Most participants reported that they felt more confident and ready to implement more structured and data-driven promotional strategies in their schools. These results indicate that the workshop successfully achieved its objectives and had a positive impact on participants’ ability to utilize social media effectively.