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Malnutrition in children remains a serious public health challenge in Indonesia because it directly impacts growth, cognitive development, and the child's future quality of life. Parents play a crucial role in maintaining children's health, particularly in providing balanced nutrition and preventing nutritional problems such as stunting and malnutrition. This study aims to analyze the role of parents in maintaining children's health due to malnutrition based on a literature review. The method used is a qualitative literature study, through a search of various written sources in the form of scientific journals, articles, and relevant books obtained from Google Scholar. The results of the study indicate that the level of knowledge, education, parenting patterns, socioeconomic conditions, and active involvement of parents in monitoring children's growth significantly influence children's nutritional status and health. Parents play a role as providers of nutritious food, nutrition educators, role models of healthy lifestyles, and regular monitors of children's growth and development. Parents' lack of understanding of balanced nutrition, the habit of consuming instant foods, and minimal participation in health programs are risk factors for malnutrition in children. Therefore, increasing parental education and involvement through a family-based approach is an important strategy in efforts to prevent and address child nutrition problems sustainably.

Adolescents are an age group that is vulnerable to reproductive health problems, including the risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and risky sexual behaviors, due to limited knowledge and psychosocial maturity. Schools have a strategic role in providing reproductive health education as a promotive and preventive effort. This counseling activity aimed to determine adolescents’ knowledge regarding the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among students at Parulian 3 School, Medan.This study employed a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The participants were all seventh-grade students who met the inclusion criteria. The intervention consisted of reproductive health education delivered through lectures, discussions, and visual media. Data were collected using questionnaires measuring knowledge and attitudes before and after the counseling session, and then analyzed descriptively by comparing pretest and posttest results. The results showed an increase in students’ knowledge and attitudes after receiving reproductive health education. The differences in scores before and after the intervention indicate that the counseling provided was effective in improving students’ understanding and fostering positive attitudes toward the prevention of STIs and risky sexual behaviors. Reproductive health education in the school setting is an effective effort to enhance adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding reproductive health. Therefore, reproductive health education activities should be implemented continuously and integrated into school programs.

This community service programme was implemented in the coastal community of Padelegan Village, Pademawu Subdistrict, Pamekasan Regency, with a focus on strengthening health literacy and behaviour-based disease prevention at the household level. The background of the activity is based on the vulnerability of coastal communities to health problems related to hygiene, household drinking water management, and environmental cleanliness, as well as the need for an approach that not only increases knowledge but also encourages consistent preventive practices. The programme aims to improve residents' ability to understand and use health information in an applicable manner, while strengthening key disease prevention behaviours through education and mentoring. The activity will be carried out from February to April 2025 with a behaviour-based education design combined with practice demonstrations and community mentoring, involving 48 participants (40 residents/households and 8 posyandu/PKK cadres). The stages included initial assessment, development of KIE media (brief modules and leaflets/posters), two education-demonstration sessions, two home mentoring sessions, and final evaluation. The evaluation was conducted using pre-post knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) assessments and practice observation through a checklist. The results showed an increase in health literacy and improved consistency in preventive behaviour; knowledge increased from 5.4 to 7.8, and compliance with hand washing at critical times increased from 41.7% to 72.9%. Programme outputs included an information, education and communication (IEC) package, a household monitoring checklist, and capacity building for cadres as local facilitators. It was concluded that the integration of participatory education, practical demonstrations and cadre mentoring has the potential to be effective in encouraging preventive behavioural change in coastal communities, with recommendations for integrating monitoring into the routine agenda of integrated health service posts (posyandu) and community empowerment groups (PKK) and for follow-up monitoring for 3–6 months to maintain the sustainability of practices.

Acne (Acne vulgaris) is one of the most common skin problems, affecting 80–85% of adolescents aged 15–18 years, with some cases persisting into adulthood. One of the associated bacteria is Staphylococcus epidermidis, a normal skin flora that can become an opportunistic pathogen. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) are known to contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate ethanol extract of bay leaves into ointments with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the disc diffusion method, and evaluate their physical quality (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability). Results showed that the ethanol extract of bay leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ointments met topical quality standards with pH 5.8–6.9, adhesion time 36–41 seconds, and spreadability 6.9–8.1 cm. Antibacterial activity increased with higher concentrations: 7.8 mm (10%), 12 mm (20%), and 15 mm (30%), although still lower than the positive control (clindamycin, 34 mm). In conclusion, ethanol extract of bay leaves has potential as an active ingredient in topical anti-acne ointments, but further studies with higher concentrations, in vivo testing, and optimized formulations are needed to achieve efficacy comparable to synthetic antibiotics.  

This community service activity was conducted at SMK Ganesha Tama Boyolali with the main objective of disseminating knowledge and practical tips on entrepreneurship and starting a business among vocational high school students. The activity aimed to provide students with an understanding of basic entrepreneurial concepts, initial steps in establishing a small business, and key factors that influence entrepreneurial success. This program was based on the importance of preparing vocational students not only to become skilled workers but also to develop the readiness to act as independent entrepreneurs. Several problems were identified prior to the activity, including students’ limited knowledge about how to start a business, fear of taking entrepreneurial risks, and low motivation to pursue entrepreneurship at an early stage. The method used in this program was mentoring through a socialization approach, supported by interactive discussions and question-and-answer sessions. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ understanding of entrepreneurship concepts and their ability to develop feasible business ideas. Most students successfully created simple business plans aligned with community needs, such as technical services, design and drawing services, planning consultancy, and mock-up services. In addition, the activity positively influenced students’ attitudes and mindset by increasing their self-confidence in presenting business ideas before their peers. Overall, this outreach program effectively fostered entrepreneurial spirit, motivation, and readiness among students at SMK Ganesha Tama Boyolali to pursue independent business opportunities after graduation.

Production planning and inventory control are critical aspects of operations management, as they directly influence cost efficiency, resource utilization, and the continuity of the production process. Ineffective planning and inventory decisions may lead to excessive costs, production delays, or imbalances between supply and demand. The complexity of these problems, which often involve multi-period horizons and multi-stage decision-making processes, has encouraged the application of quantitative optimization methods, one of which is dynamic programming. This study aims to analyze and synthesize the application of dynamic programming in production planning and inventory control through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The SLR process was conducted by systematically identifying, selecting, and analyzing 15 relevant national journal articles published between 2015 and 2024 and obtained from various recognized scientific databases. The reviewed literature indicates that dynamic programming is effective in supporting optimal decision-making by determining appropriate production quantities and inventory levels, minimizing total production and holding costs, and managing fluctuating demand conditions. In addition, this method helps reduce the risks associated with overstock and stockouts by considering sequential decision structures. However, the findings also reveal several limitations of dynamic programming, including high computational complexity, strong dependence on deterministic data assumptions, and limited flexibility in handling high levels of uncertainty. These constraints suggest the need for further methodological development or integration with other approaches to enhance practical applicability.

This research focuses on the design and evaluation of a novel parallel graph optimization algorithm incorporating dynamic load balancing (DLB) to address inefficiencies in heterogeneous computing environments. Large-scale graph optimization problems, such as those in social networks, bioinformatics, and transportation systems, often suffer from computational imbalances when using traditional static load balancing approaches, leading to underutilized resources and prolonged execution times. The primary objective of this research is to develop an algorithm that can dynamically adjust workload distribution across processors, enhancing computational efficiency and scalability. The proposed method combines heuristic techniques, including region expansion and multilevel partitioning, with diffusive load balancing strategies to minimize inter-processor communication overhead. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces execution time by up to 40% compared to static methods, with optimized resource utilization and more balanced workload distribution. The scalability of the algorithm is also evident, as it adapts effectively to increasing problem sizes and processor counts. These findings suggest that dynamic load balancing is crucial for improving parallel graph optimization in real-world applications. Future work will focus on further enhancing the algorithm’s responsiveness to rapidly changing workloads and expanding its applicability to additional domains.

This community service program aims to strengthen the managerial capacity of red lemongrass farmers in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo, Batu, East Java, through training on cash bookkeeping, income analysis, and farming feasibility evaluation. The main problems faced by farmers are limited knowledge of financial management, lack of systematic bookkeeping, and inability to evaluate the profitability of their businesses, which often results in inaccurate decision-making and low competitiveness. The method applied included participatory training, mentoring, and simulation of financial records and feasibility analysis. The results of the program demonstrate that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of structured financial recording. Farmers who previously relied only on sales revenue calculations without considering fixed and variable costs are now able to prepare cash books, identify expenses, and evaluate profit margins accurately. Cash bookkeeping has proven to improve financial transparency and accountability, while income analysis has equipped farmers with the skills to assess their business sustainability. The feasibility evaluation, using indicators such as R/C and B/C ratios, showed that red lemongrass farming is profitable but still requires efficiency improvements to increase long-term sustainability. Overall, this training has enhanced farmers’ managerial skills, encouraged independent decision-making, and strengthened their capacity to face price fluctuations and market competition. The program is expected to support the continuity and competitiveness of red lemongrass agribusiness in AMKE Oro-Oro Ombo

This study discusses the legal problems faced by tobacco farmers in Sukorejo Village, Kotaanyar District, Probolinggo Regency due to the closure of large tobacco warehouses that force them to depend on middlemen. This condition causes legal uncertainty, an imbalance in the bargaining position, and alleged violations of the principle of healthy business competition, thus having a direct impact on the economic sustainability of farmers. The focus of this research is to describe the practice of business competition and its impact on tobacco farmers and explain the form of legal protection from the perspective of business competition law and sharia economic law. The research method used is empirical law with a sociology approach to law and legislation, through observations, interviews, and documentation from farmers, middlemen, and factories. The results of the study show that there is dominance of middlemen in cooperation with large factories so that farmers lose freedom in determining prices. This condition does not reflect the principles of fairness and transparency in business competition. Legal protection is still weak because there is no regulation of the basic price or a definite buying and selling mechanism. In the perspective of sharia economic law, the practice violates the principles of al-adl (justice) and al-amanah (honesty). In conclusion, preventive legal protection is needed in the form of price regulation and the establishment of marketing cooperatives, as well as repressive protection through law enforcement against unfair business competition practices.

Diarrhea and Tuberculosis (TB) remain significant public health problems in Indonesia, including Rembang Regency. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal changes of Diarrhea and TB cases in Rembang Regency during 2023–2024 using a Geographic Information Sistem (GIS) approach. A descriptive-analytic method was applied using secondary data, including administrative boundary shapefiles, disease case data, and health facility data at the sub-district level. Spatial processing and analysis were conducted using QGIS to produce thematic maps and compare disease distribution patterns between years. The results indicate that Diarrhea and TB cases were unevenly distributed across sub-districts and formed distinct spatial patterns. Case changes between 2023 and 2024 varied spatially, reflecting dynamic disease trends. The integration of disease maps with health facility distribution shows that areas with high case numbers were not always supported by adequate health facilities. The implementation of GIS-based maps into a web platform enhances accessibility and supports spatial-based public health decision-making.

The phenomenon of unregistered marriages in Indonesia is a complex issue that continues to spark debate between religious legitimacy and legal validity under national law. From an Islamic legal perspective, marriage is considered valid if it meets the essential pillars and requirements, such as the presence of a guardian, two witnesses, a dowry, and the consent (ijab qabul) both the bride and groom. However, according Indonesian national law, specifically Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), every marriage must be officially registered to receive legal recognition and protection. This discrepancy between the two legal systems raises serious problems, particularly regarding the legal status of wives and children, inheritance rights, and legal protection for women in both the private and public spheres. This study aims analyze the issue of unregistered marriages in Indonesia from the perspectives of Islamic law and national law, and to identify the social and legal impacts unregistered marriages. The approach used is normative-juridical, by analyzing legislation, classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature, and empirical case studies in the community. Research findings indicate that although unregistered marriages are considered valid religiously, they lack legal force the eyes of the state, leading to unequal rights for women and children. This situation results in difficulties obtaining birth certificates, inheritance rights, and legal protection cases divorce or domestic violence. This research emphasizes the need for synchronization between Islamic and national legal systems through strengthening regulations and public education regarding the importance of marriage registration.

The public complaint system is an important facility for the police institution to improve the quality of public services, particularly in receiving, processing, and following up on various reports and complaints from the public. However, in practice, the complaint process is still largely carried out manually, such as through face-to-face interactions, paper-based forms, or direct communication that is not well documented. This gives rise to problems such as delays in handling, difficulties in tracking the history and status of reports, low work efficiency of officers, and limited transparency of information for reporters. These problems ultimately affect the level of public trust in the police institution. This study aims to design a web-based public complaint information system that supports a more structured, measurable, and transparent complaint management process. This system is designed by implementing the Kanban method as a workflow management tool that allows for prioritization, monitoring the handling process, and tracking the status of complaints in real time. The research methods include a literature review related to information systems and the Kanban method, direct observation of the existing complaint process, interviews with stakeholders, system requirements analysis, modeling using UML (Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram), and database design using Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). The results of this research resulted in the design of a web-based public complaints information system that can facilitate complaint data recording, report management and status updates, task assignments to officers, performance monitoring, and complaint status notification to the public.

This study aims to develop a Student Progress Assessment Information System for PAUD Laskar Pelangi as a solution to various problems that arise in the academic data management process, which was previously carried out manually. The management of student grades, student data, class data, and subject data often encountered obstacles such as delays, recording errors, difficulty in searching for data, and inaccuracies in report preparation. To overcome these issues, a web-based information system was developed to manage all data in an integrated and more efficient manner. The system development method used the Website Development Life Cycle approach, and the application was implemented using the PHP programming language. The system is designed to enable the admin to manage student data, class data, subject data, grades, and automatically generate student grade reports. Database implementation was carried out to ensure that data is stored properly and can be accessed easily. Functional testing was conducted to ensure that all features operate according to user needs. The results of the study show that the developed information system is capable of improving administrative efficiency, accelerating the grade processing workflow, minimizing recording errors, and generating student grade reports quickly and accurately. Therefore, this system provides significant benefits for PAUD Laskar Pelangi in improving the effectiveness of academic administrative management and can be further developed according to the school's needs.

Hypertension in the elderly requires long-term treatment to prevent cardiovascular consequences. Adherence to antihypertensive medication is crucial for blood pressure management. Adherence to antihypertensive medication is a crucial aspect in hypertension management. Poor adherence can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular problems, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. This study aims to determine the correlation between adherence to antihypertensive medication and blood pressure in the elderly at the Ronggo Husada Primary Inpatient Clinic in Malang. This study used a cross-sectional design. The cohort consisted of 52 geriatric patients with hypertension who consistently visited the Ronggo Husada Primary Inpatient Clinic in Malang. The sample consisted of 40 patients. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Research factors included medication adherence and blood pressure. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire. This study was conducted at the Ronggo Husada Primary Inpatient Clinic in Malang on November 6, 2025. Data processing used the Chi-square test. The analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses, using the Chi-square test. The results showed that more than 50% of elderly participants demonstrated moderate adherence to antihypertensive medication (18 individuals (45%). Nearly 50% of elderly participants suffered from stage I hypertension (14 individuals (35%), and stage II hypertension (11 individuals (27.5%). Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between adherence to antihypertensive medication and blood pressure in the elderly, with a p-value of 0.000, which is below the alpha threshold of 0.05 (5%). Elderly individuals who demonstrated strong adherence had better blood pressure regulation compared to those with poor adherence. These results emphasize the importance of adherence to therapy in the management of hypertension in the elderly.    

The use of technology in elementary school learning plays a crucial role in improving the quality of the educational process. One frequently used tool is the infocus (LCD projector), which serves to present learning materials in visual and audiovisual forms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using infocus-based learning media in elementary schools and its impact on student learning. The method used was a qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of infocus can improve students' concentration, motivation, and understanding of the subject matter, as the presentation becomes more engaging and easier to understand. However, the use of infocus in elementary schools still faces various challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, teacher readiness to operate the equipment, and technical problems such as power problems and additional devices. Therefore, supporting facilities and improving teacher skills are needed to ensure the effective and sustainable use of infocus as a learning medium.

Early detection of child growth and development is a crucial effort to prevent developmental delays and health problems in children. Family involvement plays a significant role because the family is the closest environment to the child and has continuous interaction in daily life. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a family education program in improving parents’ knowledge and skills in detecting child growth and development. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest–posttest method. The population consisted of families with children aged 0–6 years, with samples selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and observation sheets measuring parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to growth and developmental detection. Data analysis was conducted using paired sample t-tests. The results showed a significant increase in parents’ knowledge and skills after participating in the family education program. The findings indicate that structured and continuous family education can enhance parents’ ability to monitor child growth and development independently. This study implies that family-based education programs can be integrated into community health services as a preventive strategy to improve child health outcomes.

The development of information technology requires service companies to improve the effectiveness and quality of their services, including in the field of electrical installation services. CV Givas Jaya Sentosa still faces problems in managing orders, customer data, and technician scheduling, which are done manually, resulting in inefficiency. This study aims to design and build a web-based electrical installation service provider information system using the Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) method. The research method used is qualitative with a research and development (R&D) approach, through data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The system is designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling and implemented as a web application. The results of the study show that the system is able to simplify the service ordering process, improve service and technician data management, and help monitor work status in an integrated and real-time manner. Thus, this information system can improve operational efficiency and service quality at CV Givas Jaya Sentosa.

The increasing use of electronic devices, specifically gadgets, among elementary school children has caused various problems, such as addiction, decreased social interaction, health problems, and decreased concentration in learning. These problems involve not only children but also objects and things around them, as well as parents in managing them. Gadget use is not just a matter of quantity that exacerbates this condition. As a solution, the community service team held a socialization focused on improving healthy digital literacy through counseling, interactive discussions, and practical simulations. Results achieved included increased knowledge about the risks of excessive gadget use, increased collective awareness in limiting usage time, and the formation of practical guidelines for healthy gadget use in school and family environments. The results of the activity were documented in the form of a scientific article published in the community service journal as an academic contribution. Overall, the activity has gone according to plan in terms of planning, implementation, and partner involvement. Active participation of participants was evident in the enthusiasm in the discussions and the school's commitment to continuously monitoring gadget use. Thus, this program is expected to have a long-term positive impact in shaping wise behavior in using technology among elementary school children.

The flood disaster that hit Medan City caused a multidimensional impact on the community, especially the psychological impact experienced by the victims. In addition to material losses, flood victims often face emotional distress in the form of anxiety, stress, trauma, and a sense of loss. This study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of individual counseling in dealing with the psychological problems of post-flood victims. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of victims who receive individual counseling services. The results show that individual counseling plays an important role in helping victims understand their emotional state, manage stress, and rebuild hope and resilience after disasters. Individualized counseling also provides a safe space for victims to express their feelings, gain support, and develop adaptive strategies in dealing with trauma. These findings confirm that psychological interventions based on individual counseling can be one of the effective approaches in disaster victim recovery, especially floods, so that it can strengthen psychosocial aspects and improve the quality of life after disasters. Thus, this research contributes to the development of more responsive and sustainable counseling services in the context of disaster management in Indonesia.

This study is motivated by the context of religiosity in later life, which is characterized by various forms of decline, both emotional and spiritual, that may hinder the religious practices of older adults. The study aims to examine the condition of religiosity in the elderly phase. The main focus of this research is to explore and analyze the definition of old age, the characteristics of religiosity in later life, to identify religious problems commonly experienced by the elderly, and to examine the well-being of religious life during old age. This study employs a qualitative research method using a library research approach. The findings indicate that various challenges encountered in old age, such as anxiety, fear of death, and other psychological pressures, can be addressed through religious practices. Acts of worship, prayer, and spiritual reflection are able to provide inner peace, enhance the meaning of life, foster social harmony, cultivate acceptance of life’s realities, and help older adults respond to challenges in accordance with contemporary developments.