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Technological developments in the agricultural sector, especially in the hydroponic method, provide solutions for optimizing plant growth in urban environments. This research integrates ESP32 microcontroller technology with a DS18B20 temperature sensor and TDS sensor to monitor and control temperature and nutrient quality in a hydroponic system. In addition, the Sugeno fuzzy logic method is used for automatic water quality monitoring.

Familicide or murder of a nuclear family member. Urbanization in Japan has exacerbated the risk of familicide by changing patterns of social interaction and increasing life stress. Unfortunately, Japan's criminal policy still has weaknesses in detecting and preventing familicide. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of familicide in urban Japanese society through a critical analysis of existing criminal policies. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that although the crime rate in Japan is relatively low, familicide remains a crucial issue that reveals fundamental weaknesses in the country's criminal policy. The legal approach that emphasizes post-incident responses, without being supported by adequate early prevention mechanisms, indicates an urgent need to reform the policy. Reforms must include proactive efforts to detect potential risks and implement coordinated interventions to prevent violence.

Globalization has induced substantial changes across multiple facets of life in Indonesia, encompassing social, economic, and cultural dimensions. This study seeks to examine the effects of globalization on social inequality and poverty in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that globalization generates significant opportunities via access to global markets, foreign capital, and cutting-edge technologies. Nonetheless, these advantages are not uniformly allocated, leading to increasing societal inequalities. Communities possessing access to education, technology, and economic resources are more adept at leveraging globalization, but marginalized groups, such as the rural impoverished, often fall behind. Transformations in economic frameworks, urban development, and the impact of global culture intensify regional and socioeconomic disparities. While globalization can alleviate poverty via economic expansion, its advantages frequently favor particular demographics, therefore exacerbating the disparity between the affluent and the impoverished. This study underscores the significance of inclusive and equitable measures to alleviate the adverse effects of globalization. The government must improve access to education, technology, and economic opportunities for marginalized people while bolstering regional development to promote equality. Effective management of globalization can facilitate sustainable development and mitigate social inequality in Indonesia. Without sufficient action, globalization threatens to intensify inequalities and poverty within society.

This study explores the dynamics of Coffee Shops in fostering creative tourism in Mataram City, focusing on their role as a bridge between urban lifestyle experiences and local cultural promotion. As a relatively new phenomenon, coffee tourism remains an underdeveloped academic subject, with limited primary data available to understand its potential opportunities. The purpose of this research is to address these gaps by examining how Coffee Shops contribute to creative tourism, local economic development, and cultural preservation. Employing qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and documentation, the study identifies key strategies and challenges faced by Coffee Shops in Mataram. Findings reveal that Coffee Shops not only enhance urban tourism experiences but also act as platforms for promoting local coffee products and cultural narratives. However, challenges such as supply chain instability, fragmented institutional policies, and limited integration with formal tourism sectors hinder their full potential. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on coffee tourism by providing insights into its role in sustainable urban tourism development and offering recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders.

This study discusses the influence of the waste bank program on fulfilling household nutrition in Belawan II. In this context, the problem of child nutrition is a major challenge, especially in urban areas with low economic levels. Medan Belawan District faces nutritional problems due to limited access to nutritious food and low community income, which often hinders the fulfillment of balanced nutrition for children and other vulnerable groups. In addition, this study also highlights the relationship between waste problems and child nutrition, where suboptimal waste management has a negative impact on environmental health and the quality of life of the community. This has the potential to hinder the growth and development of children who should get adequate nutritional intake. The waste bank program is expected to increase family income through better waste management, which in turn can improve access and quality of food consumed by households. Thus, this program not only functions as a solution to waste management, but also as an intervention that supports improving household nutrition in the community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to describe the presence of the digital waste bank movement as a digital-based environmental movemen that can have a positive impact on fulfilling household nutrition in Belawan II, especially amidst the challenges faced during the pandemic.

Abstract. Traditional Javanese architecture, especially joglo houses, reflect the harmonious relationship between humans, nature, and God through designs that are loaded with symbolism and philosophy. The joglo house not only serves as a place to live, but also as a space for religious and social rituals, reflecting the spiritual values and belief system of the Javanese people. In this article, we discuss the elements of joglo house design, such as soko guru, towering roofs, and spatial layouts that depict social and spiritual hierarchies. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies to analyze how traditional Javanese architectural design reflects the cultural values and spirituality of its people. The results of the study show that the preservation of joglo houses as a cultural heritage is very important, but it faces great challenges due to modernization and urbanization. Preservation efforts through cultural education, culture-based tourism, and cross-sectoral cooperation are relevant solutions to maintain the continuity of this traditional architecture.

The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is one of the strategic measures to address urban transportation problems, such as congestion and limited mobility. The Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy channeled through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) plays an important role in supporting this project, both in financial and technical terms. This study aims to analyze the contribution of ODA policy in the development of Jakarta MRT, particularly its impact on improving transportation infrastructure, economic growth, and environmental quality. The research method used is a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from official documents, reports, and related studies. The result shows that the policy of Official Development Assistance (ODA) through JICA in the construction of MRT Jakarta has significantly contributed to the improvement of transportation infrastructure, congestion reduction, and economic growth. The technical and financial support from JICA enables Indonesia to utilize Japanese technology to create a sustainable transportation system.

This research examines the legal aspects of collaborative programs in integrated waste management systems in Batam City. The study focuses on analyzing the regulatory framework, identifying implementation challenges, and developing recommendations for effective multi-stakeholder collaboration. Using a mixed normative and empirical juridical approach, data was collected through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The findings reveal significant regulatory fragmentation between central and local governments, coordination gaps among stakeholders, and legal barriers in public-private partnerships. The research proposes improvements to the legal framework, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and developing supportive legal instruments. The study contributes to understanding how regulatory frameworks can better facilitate collaborative waste management programs in urban settings.

This study aims to describe the Analysis of the Implementation of Policy and Integrated Transportation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Medan City. The qualitative research method is also known as a method where the research is conducted under natural conditions. This research method is a scientific procedure or approach to obtain data with specific objectives. Data analysis is the process of systematically searching for and organizing data. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data obtained are then analysed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that the Medan City Government is currently implementing significant development in urban mobility with two main activities: the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and the development of Kesawan and Merdeka Square areas. Both activities emphasize the importance of developing pedestrian and cyclist facilities while facilitating the people of Medan City in accessing public transportation. These efforts are positive actions taken by the Medan City Government toward the development of sustainable urban mobility while ensuring that all corners of Medan City can be reached by quality public transportation.

The problem of anemia in adolescents is still a fundamental problem in the world. Anemia is associated with insufficient food intake and low food quality. Factors that correlate with the incidence of anemia in adolescents both in urban and rural areas are age, sex, health status of toddlers (ARI, diarrhea, tuberculosis), physical activity, nutritional status, breakfast, and diet, parenting and so on. This study aims to determine the anemia in adolescents. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted in February-March 2024 in Cinta Damai Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. The population in this study were all toddlers aged 12-18 years. A sample of 89 people was taken by total sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaire sheets. The data obtained were analyzed univariately, bivariately using chi square and multivariate tests. The results showed that there was a relationship between infectious diseases (p =), toddler diet (p =) and parenting style (p =) with anemia in adolescents because the p value < 0.05. There was no relationship between giving MP-ASI too early and anemia in toddlers with a value of p = 0.647 > 0.05. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of anemia during pregnancy with breakfast (p = 0.003), diet (p = 0.001) and head circumference because the p value < 0.05. There is no significant relationship between the incidence of anemia during pregnancy and chest circumference in newborns at the Jambi Kecil Muaro Jambi Health Center in 2023 with p values of 0.001 > 0.05. The most dominant factor affecting anemia in toddlers is the diet of toddlers with a value of p = 0.001 with OR = 13.108. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide information and recommendations to conduct a series of counseling and counseling activities for mothers of toddlers to prevent and overcome the problem of underweight.

This study aims to explore the influence of religiosity on depression levels among working women in Indonesia, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007-2014. With the increasing participation of women in the workforce, the challenge of maintaining mental health, particularly depression, becomes increasingly relevant. Employing a quantitative approach and logistic regression analysis, this study examines the relationship between religiosity, socioeconomic variables, and depression levels. The results show that religiosity has a significant positive effect on the probability of not experiencing depression, while age, education, and income also exhibit significant positive influences. Conversely, living in urban areas is found to have a significant negative impact. These findings highlight the importance of religiosity and socioeconomic factors in shaping the mental well-being of working women in Indonesia.

The aim of this research is to determine the performance of government officials in implementing effective governance in Tanjung Unggat Village, Tanjungpinang City. This research uses descriptive analysis methods with a qualitative approach. This research was also obtained from the results of interviews, questionnaires and observations. As well as carrying out data analysis in a structured and systematic manner, according to the focus of the problem using performance appraisal theory. The results obtained from this research are that the performance of employees at the Tanjung Unggat Subdistrict Office, in terms of serving the community, has good performance, which can be measured through several indicators such as subdistrict office employees obeying work rules, being able to work together to carry out various activities within an organization including decision making, measuring work results, and interaction with existing regulations. And employees show that the services provided to the community are always carried out seriously, politely, with a sense of responsibility and ethics.

Urbanization is an inevitable phenomenon in many developing countries, including Indonesia, which has experienced rapid growth in recent decades. This study aims to analyze the impact of urbanization on economic development in big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. The literature study method is used to collect and analyze various relevant sources. The findings show that although urbanization can drive economic growth and job creation, it also brings significant challenges, such as housing problems, congestion, and pollution. This study concludes that effective management of urbanization requires an integrated and sustainable policy approach. Recommendations for further research and government policies are also presented to support sustainable urban development in Indonesia.

This article aims to analyze Semarang's city diplomacy in solving environmental problems. Cities have an increasingly large role to play in this globalization era due to complex global issues, especially environmental issues. Cities are also having difficulty dealing with globalization due to the speed of population growth, economic pressures, excessive land use, and the increasing use of motor vehicles that release pollutants into the air. To address these issues, cities around the world are doing their best to find cooperative solutions through diplomacy. In addition, many national capitals cannot handle multiple tasks and, therefore, need to delegate some of their burden to other cities. In line with these objectives, this study utilizes an exploratory and descriptive qualitative research method, focusing on Semarang's diplomacy efforts. This study found that the Semarang city government has been perceived as an institution with clear political objectives that is fully committed to the practice of city diplomacy to engage directly, albeit in a limited way, in multilateral and bilateral international cooperation to find solutions to its environmental problems. The city government is no longer seen as an object of implementation of program plans formulated at the central level but also has the opportunity to formulate strategic plans or bottom-up procedures based on the needs of local communities and the suitability of the model with environmentally sustainable urban development.

Indonesia's micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) continue to encounter a range of obstacles, particularly in enhancing their productivity and competitiveness. The 2020 survey conducted by the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs indicates that Indonesia still has substantial challenges in terms of education quality, especially in rural and underdeveloped urban areas. Several factors, such as the availability of high-quality education, access to educational resources, and the level of teaching excellence, can significantly impact individuals' capacity to effectively manage their enterprises and promote innovation (Kemendikbud RI, 2020). This study investigates the link between knowledge sharing practices, innovation, and employee performance within Indonesian MSMEs. Through exploratory analysis, it offers fresh insights into how innovation and knowledge sharing behaviour can affect employee performance in Indonesian MSMEs. The main objective is to analyse and explore the impact of innovation and information sharing behaviours on employee performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Based on this research and its findings, several strategies have been identified. These strategies aim to explore the complex relationship between an employee's performance, their willingness to share knowledge, and their ability to demonstrate innovative behaviours in MSMEs. Future study could focus on improving the quality of human resources, specifically in areas such as knowledge, expertise, competence, and entrepreneurial attitude. Investing in the development of human resources yields benefits for both MSME business owners and the overall well-being of workers..

This research examines the strategies implemented by the Batam City Government in improving illegal urban settlements, with a focus on informal housing areas. The rapid urbanization and migration to Batam have led to the development of informal settlements, which often lack proper infrastructure, housing quality, and access to basic services. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of government programs aimed at improving these areas, particularly through initiatives focused on housing quality enhancement and urban planning. Through a case study approach, the research explores policy frameworks, stakeholder involvement, and community participation in the improvement process. The findings highlight key challenges and opportunities in addressing informal settlements, providing recommendations for better integration of these areas into the formal urban fabric. Ultimately, the research seeks to contribute to the understanding of sustainable urban development strategies for cities facing similar issues of informal settlement growth.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a hybrid citizen–AI legal monitoring system in enhancing urban environmental governance. The hybrid system integrates citizen-driven reporting platforms with AI-powered legal monitoring tools to address the challenges of weak public oversight in urban environmental management. By implementing the system in three metropolitan areas, the study explores how real-time data collection through citizen reports, combined with AI-driven analysis, can improve the accuracy, speed, and responsiveness of identifying environmental violations. The results showed a 45% improvement in oversight effectiveness, demonstrating the potential of hybrid systems to enhance monitoring capabilities beyond traditional methods. The AI system, capable of analyzing large datasets and providing timely insights, enabled quicker identification and categorization of violations such as pollution and waste management issues. The integration of citizen involvement through digital platforms allowed for more inclusive data collection, enhancing the quality and volume of information available for decision-making. This synergy between human participation and AI-driven analysis improved the speed of response to urban environmental challenges, making the system more adaptive and efficient. However, challenges such as data reliability and variable citizen participation rates were identified, suggesting the need for strategies to encourage consistent engagement and ensure the accuracy of reported data. The study concludes that hybrid citizen–AI systems can significantly improve urban governance by enhancing transparency, accountability, and responsiveness, offering a promising solution for cities seeking to address environmental issues more effectively.

This study aims to examine the development of clean water infrastructure in Dumai City to fulfill the community's clean water requirements. The clean water infrastructure possessed by the City of Dumai has failed to satisfy the comprehensive needs of the population. Consequently, the government addresses this issue by developing air infrastructure and implementing additional measures to resolve it. This scientific endeavor employs a descriptive qualitative method and the researcher’s observation. The study's findings reveal that PDAM Tirta Dumai Bersemai in Dumai City has failed to satisfy the water requirements of its residents. Consequently, development is requisite via multiple initiatives, including the establishment of a Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) through Public Private Partnership (PPP), the National Urban Water Supply Project (NUSWP), and Regional SPAM Development via DUROLIS Regional SPAM (Dumai - Rokan Hilir – Bengkalis).

The district office is one of the forefront public service agencies which its performance is directly felt and catched by the public, but the performance of its employees are stil not optimal. The main purpose of this research is to determine the priority of the employee's performance improvement policies of the district offices in the Semarang regional government. This research is using qualitative approach by analyzing the work ability, work facility, standard operational procedure and work discipline as the alternative variables in order to achieve the work performance improvement as the goals variable. The population of this research is 27 district offices in the Semarang renal government with the samples that being used are 13 persons hat consist the key informants, the main informants and the supporting informant who's being chosen though some determined criteria. The results of the analysis using AHP method find that the work discipline is the first priority, the work ability is the second, the standard operational procedure is the third priority and the work facility is the fourth priority with the consistency ratio (CR) value is 0,01. The study's conclusion is that work discipline improvement is the first priority in the way to the employee's performance improvement of the district offices in the Semarang regional government which shows that work discipline of the public service office's employees is still not in the way they were desired to be.

The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).