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Hypertension is a condition where arterial blood pressure is persistently above normal values. Hypertension management does not only rely on pharmacological therapy, but also requires a non-pharmacological approach as a complementary effort. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used is Benson relaxation therapy and murottal Surah Al-Kahfi. Both therapies are believed to contribute to lowering blood pressure through the mechanism of reducing stress responses, increasing physiological relaxation, and achieving psychological calm. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the combination of Benson relaxation therapy and murottal Surah Al-Kahfi in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest approach and a control group. The study population was 40 people who participated in the prolanis program in Kedungdowo Village. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 36 respondents was taken, divided into two groups: 18 people in the intervention group who received a combination of Benson relaxation therapy and murottal, and 18 people in the control group who were not given any intervention. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test results in the intervention group showed an effect of Benson relaxation therapy and recitation of Surah Al-Kahf in the elderly (p-value 0.004). The control group showed a p-value of 0.102. The Mann-Whitney test results showed a p-value of 0.044, indicating a difference in post-test blood pressure in those with hypertension in the control and intervention groups.

The flood disaster that hit Medan City caused a multidimensional impact on the community, especially the psychological impact experienced by the victims. In addition to material losses, flood victims often face emotional distress in the form of anxiety, stress, trauma, and a sense of loss. This study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of individual counseling in dealing with the psychological problems of post-flood victims. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of victims who receive individual counseling services. The results show that individual counseling plays an important role in helping victims understand their emotional state, manage stress, and rebuild hope and resilience after disasters. Individualized counseling also provides a safe space for victims to express their feelings, gain support, and develop adaptive strategies in dealing with trauma. These findings confirm that psychological interventions based on individual counseling can be one of the effective approaches in disaster victim recovery, especially floods, so that it can strengthen psychosocial aspects and improve the quality of life after disasters. Thus, this research contributes to the development of more responsive and sustainable counseling services in the context of disaster management in Indonesia.

Having a child with an intellectual disability requires parents to face greater challenges in parenting, encompassing not only physical needs but also emotional and social aspects. This study aims to explore the resilience of parents of children with intellectual disabilities and the factors that influence it. Parental resilience encompasses the ability to survive, adapt, and thrive despite facing high levels of psychological stress. This study used a narrative literature review method, reviewing 11 international and national journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The results indicate that psychological stress, such as anxiety, stress, and frustration, is often experienced by parents, but high resilience can mitigate the negative impact of this stress. Factors influencing resilience include the individual characteristics of parents, the characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities, and social and environmental support. Good resilience not only supports child development but also the well-being of parents. Based on these findings, this study suggests the importance of social support and the formation of a community of parents to share experiences and provide emotional support.

Human trafficking constitutes a transnational crime that inflicts physical, psychological, and economic suffering upon its victims. This research aims to analyze the fulfillment of restitution rights for victims of human trafficking and examine preventive efforts from the immigration perspective. According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Human Trafficking, every victim has the right to restitution as compensation for losses suffered. However, implementation in practice still encounters numerous obstacles, including weak law enforcement, limited understanding among law enforcement officers, and insufficient technical regulations. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches to examine primary legal materials, including Law Number 21 of 2007, Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration, and various implementing regulations. The findings indicate that legal protection for victims of human trafficking has not been optimal, with challenges including difficulties in proving immaterial losses, dual procedural systems between the Human Trafficking Law and Criminal Procedure Code, and weak coordination among law enforcement agencies. The Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) often cannot guarantee restitution payments as determined by judges. From the immigration perspective, the Directorate General of Immigration plays a strategic role in preventing human trafficking through travel document control, implementation of the Integrated Border Control Management (IBCM) system, education for prospective migrant workers, and cross-sectoral collaboration. However, challenges persist, including complex and evolving modus operandi, limited resources in remote border areas, and inter-agency coordination obstacles. The study concludes that synergy between institutions and improvements in education and regulation are required to ensure victims' restitution rights are fulfilled effectively.  

Children constitute a vulnerable group requiring protection from sexual crimes, including pedophilia. This research aims to examine criminal law provisions protecting child victims of pedophilia crimes in Indonesia and identify obstacles in their implementation. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the findings demonstrate that legal protection is comprehensively regulated through the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Child Protection Law (Law Number 35 of 2014), Law Number 17 of 2016, and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE). These regulations provide a strong legal basis both in terms of principal criminal sanctions and additional sanctions such as chemical castration, electronic monitoring device installation, and perpetrator identity disclosure. The regulations also emphasize victims' rights to medical and psychological rehabilitation as well as identity protection. However, implementation faces several obstacles, including low case reporting rates due to stigma and taboo culture, evidentiary difficulties arising from victim trauma, weak inter-agency coordination, limited resources, and the emergence of digital pedophilia modi. Efforts to address these obstacles include strengthening law enforcement capacity, providing child-friendly justice systems, comprehensive rehabilitation services, public legal education, and synergy between government and non-government institutions in child protection.

Traffic accidents not only cause physical injuries but also significantly impact the psychological state of victims, such as trauma, anxiety, excessive fear, and other emotional disturbances. Post-accident psychological trauma can hinder daily activities and reduce the victim's quality of life if not properly treated. This study aims to examine the role of individual counseling in assisting the recovery process of psychological trauma in traffic accident victims. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design with three informants who were traffic accident victims and experienced psychological trauma. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews to explore the victims' subjective experiences during the recovery process. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that individual counseling plays a significant role in helping victims recognize and manage negative emotions, reduce anxiety and fear levels, and rebuild a sense of security, self-confidence, and adaptability. Thus, individual counseling is an effective intervention in supporting the ongoing psychological recovery of traffic accident victims.

The work of health workers is a key factor in ensuring the quality and sustainability of primary health services. However, high work demands and limited resources have the potential to weaken work involvement if they are not balanced with a perception of work meaning and adequate psychological capacity. This study aims to analyze the effect of job meaningfulness on work engagement of health workers through psychological capital as a mediating variable at the Mokoau Health Center, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. All health workers at the Mokoau Health Center as many as 70 people were used as research samples using the total sampling method. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS version 4.0. The results of the analysis showed that job meaningfulness had a positive and significant effect on psychological capital (β = 0.698; p < 0.05). Psychological capital was also shown to have a positive and significant effect on work engagement (β = 0.691; p < 0.05). Furthermore, job meaningfulness had a significant indirect effect on work engagement through psychological capital (β = 0.482; p < 0.05), which shows the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship. Job meaningfulness not only contributes directly to strengthening psychological capital, but also indirectly increases work engagement of health workers. Psychological capital plays a role as the main psychological mechanism that translates the meaning of work into higher work attachment. These findings affirm the importance of a human resource management strategy that focuses on strengthening the meaning of work and psychological capital to increase the work involvement of health workers in primary health care facilities.

The development of the modern world, characterized by advances in digital technology, globalization, and complex social dynamics, has created new challenges in child-rearing practices, particularly for Muslim families. Children require not only the fulfillment of physical needs and formal education, but also balanced emotional, social, and spiritual support. This study aims to examine the concept of child-rearing based on love and compassion from the perspective of Islamic psychology, identify the core principles of Islamic parenting, and explain its implications for children’s psychological development. This research employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method with a systematic literature review design. Data sources were obtained from academic books as well as nationally accredited journals and reputable international journals published between 2020 and 2024. The data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis to identify patterns, key concepts, and relationships among variables. The findings indicate that parenting grounded in love and compassion (rahmah), combined with role modeling, justice, and wisdom in discipline, contributes positively to children’s emotional, social, moral, and spiritual development. Warm and responsive Islamic parenting supports the development of effective emotional regulation, prosocial behavior, and the internalization of faith-based and moral values in children. The results also demonstrate a strong alignment between Islamic parenting concepts and the compassionate parenting approach in modern psychology, with Islamic psychology offering a distinctive strength in its spiritual dimension. This study contributes to the reinforcement of the theoretical framework of Islamic psychology and provides practical recommendations for parents and educators in implementing balanced parenting that integrates compassion, discipline, and Islamic values in the modern era.

Early childhood development (0–6 years) is a critical period that shapes a child’s physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, language, and moral growth. The family, as the first educational environment, plays a vital role in shaping the child’s character and adaptive skills, particularly through parent–child interactions. In Muslim communities, child-rearing focuses on not only psychological aspects but also reinforcing religious values through Islamic Parenting, which is based on the principles of rahmah (compassion), uswah (exemplary behavior), guidance, and ‘adl (justice), as outlined in the Qur’an and Hadith. This study uses a qualitative literature review to analyze the role of Islamic Parenting in early childhood development, highlighting the significance of these values. The review shows that Islamic Parenting plays a crucial role in optimizing children’s holistic development, including cognitive, social, emotional, moral, and spiritual aspects. Key components of this model include parental exemplification, compassion, religious education, positive behavior habituation, and cognitive stimulation through educational interactions. This model can be implemented through daily practices such as prayers, storytelling, and character reinforcement. In conclusion, Islamic Parenting fosters not just biological caregiving but also character, morality, and spirituality, preparing children for contemporary challenges.

The production of breast milk is essential for promoting optimal growth and developmental outcomes in infants throughout the first six months of life. Nevertheless, several studies have indicated that some breastfeeding mothers face challenges in producing adequate milk, often influenced by nutritional status, psychological conditions, and environmental support. The katuk plant (Sauropus androgynus), a well-known local herb, has long been recognized for its potential as a natural galactagogue that can stimulate breast milk production. The innovation of processing katuk leaf extract into biscuits offers a more practical, convenient, and potentially acceptable alternative for daily consumption among the community. The present study aimed to examine the impact of katuk leaf biscuits on breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers within the jurisdiction of Kuta Baro Health Center, Aceh Besar District. A pre-experimental design utilizing a one-group pretest–posttest method was implemented, involving 20 breastfeeding mothers who fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through the administration of questionnaires and by measuring breast milk volume using a calibrated measuring cup.The study findings indicated that before the intervention, most participants had relatively low breast milk production, averaging 69.1 ml. After a seven-day intervention, the mean breast milk volume showed a significant increase to 246.5 ml, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the findings indicate that katuk leaf biscuits exert a significant influence on increasing breast milk production. Overall, this study underscores the potential of locally sourced, herbal-based food innovations as an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing breast milk production and supporting the success of exclusive breastfeeding programs.

Compliance in paying contributions is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, especially in the Non-Wage Workers (PBPU) segment who make payments independently. However, the level of compliance of PBPU participants in Jakarta City is still low, as indicated by the high rate of contribution arrears and the large number of deactivated memberships. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence compliance in paying National Health Insurance (JKN) contributions in the Non-Wage Workers (PBPU) segment in Jakarta City in 2025. The research design used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach, involving 180 respondents. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between perception and compliance (p = 0.002), income with compliance (p = 0.046), and motivation with compliance (p = 0.000). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.291) and sanctions (p = 0.103) on compliance in paying contributions. These findings indicate that psychological and economic aspects have a strong influence on driving compliance with JKN premiums. Therefore, efforts to improve compliance need to focus on enhancing positive perceptions, internal motivation, and sustainable income for participants. Perception is the most dominant factor influencing compliance among PBPU participants. Strategies to increase education and improve services are needed to boost compliance and ensure the sustainability of the JKN program.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis, largely driven by dominant T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) immune responses. Psoriasis is associated with metabolic, psychological, cardiovascular, and arthritic comorbidities. Vitamin D plays an important role in the management of psoriasis. Calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃), regulates keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Vitamin D supports the formation of the cornified envelope as well as epidermal lipid and ceramide production, also acts synergistically with the epidermal calcium gradient to maintain barrier function. In addition to its epidermal effects, vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory actions by enhancing regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)), while suppressing Th1/Th17 activity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)). These mechanisms highlight its potential role in psoriasis therapy. Topical vitamin D₃ analogues are effective for mild to moderate disease due to the high expression of vitamin D receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes. Oral supplementation has also been explored for its systemic immunomodulatory effects, although findings remain inconsistent.  

This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study design to explore the psychological impacts of traffic accidents on victims. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the main trauma-related symptoms include intense negative thoughts or emotions, such as sudden fear, nausea, and mood changes characterized by increased sadness and irritability. Additionally, sleep disturbances were observed, including vivid nightmares, flashbacks when attempting to sleep, and physical reactions such as heart palpitations. Avoidance behaviors were also noted, such as avoiding the accident location, rarely leaving the house, and avoiding conversations related to the accident. Traffic accidents are sudden, unexpected events that can cause not only physical injuries but also profound psychological impacts, including fear, excessive anxiety, nightmares, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If left untreated, these psychological disorders may interfere with daily functioning and significantly reduce the quality of life of the victims, making early intervention crucial for recovery.

Academic stress has become a significant psychological issue among university students, particularly during periods of high academic pressure such as examinations, intensive coursework, and academic performance demands. Excessive academic stress may negatively affect students’ psychological well-being, learning motivation, and academic performance. This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of academic stress and psychological responses among students during periods of high academic pressure. A qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological perspective was employed to capture students’ lived experiences. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with six student participants selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, involving open, axial, and selective coding to identify emerging themes. The findings reveal that the main sources of academic stress include excessive academic workload, time management difficulties, high self-expectations, and external academic pressures. Students experienced varying levels of stress ranging from mild to severe, manifested through psychological responses such as anxiety, emotional instability, mental fatigue, decreased concentration, and reduced motivation. The study also found that students applied diverse coping strategies, including adaptive strategies such as time management, seeking social support, and self-reflection, as well as maladaptive strategies such as procrastination and emotional withdrawal. These findings highlight that academic stress is a complex and subjective experience influenced by individual perceptions and coping capacities. The study implies the importance of supportive academic environments and accessible mental health services in higher education institutions to promote students’ psychological well-being and resilience. The results may serve as a reference for developing preventive and promotive mental health programs for students facing academic stress..    

This study discusses the practice and meaning of Sholawat Amrik as a living tradition that develops in the Ahlus Shafa wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School, Sidoarjo, East Java. Sholawat Amrik is not only practiced in a series of formal ritual worship, but also is present continuously in the daily lives of students and worshippers, such as before meals, after prayers, in routine recitations, and various other collective spiritual activities. This shows that prayer is understood not just as a verbal reading, but as a religious practice that is alive and integrated with the daily pattern of Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to analyze the role of Sholawat Amrik in the process of internalizing religious values, strengthening spirituality, forming religious habits, and strengthening social relations in the pesantren community. The research approach used is qualitative with phenomenological methods, through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out by linking the findings to Glock and Stark's theory of religiosity, Charles Duhigg's theory of habit formation, and the concept of tazkiyatun nafs in the Sufism tradition of Imam al-Ghazali. The results of the study show that Sholawat Amrik has theological-spiritual, psychological, and social dimensions that contribute to purification of the soul, inner peace, and community solidarity. This practice forms a sustainable religious habit through a cue–routine–reward pattern, so that it becomes an integral part of the lifestyle of students and can be understood as a sufistic heritage that remains relevant in the modern era.

Student resilience is an essential capacity for coping with academic, social, and psychological challenges in educational settings. One of the external factors that plays a significant role in fostering resilience is social support. This study aims to analyze the role of social support in enhancing student resilience from the perspective of Islamic educational psychology. This research employed a library research approach by reviewing and synthesizing relevant journal articles and scholarly books published between 2021 and 2025 related to social support, student resilience, and Islamic educational psychology. Data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis of previous research findings. The results indicate that social support derived from family, teachers, peers, and the school environment functions as a protective factor that enhances students’ adaptive abilities, emotional regulation, and resilience in facing academic pressures. From the perspective of Islamic educational psychology, social support is integrated with Islamic values such as ukhuwah (brotherhood), ta’awun (mutual assistance), sabr (patience), and tawakkul (trust in God), which strengthen students’ resilience in a holistic manner, encompassing both psychological and spiritual dimensions. This study contributes theoretically to the development of Islamic educational psychology and provides practical implications for educational institutions in creating supportive and value-based learning environments.

This study aims to describe the forms of emotional trauma experienced by adolescent victims of verbal violence in Tuntungan Village 1. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method on three adolescents who were purposively selected based on their experiences of verbal violence in their family environment. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation to obtain a comprehensive picture of the psychological condition of the research subjects. The obtained data were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively through the processes of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that verbal violence has a significant impact on the emotional health of adolescents, including decreased learning motivation, the emergence of withdrawal behavior from social environments, and the loss of a sense of security and comfort within the family. In addition, harsh, demeaning, and repetitive family communication patterns form a negative self-concept in adolescents, which has the potential to affect personality development and social relationships in the future. The findings of this study emphasize the important role of families, schools, and communities in creating a supportive environment, as well as the need for preventive efforts and psychosocial interventions to prevent and address emotional trauma in adolescents on an ongoing basis.

The transition period from adolescence to early adulthood is marked by a search for identity and life direction, which often triggers a quarter-life crisis among Gen Z students. This qualitative research with a case study approach explores how peer social support helps Gen Z students navigate the quarter-life crisis in the Social Youth Community. The findings reveal that students experience seven dimensions of the quarter-life crisis: difficulty in making decisions, loss of hope, negative self-perception, feeling stuck, restlessness, psychological stress, and excessive anxiety. Peer social support is manifested in three ways: affective assistance through empathetic listening, informative support through advice and guidance, and tangible help through physical presence and time commitment. The perceived benefits include feeling valued, emotional strength through care and affection, peace of mind that reduces restlessness, and an understanding of friendship networks that foster optimism. This research contributes to the development of a peer-based mentoring approach in higher education to effectively help Gen Z cope with the quarter-life crisis.

The rapid development of information technology has increased the use of online lending services, including illegal platforms that impose excessive interest rates, misuse personal data, and employ intimidating debt collection practices. Limited legal and digital literacy has made communities more vulnerable to these risks. This Community Service Program aims to enhance the understanding of residents in Kradenan Village, Tuban Regency regarding the characteristics of illegal online loans, their social, economic, and psychological impacts, and the relevant legal protections under regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and OJK Regulation No. 77/2016. Through participatory legal education and interactive discussions, the program achieved full participation and improved participants’ knowledge by up to 75%. Residents became more capable of identifying illegal loan applications, recognizing data misuse risks, and understanding preventive measures and available legal remedies. This program effectively increased public awareness to use digital financial services more responsibly and avoid the dangers of illegal online lending.

This journal analyzes sexual violence by educators against students by analyzing Supreme Court Decision No. 5642 K/Pid.Sus/2022 using normative legal research methods. The primary focus of this research is the abuse of power relations by perpetrators holding positions of authority, as well as the legal protections afforded to child victims. Furthermore, this paper compares the provisions on sexual violence in the Child Protection Law and the Sexual Violence Criminal Law (UU TPKS). The findings indicate that courts impose harsher sentences on perpetrators who abuse their trust as educators and place victims at the center of the legal process, ensuring guarantees of recovery, psychological rehabilitation, restitution, and the right to education. The judges' approach in the ruling also reflects the spirit and principles of victim protection as outlined in the TPKS Law, including recognition of power dynamics, psychological pressure, and the importance of a victim-centered perspective. The TPKS Law expands the scope of sexual violence beyond physical aspects to include psychological and structural dimensions, which were previously not clearly regulated in other laws.  Therefore, this paper emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the two laws to create a more just, progressive, and victim-centered legal system, especially for children in educational settings. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening a more comprehensive and child-oriented legal approach.