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The development of digital technology has transformed children’s patterns of interaction through online games, which serve both as entertainment and transactional spaces. As digital consumers, children are entitled to protection equal to adults, yet they remain vulnerable to risks such as inappropriate content, fraud, data manipulation, and exploitation. Despite the existence of legal frameworks like the Consumer Protection Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, this study reveals that these laws do not specifically address children as a vulnerable group in the digital environment. This research employs an empirical normative approach to highlight the shortcomings of current regulations. Given the rapidly growing use of digital platforms by children, stronger regulatory measures, greater parental involvement, and increased responsibility from platform providers are essential to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights and provide adequate protection in the digital space. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive legal reform to safeguard children’s digital rights.

Digital transformation in the banking sector has introduced numerous conveniences in financial transactions, yet simultaneously opened opportunities for increasingly sophisticated and damaging new forms of crime. This article comprehensively analyzes criminal policy in combating digital banking crime in Indonesia, exploring the legal, technological, and institutional challenges faced, and formulating effective prevention strategies. Through systematic literature review and critical policy analysis, this research demonstrates that digital banking crime in Indonesia has experienced significant increases both in quantity and complexity of modus operandi, encompassing phishing, skimming, hacking, social engineering, banking trojan malware, and various technology-based fraud schemes. Financial losses amount to trillions of rupiah annually, excluding the psychological impact on victims and erosion of public trust in digital banking systems. Research findings identify fundamental challenges in combating digital banking crime, including limitations in legal frameworks that have not fully accommodated technological developments, gaps in law enforcement capacity for cyber investigation, complexity of evidence in digital cases, complicated cross-border jurisdiction, rapid evolution of crime modi outpacing regulatory adaptation, and low digital security literacy among banking service users. Policy analysis shows that penal approaches through criminalization and law enforcement, while important, are insufficient without comprehensive non-penal strategies.

This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of land rights transfer in disputed objects using a normative legal research method. Issues related to the transfer of land rights often give rise to legal disputes between interested parties, particularly when the transfer process does not comply with the prevailing agrarian laws and regulations. This research employs both the statutory approach and the conceptual approach to examine relevant legal provisions in depth, such as Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The data were obtained from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and analyzed qualitatively, emphasizing legal interpretation and expert doctrines. The findings reveal that any transfer of land rights carried out without proper legal procedures, both administratively and substantively, may result in legal consequences such as null and void transactions, ownership disputes, and even the annulment of land certificates by the court. Furthermore, it was found that the principles of legal certainty and legal protection for landowners are often neglected due to weak law enforcement and administrative irregularities in land affairs. This study emphasizes the importance of applying the principles of legality and prudence in every land rights transfer process to ensure legal certainty and justice for all parties involved in disputes.

The development of digital technology has fueled the rise of online buying and selling practices through marketplaces and social media, including among students. This convenience is not without legal and ethical issues, such as misdescribed goods, fraud, and the weakening of consumers' position compared to businesses. This research uses a normative method with a qualitative approach through literature review, regulatory analysis, and interviews with UNIMED Civics students to examine consumer protection from the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. Theoretical studies indicate that Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) affirms consumers' rights to security, comfort, accurate information, and opens up opportunities, although its implementation remains hampered by low legal awareness. Meanwhile, muamalah jurisprudence affirms the validity of a sale and purchase contract if it meets the pillars and conditions, and upholds the values ​​of honesty (ṣidq), justice (‘adl), trustworthiness, and the prohibition of gharar and tadlis. The results of the study indicate that violations of online transactions not only violate the UUPK but also undermine Islamic business ethics. Therefore, the integration of Islamic law and positive law is necessary to strengthen digital consumer protection in a fair and beneficial manner.

Inventory management plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth business operations by preventing stockouts that may cause losses. Toko Cat Gani still relies on manual recording, which is prone to data loss, duplicate entries, and delays in stock reporting, thus requiring a systematic solution. This study aims to design and implement a web-based inventory information system using the buffer stock method to overcome these issues. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototype model, consisting of needs analysis, system design, validation, and testing stages. The system was developed using PHP, MySQL, and XAMPP, featuring item data management, supplier management, inbound and outbound transactions, buffer stock calculations, and real-time inventory reports. The implementation results show that the system facilitates transaction recording, minimizes data entry errors, provides notifications when stock reaches the minimum threshold, and generates accurate and timely reports. Expert validation and user testing confirm that the system is feasible and effective in supporting inventory management at Toko Cat Gani. Therefore, the implementation of a web-based inventory information system with the buffer stock method can be considered an efficient and reliable solution to improve accuracy and effectiveness in inventory control.

The advancement of digital technology in financial systems, including the implementation of QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) in the retail sector, has driven the increased use of non-cash payment methods. How flexibility, time efficiency, and protectivity influence the number of QRIS transactions conducted in retail stores is the subject of this research. Validity, reliability, classical assumption analysis, and hypothesis analysis. Results show that time efficiency contributes significantly to increasing QRIS transactions, while flexibility and security are not significantly affected. Only 18.9% of the variation in QRIS usage behavior is caused by the three independent variables, according to the coefficient of determination (R2). These findings indicate that time efficiency is a key factor in driving the retail sector to adopt digital payment systems.

This study aims to systematically review the literature that explores the relationship between blockchain technology and economic value, focusing on three main dimensions: financial efficiency, financial inclusion, and systemic risk. The systematic literature review method was employed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize findings from various academic studies and relevant industry reports. The review process involved analyzing articles obtained from scientific databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar, published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that the implementation of blockchain technology has significant potential to enhance financial efficiency through transaction cost reduction, increased transparency, and faster settlement processes across financial systems. Furthermore, blockchain can promote financial inclusion by providing access to financial services for populations previously excluded from the conventional financial system. However, the study also reveals that blockchain adoption poses potential systemic risks, including market instability, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and complex regulatory challenges. Therefore, the findings emphasize the importance of developing balanced policies and regulatory frameworks to maximize the economic benefits of blockchain technology while minimizing its potential risks.

Islamic financial institutions have emerged as an alternative within the modern financial system, founded on Islamic values and principles. Their main objective is to realize justice, sustainability, balance, and collective welfare in economic activities. This study aims to provide an in-depth explanation of the Sharia principles underlying the operations of Islamic financial institutions, including the prohibition of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (speculation), as well as the implementation of profit-sharing, justice, transparency, and trustworthiness in all business activities. The research employs a library study method with a qualitative-descriptive approach by analyzing relevant primary and secondary literature sources. The findings indicate that the implementation of Sharia principles not only differentiates Islamic financial institutions from conventional financial systems but also adds significant value through Islamic business ethics, social responsibility, economic sustainability, and protection of customer and community interests. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of Sharia principles is essential to maintaining the integrity, public trust, and long-term sustainability of Islamic financial institutions in today’s era of global economic development.

This research analyzes the fundamental conflict between state regulation and Sharia principles regarding cryptocurrency in Indonesia, aiming to explore the views of Islamic scholars and the legal perspective in the Qur'an and its interpretations. Cryptocurrency has become a popular investment trend, especially among the youth. While the Bank Indonesia (BI) prohibits its use as a legal payment instrument, its trading activity is legalized as an investment asset under the supervision of OJK and BI. Conversely, the MUI Fatwa and the majority of scholars declare crypto transactions as forbidden (haram) due to the presence of elements prohibited in Islamic economics: riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty). Gharar is linked to the extreme price volatility that encourages speculation (maysir) and the non-physical nature of crypto. Riba, on the other hand, is associated with the potential for unfair profit in lending and staking mechanisms. This prohibition is rooted in the interpretation of the Qur'an (QS. Al-Baqarah: 275 and QS. An-Nisa: 29), which strictly forbids riba and consuming others' wealth through bathil (unlawful) means. Consequently, although legally accepted as an investment asset, many scholars view crypto as violating the principles of justice and transparency in Islamic economics.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause business actors (kiosks) to reject coins as a means of payment in sale and purchase transactions at Oeba Traditional Market, Fatubesi Urban Village, Kota Lama Subdistrict, Kupang City and the legal consequences of such rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. The benefits of this research are to provide information and knowledge that enriches the study of law and as a consideration or input for the government and information for the community. This research is a type of empirical legal research. The results of this study show: (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00 as a means of payment in sale and purchase  transactions are community perception factors, refund factors, and practicality factors. (2) The legal consequences of this rejection in terms of Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled because there is no agreement between the parties and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. The conclusions of this study are (1) The factors causing business actors (kiosks) in Oeba Traditional Market to reject coins with denominations of Rp200.00 and Rp100.00, namely the public perception factor, the refund factor, and the practicality factor. (2) The legal consequences of the rejection are that the sale and purchase agreement can be cancelled and the business actor (kiosk) can be punished. Suggestions from the author are, for the government, it is expected to be more aggressive in conducting socialisation about money and for business actors (kiosks) and the public are expected to treat money properly.

The principle of "Al-Umuru Bi Maqasidiha," meaning "everything depends on its purpose," is one of the main principles of Islamic law that plays a crucial role in Islamic economic practices. This research aims to outline the meaning, legal basis, branches, and application of this principle in modern economic activities. The method used is a literature review, examining the Quran, Hadith, the opinions of scholars, and contemporary studies related to Islamic economics. The results of the study indicate that intention is a key factor in determining the validity or invalidity of an act, both in worship and transactions. This principle is relevant to addressing contemporary transaction developments, such as Islamic banking, fintech, and digital investment instruments, by emphasizing objectives aligned with the maqasid al-shariah (Islamic principles). The evolving branches of this principle emphasize the role of intention in distinguishing between custom and worship, establishing the validity of contracts, and transforming permissible activities into acts of worship. Its application in Islamic economics encompasses transaction contracts, asset management (mal), and Islamic banking practices, all of which are directed toward achieving benefits and preventing harm. In conclusion, the principle of Al-Umuru Bi Maqasidiha (The Principle of Proper Conduct and the Principle of Good Conduct) is highly urgent in building an Islamic economic system that is just, imbued with integrity, and oriented toward blessings.

The study try to explain the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived security, and social influence on consumer interest in adopting the QRIS as a digital payment method in Bandar Lampung. The rapid growth of digital transactions and the shift toward non-cash payments highlight the importance of understanding the factors that encourage consumer adoption of QRIS. A quantitative approach was employed, collecting primary data from 222 respondents through structured questionnaires distributed in various retail and public settings. The data were measured with Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression to measure the strength and significance of the variable’s relationships. The findings indicate that all three factors significantly influence consumer interest, with social influence showing the strongest effect, followed by perceived security and perceived ease of use. The results suggest that social norms, trust in transaction security, and ease of interaction with the system are critical in motivating consumers to adopt QRIS. These insights provide practical implications for service providers, policymakers, and merchants to enhance digital payment adoption by focusing on user-friendly designs, robust security measures, and strategies that leverage social influence to encourage broader usage.

This study aims to examine the Islamic legal maxim al-yaqīn lā yuzālu bi al-syakk (certainty is not removed by doubt), along with its foundations, branches, and applications in the context of Islamic economics. This maxim plays a crucial role in Islamic legal rulings as it provides guidance that something already established with certainty cannot be nullified merely by subsequent doubt. This research adopts a literature review method by analyzing the Qur’an, hadiths, and various recent academic references. The findings indicate that this legal maxim safeguards legal certainty, prevents decision-making based on mere speculation, and protects individual rights in transactions. Several derivative principles, such as al-ashlu baqā’ mā kāna ‘alā mā kāna, al-ashlu barā’atu al-dzimmah, and al-ashlu fil asy-ya’ al-ibāhah, reinforce the notion that the original legal status remains valid until proven otherwise by strong evidence. Its application in Islamic economics covers trade transactions, mudharabah contracts, asset ownership, and debt settlement, all of which require valid proof before altering an established legal status. This study concludes that implementing the maxim al-yaqīn lā yuzālu bi al-syakk remains highly relevant in the context of modern economic development, as it ensures fairness, minimizes disputes, and promotes secure and sharia-compliant transactions.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed commercial activities, particularly through the emergence of marketplaces as platforms for online transactions. The vast number of products available in a marketplace often creates difficulties for users in finding items that suit their needs and preferences. To address this challenge, a recommendation system is required to provide personalized and relevant product suggestions. This study discusses the implementation of a product recommendation system in a marketplace using the Collaborative Filtering method. This method works by leveraging information from users’ previous behavior, such as purchase history, ratings, and similarity of preferences with other users, to generate more accurate product recommendations. The Collaborative Filtering approach has proven effective in identifying user preference patterns based on relationships between users as well as between items. This study employs user interaction data such as ratings and shopping activities as the processing foundation. The process involves data collection, preprocessing, calculation of similarity between users or products, and generating recommendation lists. The results indicate that this method enhances the shopping experience by providing relevant product suggestions tailored to user interests, thereby increasing customer satisfaction and potentially improving sales performance in the marketplace. Thus, the application of a Collaborative Filtering-based recommendation system not only simplifies product discovery for users but also offers strategic advantages for marketplace operators in digital business competition

The development of information technology has encouraged business actors, including small enterprises in the food and beverage sector, to adopt Accounting Information Systems (AIS) to support financial and operational management. Selesa Coffee & Eatery, as a small enterprise, has implemented ESB POS (Esensi Solusi Buana Point of Sales) to facilitate transaction recording and financial report management. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing an ESB POS–based AIS on individual performance, organizational performance, and net benefits using the DeLone & McLean (2003) model framework. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through interviews with managers and accounting staff, direct observation of the café’s operational activities, and documentation of system-generated financial reports. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles & Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, along with triangulation to validate the findings. The results show that the implementation of ESB POS enhances individual performance by simplifying record-keeping, accelerating reporting, and reducing manual errors. At the organizational level, the system supports operational efficiency, transparency, and work coordination. In terms of net benefits, the system contributes to improved data accuracy, time efficiency, and provides support for evaluation and strategic decision-making. This study concludes that the implementation of an ESB POS–based AIS significantly contributes to the sustainability of small enterprises.

The research aims to develop a system for Zhafirah Cosmetics Store to address operational issues such as manual transaction recording, lack of transaction receipts, and time-consuming documentation processes. A desktop-based sales and purchase information system was developed using a descriptive research method, with data collected through observation and interviews, system analysis conducted using the PIECES framework, and system development following the waterfall model. The implementation results show that the system effectively accelerates transaction recording, minimizes input errors, and generates accurate and efficient reports. It also simplifies the management of product, supplier, and transaction data, thereby supporting managerial decision-making. System testing was conducted using Black Box Testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT), with UAT results showing an average score of 88.67%, categorized as “Very Good,” indicating strong user acceptance. The implication of this research is an improvement in operational effectiveness and a reduction in data loss risk through the digitization of the store’s business processes.

Illegal streaming sites are one of the forms of copyright infringement that are rampant in the digital era and have a significant impact on the creative industry, the economy, and law enforcement. This research analyzes the Indonesian legal framework consisting of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, Law No. 11 of 2008 jo. Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions, as well as the technical regulations of the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) in addressing these violations. The findings indicate that although the legal framework is in place, enforcement still faces technical, legal, social, and complex cross-border challenges. These sites often utilize foreign servers, mirror domains, and anti-blocking technology to evade blocking, thus requiring international cooperation thru mechanisms such as Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and coordination with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). An effective counter-strategy must be multidimensional, encompassing regulatory strengthening, the use of detection technologies such as digital watermarking and content ID systems, as well as public education to curb the demand for illegal content. A comparison with the United States, Japan, and South Korea shows that proactive enforcement, a quick notice-and-takedown mechanism, and industry cooperation have proven effective in reducing violations. In conclusion, the eradication of illegal streaming sites in Indonesia requires continuous synergy between the government, industry, and society to protect copyright and the sustainability of the creative industry ecosystem in the digital era.

The integration of blockchain technology with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) presents a promising solution for optimizing resource allocation and ensuring security in decentralized network environments, particularly in 5G and 6G network slicing. This research proposes a model that combines the security features of blockchain with the adaptive, decentralized decision-making capabilities of MARL. Blockchain ensures the integrity and transparency of resource allocation by providing a secure, tamper-proof ledger for transaction validation, while MARL allows agents to dynamically allocate resources based on real-time network conditions. The simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in resource allocation efficiency, fairness among users, and resilience to cyberattacks. By combining these two technologies, the proposed model overcomes many of the challenges posed by traditional centralized systems and offers an enhanced, secure, and fair solution for resource distribution in future mobile networks. However, scalability remains a challenge, especially in large-scale networks where transaction processing and consensus overhead can create bottlenecks. Additionally, training complexity in MARL models presents computational challenges, particularly in highly dynamic network environments. The model's performance trade-offs, including the balance between high security and system overhead, are also discussed. Future research should focus on optimizing blockchain consensus mechanisms to improve scalability and enhancing MARL model training techniques to reduce computational costs and improve real-time decision-making. This integration holds significant potential for revolutionizing resource allocation in 5G and 6G networks, enabling more efficient, secure, and fair management of network resources in the increasingly complex and decentralized digital ecosystem

Development technology information , especially use WhatsApp application , has bring up phenomenon use stickers and memes as means expression in digital communication . However , misuse face somebody without permission in meme form or sticker cause problem serious law . Research This aim study provision related laws in Indonesia editing and distribution face individual without consent , use method study normative based studies library . Study results show that action the violate Copyright Act , Act Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), as well as Constitution Personal Data Protection . Violations This can charged sanctions criminal Because concerning moral rights , rights economy and privacy individual . In addition to the aspects law , abuse this is also influenced by factors economy , environment social , and digital culture of society . Therefore that , is necessary education and enforcement more laws firm in order to create ethical and responsible digital space answer .

This study aims to examine the effect of financial inclusion, accounting information systems, and e-commerce on the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs play a crucial role in supporting regional economic growth, thus enhancing financial performance is a crucial aspect. The study sample comprised 84 MSME owners in Sleman Regency, drawn using the snowball sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through online questionnaires using a Google Form link to facilitate respondents' completion and to broaden the reach of respondents. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software to determine the extent of the interplay between the variables studied. The results indicate that financial inclusion has a positive effect on MSME financial performance. This indicates that the easier access for MSMEs to formal financial services, the better their financial performance. Similarly, accounting information systems have also been shown to have a positive effect, where the implementation of a good accounting system can improve the quality of transaction recording and financial decision-making. Conversely, e-commerce has not been shown to have a significant effect on MSME financial performance. This finding indicates that the use of e-commerce by MSMEs in Sleman is not optimal in supporting improved financial performance.