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Stunting is one of the growth disorders that occur in childhood under two years. Stunting events can be influenced by two factors, namely direct factors and indirect factors. Based on data from the Tual City Health Office, the number of stunting cases in Tual City was recorded in 2021 as many as 308 cases and 74 cases in North Dullah District. The purpose of this study is to find out the picture of risk factors for stunting events in children aged 9-24 months in the puskesmas work area in North Dullah District of Tual City for the period 2021. This research is quantitative research, a type of observational descriptive research with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was children aged 9 months to 24 months who experienced stunting and domiciled in North Dullah District for the 2021 period as many as 71 children and then given questionnaires to be filled out.  The data obtained is presented in the form of a table accompanied by explanations and arranged and grouped according to the purpose of the research. The results showed that in the North Dullah Health Center of Tual City, as many as 71 children aged 9-24 years experienced stunting, as many as 47 stunting children (66.2%) aged 9-24 months did not experience BBLR (not at risk), the sex of stunting children aged 9-24 months who were most found was male, namely as many as 47 children (66.2%), most children did not get exclusively breast milk, namely as many as 45 children (63.4%) and most children were immunized as many as 41.  children (57.7%). The most maternal education level is high school as many as 32 people (45.1%) and many parents' incomes are in the low category of 68 cases (95.8%).  

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The high risk of dengue transmission is greatly influenced by the density of mosquito larvae which correlates with environmental conditions and community behavior. This study aims to describe the density level of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in the working area of the Gandus Health Center in Palembang City in 2025 through the measurement of House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI), Larvae-Free Numbers (ABJ), and Density Figure (DF). The method used was descriptive observational with a purposive proportional random sampling technique on 100 households in three RTs. Data was collected through direct observation using checklist sheets. The results showed that the HI was 66%, CI was 44%, BI was 107%, and ABJ was only 34%, which indicates that the larval density is very high and far below the WHO standard (≥ 95%). The DF value is in the range of 7–9, reinforcing the finding of high vector density. This condition shows that the area is at high risk of dengue transmission. Interventions are needed in the form of regular mosquito nest eradication (PSN), increasing public education, and strengthening the role of jumantic cadres in sustainable vector control.

Based on global reports, there were 247 million malaria cases in 2021, increasing from 245 million cases in 2020. In Indonesia, the Ministry of Health recorded 254,055 malaria cases in 2020. Three provinces—Maluku, Papua, and West Papua—have not yet achieved malaria elimination. Malaria is an acute febrile disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted to humans through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It remains a significant public health problem due to its impact on morbidity, mortality, and productivity in endemic areas. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status and malaria incidence among patients in the working area of Senggo Health Center. An analytical descriptive approach with a cross-sectional study design was applied. The study population included all malaria patients examined at Senggo Health Center, Citak Mitak District, Papua, totaling 559 patients in February. A sample of 243 respondents was selected using the Table for Determining Needed Size of a Random Sample. Results showed that most respondents suffered from mild malaria, and the majority had normal nutritional status. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between nutritional status and malaria incidence in the Senggo Health Center area. Respondents with poor nutritional status were more likely to experience malaria with severe symptoms compared to those with normal or good nutritional status. These findings highlight the critical role of nutrition in malaria prevention. Nutritional interventions should be integrated with vector control measures and public health education to reduce malaria incidence and improve community health. Improving nutritional status, particularly in endemic regions, is essential for enhancing immunity, reducing disease severity, and supporting overall malaria control efforts. Nutritional status significantly influences malaria incidence. Public health programs targeting nutritional improvement are necessary to complement existing malaria control strategies, reduce case numbers, and promote better health outcomes in endemic areas.

Efficient management of patient queues is essential in healthcare systems to ensure timely care, optimize resource utilization, and enhance patient satisfaction. Mathematical programming, particularly when applied in conjunction with queuing theory and optimization models, provides a rigorous framework for analyzing and improving healthcare service delivery. This approach involves modeling arrivals and service processes, applying queuing models (such as single-server, multi-server, and priority queues), and formulating optimization objectives—often to minimize total costs, patient waiting times, or resource idling. Recent research demonstrates that combining queuing theory with mixed-integer programming and simulation techniques enables healthcare managers to allocate resources dynamically, set staffing levels, and assign priorities among different patient categories. For example, the use of mixed-integer programming can determine the optimal number of servers, beds, and service rates based on patient flow and priority needs, striking a balance between reducing waiting times for critical cases and controlling operational costs. These mathematical models also account for practical constraints and stochastic variability inherent in clinical settings. Applications span emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and even pharmacy and blood service centers—showing significant improvements in system efficiency, reduced patient wait times, and enhanced overall care quality. Thus, mathematical programming is a powerful decision-support tool for queue management, offering evidence-based strategies to address congestion and resource allocation challenges in complex healthcare environments.

Quality healthcare services are a crucial factor in improving patient satisfaction and are an indicator of the success of healthcare facilities. Based on the results of the 2024 Semester I Public Satisfaction Survey (January–June), Melati Community Health Center (Puskesmas Melati) achieved a satisfaction score of 80.84%. This score indicates good service quality, but remains below the established Minimum Service Standards (SPM), which is more than 90%. This condition requires a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between service quality and patient satisfaction levels. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the extent to which healthcare service quality influences patient satisfaction at Melati Community Health Center, Kapuas Regency. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study population was all 985 patients who visited Melati Community Health Center, Kapuas Regency in January 2025. The study sample was determined at 285 respondents through random sampling techniques to obtain representative data. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire that assessed the dimensions of service quality and patient satisfaction levels. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank test to determine the relationship between variables. The results of the study showed that the majority of patients rated the quality of health services as very good (26.6%). In addition, the majority of patients also expressed satisfaction with the health services provided (30.9%). Statistical tests proved a significant relationship between service quality and patient satisfaction levels (p = 0.000 < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.693. This means there is a strong and positive relationship, so that the better the service quality, the higher the patient satisfaction. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of improving the quality of health services at the Melati Community Health Center. Aspects that need attention are improving physical appearance (tangibles), simplifying service procedures, and strengthening the competence and empathy of staff.

Stunting remains a significant health problem in rural areas, particularly due to the lack of father involvement in child care. The “Bapakku Hebat” program initiated by the Omben Health Center emerged as a breakthrough to strengthen the role of fathers in stunting prevention efforts through family health posts. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive approach to investigate the implementation, effects, and barriers of the program. The research findings indicated an increase in father involvement in health post activities, nutrition counseling, and child health monitoring. The program successfully reduced the prevalence of stunting risk by 10% in a year by increasing health post coverage and changing family behavior in providing nutrition. Key driving factors included inter-sectoral collaboration with village governments, health cadres, and farming communities that strengthened social networks and local resources. However, challenges remain, such as budget constraints, a lack of male cadres, and the influence of cultural norms that consider childcare as a woman’s responsibility. The “Bapakku Hebat” program shows that active father involvement can increase family awareness of the importance of fulfilling children’s nutrition. These findings emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive family health policies and cross-sectoral support to ensure the sustainability of the program. This research is expected to be a reference for other regions in implementing similar innovations to reduce the prevalence of stunting and improve the quality of child care. Furthermore, the success of the "My Great Father" program also demonstrates the importance of a community-based approach in public health interventions. The direct involvement of community leaders, religious leaders, and farmer groups in the program's outreach and implementation has proven effective in building a sense of ownership and increasing active community participation, particularly among fathers.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including in Banjarmasin City. Low public knowledge and awareness of clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) are also factors in the high rate of TB transmission. Health education is a strategic step in addressing this problem. This study aims to determine the effect of health education using lecture methods and audio-visual media on increasing knowledge in TB prevention efforts in the Alalak Tengah Community Health Center working area. The research design used was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pre-test post-test design approach. The study sample consisted of 51 respondents selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire administered before and after the education, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge after the education intervention (p value <0.05). Before the education, most respondents were in the sufficient and poor knowledge categories, while after the education, most respondents moved to the good knowledge category. This indicates that the combination of lecture methods and audio-visual media can effectively increase public understanding. Delivering information through visualization has proven to be more engaging and easier to understand for a wide range of audiences. The conclusion of this study is that this outreach method is effective as a medium for educating the public about TB prevention. A similar approach can be implemented more widely in other regions to support the national TB control program. Consistent and sustainable education programs are essential to maintain high levels of public knowledge. The involvement of health workers, cadres, and community leaders is also a crucial factor in the success of outreach. This strategy is expected to be replicated in other regions with a high TB ​​burden.

Stunting is a growth failure condition in toddlers caused by chronic malnutrition, particularly during the critical first 1,000 days of life. This condition is influenced by various factors, including maternal education and feeding practices. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal education level and feeding patterns with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in the working area of the Pekauman Community Health Center, Banjarmasin City. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of mothers with toddlers, with 66 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaires and documentation studies related to children’s nutritional status. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods, with the Spearman Rho test applied at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed a significant relationship between maternal education level and stunting incidence (p = 0.009), suggesting that lower levels of maternal education were associated with higher stunting rates. Conversely, feeding patterns did not show a statistically significant relationship with stunting (p = 0.081), although descriptive data indicated that inappropriate feeding practices were common among respondents. The majority of mothers in this study had basic education (elementary to junior high school), and a considerable number of toddlers were found to be stunted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that maternal education level plays an essential role in influencing stunting, while feeding patterns require further investigation with larger samples. The study recommends strengthening nutrition education and counseling programs for mothers, particularly those with low educational backgrounds, alongside regular monitoring of child growth and development by health professionals. Additionally, government efforts to expand access to health and nutrition information through easily accessible media are expected to contribute to stunting prevention and reduction strategies.

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers caused by inadequate nutritional intake and recurrent infections, especially in the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). One of the main factors that influence the incidence of stunting is exclusive breastfeeding and maternal nutritional knowledge. Indonesia still faces a high prevalence of stunting, which if not addressed immediately can impact the quality of human resources in the future.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding with the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6–12 months in the working area of Kuala Bangka Health Center, Kualuh Hilir District, North Labuhan Batu Regency in 2021.Method: This study used a case control design with a sample of 110 respondents (55 cases and 55 controls) selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and processed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.002; OR = 4.394; 95% CI = 1.709–11.295), where infants who were not exclusively breastfed had a 4.4 times greater risk of experiencing stunting than infants who received optimal exclusive breastfeeding. However, there was no significant relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge and the incidence of stunting (p = 0.233). Conclusion: The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was proven to be associated with the incidence of stunting, while maternal knowledge did not show a significant relationship. Stunting prevention efforts should focus on improving the practice of appropriate and comprehensive exclusive breastfeeding, accompanied by practice-based nutrition education that mothers can apply in childcare.

The " Toddler Family Class " program provided an opportunity for parents to actively engage in learning about the importance of appropriate parenting for toddlers. Recognizing the critical window of early childhood, the program focused on equipping parents with the knowledge and tools to promote their children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. Parenting practices in early childhood significantly influence a child’s future academic success, emotional well-being, and ability to form healthy relationships. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that parents are well-informed about the best approaches to child-rearing during these formative years. The interactive discussions offered parents a platform to share their personal experiences, concerns, and challenges regarding parenting. Case studies presented real-life scenarios that allowed participants to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. This approach facilitated a deeper understanding of the various parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic parenting, and their respective effects on child behavior and development. Furthermore, the program emphasized the importance of nurturing a secure attachment between parents and toddlers. Participants were introduced to strategies that encourage positive reinforcement, empathy, and effective communication with their children. These strategies are key to fostering a supportive and loving environment in which children can thrive emotionally and socially. The collaborative nature of the program also helped to build a supportive network among parents. They were encouraged to form lasting relationships that could provide ongoing mutual support in their parenting journey. This communal learning environment reinforced the importance of family-centered child development practices, ensuring that parents felt empowered to make informed decisions that would benefit their children’s long-term growth and well-being.

Background: HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease that attacks the immune system and is a global health problem. Pregnant women are among the vulnerable groups for HIV infection, so HIV testing during pregnancy is an important step in preventing mother-to-child transmission. However, the utilization of HIV testing by pregnant women is still low in various regions, including at the Peureulak Community Health Center, East Aceh Regency. HIV testing in pregnant women can reduce the risk of vertical transmission and provide an opportunity for appropriate treatment. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the utilization of HIV testing at the Peureulak Community Health Center. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 50 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge about HIV/AIDS and utilization of HIV testing. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test to see the relationship between the two variables. Results: The results showed that the majority of pregnant women had insufficient knowledge about HIV/AIDS (56%). Utilization of HIV testing is also still low, with 52% of pregnant women not undergoing testing during pregnancy. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between pregnant women's knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their utilization of HIV testing (p = 0.002). Mothers with good knowledge were more likely to undergo HIV testing (72.7%) than mothers with poor knowledge (28.6%). Conclusion: Good knowledge of HIV/AIDS influences the utilization of HIV testing by pregnant women. Further education is needed to increase pregnant women's awareness of the importance of HIV testing to prevent transmission to the baby.  

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a public health problem that can increase the risk of serious complications, such as premature birth, maternal and infant mortality, and impaired fetal growth and development. One effort to prevent anemia is by consuming iron tablets (iron supplements). However, the success of this intervention is greatly influenced by the behavior of pregnant women in consuming these tablets, which includes knowledge, attitudes, and actions. If pregnant women have a good understanding and attitude, and implement iron tablet consumption appropriately, the risk of anemia can be reduced. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between iron consumption behavior (based on knowledge, attitudes, and actions) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Kuala Bangka Community Health Center, North Labuhan Batu Regency, in 2022. Method: This study used a descriptive analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 20 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women regarding iron consumption, as well as the incidence of anemia. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The majority of respondents had sufficient knowledge (45%), insufficient attitudes (70%), and insufficient iron consumption actions (70%). Moderate anemia was found in 70% of respondents. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.005), attitudes (p=0.001), and practices (p=0.000) and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between iron consumption behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Increased education and support for pregnant women regarding the importance of proper iron consumption to prevent anemia during pregnancy is needed.

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, which can lead to dehydration, weight loss, potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), and serious metabolic disorders. If left untreated, this condition can trigger complications such as ketosis, liver dysfunction, and even death. The exact cause is unknown, but several predisposing factors, such as multiple pregnancies, hydatidiform moles, psychological conditions (such as stress, fear of pregnancy), and a decreased immune system in pregnant women, are believed to play a role (Maryunani, 2018). Persistent nausea and vomiting cause the body to use carbohydrate and fat reserves for energy, which produces toxic metabolites. As a result, body tissues receive fewer nutrients and oxygen. Furthermore, potassium loss through vomiting and urine can contribute to hypokalemia and worsen vomiting. According to Maryunani (2019), this condition occurs more frequently in 60–80% of primiparous pregnant women and 40–60% of multiparous pregnant women during the first trimester. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.015) and attitudes of pregnant women (p = 0.006) towards the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. It is hoped that health workers, especially in Community Health Centers, will be more active in providing education to pregnant women regarding the prevention of hyperemesis gravidarum. Pregnant women are also expected to regularly check their pregnancies and seek appropriate information to maintain their health during pregnancy. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women towards the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.015) and attitudes of pregnant women (p = 0.006) towards the occurrence of hyperemesis gravidarum.

The effectiveness of reporting within the reporting information system at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) is crucial for supporting data‑driven decision‑making, health‑program planning, and performance monitoring. Accurate and timely reporting enables healthcare administrators to analyze trends, allocate resources efficiently, and improve patient outcomes through evidence‑based interventions. This article analyzes the factors influencing reporting effectiveness at Puskesmas in Serang Regency, including technological, human‑resource, and organizational factors. The study employs a literature‑review and case‑analysis approach, highlighting challenges and offering recommendations to improve reporting effectiveness. The results indicate that limitations in infrastructure, staff competency, digital literacy, as well as management support and policy, are key factors that must be addressed to optimize the reporting system in Serang Regency’s Puskesmas. Technological barriers—such as inadequate hardware, software, and internet connectivity—often hinder the seamless collection and transmission of health data. Human‑resource challenges, including insufficient training and low digital literacy among staff, can lead to data‑entry errors and delays. Organizational factors—such as clear policies, standard operating procedures, and a supportive management culture—are also essential for sustaining high‑quality reporting practices. Furthermore, the integration of health informatics and continuous quality‑improvement initiatives can enhance the reliability and usability of reported data, ultimately supporting better health outcomes at the community level. The study concludes that a holistic approach—encompassing technological upgrades, ongoing staff development, and strong organizational leadership—is necessary to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of reporting systems in primary‑healthcare settings.

The phenomenon of charismatic pastors who simultaneously serve as merchants represents an increasingly common reality in contemporary Christian ministry, especially within urban contexts where economic and spiritual dynamics are closely intertwined. This dual role reflects both opportunities and challenges for the church, raising important theological, ethical, and practical debates concerning the integrity of pastoral calling in the midst of worldly interests, material pursuits, and potential temptations. On the one hand, the bivocational model may provide pastors with financial independence, reducing the burden on congregations and offering broader opportunities for engagement with society. On the other hand, it also carries the risk of blurring the boundaries between ministry and commerce, thereby creating possible conflicts of interest, diminishing spiritual authority, and weakening the congregation’s trust in pastoral leadership. This study aims to analyze the dual role of pastor-merchant in the light of New Testament theology by identifying potential tensions, examining the relevance of pastoral ethics in guiding decision-making, and evaluating the impact of this dual vocation on the life and witness of the church. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative literature study, reviewing biblical, theological, and pastoral ethics sources to formulate a comprehensive understanding. The findings suggest that pastoral ethics serve as a vital compass for pastor-merchants, ensuring that ministry remains pure, Christ-centered, and untainted by financial motives. The Apostle Paul provides a theological and practical model for bivocational ministry, demonstrating how secular work and spiritual service can coexist without compromising the divine calling. Furthermore, a healthy, transparent, and accountable leadership framework is essential for sustaining integrity and strengthening congregational trust. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that the identity of the church as “a chosen people, a royal priesthood” (1 Pet. 2:9) must remain the guiding principle, ensuring that the integration of pastoral vocation and marketplace involvement contributes positively to the church’s witness and relevance in modern society.

Feed is a key component in catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) cultivation because it directly affects the growth rate, health, and productivity of the fish. Among the various nutrients contained in feed, protein plays a crucial role, particularly in the formation and repair of fish body tissues. Adequate protein content supports optimal growth, while protein deficiency can reduce productivity. Therefore, analyzing protein levels in feed is essential to ensure its quality. This study aimed to analyze protein levels in catfish feed using the Kjeldahl method. The analysis was conducted at the Pekanbaru Center for Standardization and Industrial Services (BSPJI). The Kjeldahl method was chosen because it is known to have a high level of accuracy and reliability. The procedure involves three main stages: destruction, distillation, and titration. The working principle of this method is to convert organic nitrogen in the sample into ammonia, which is then captured and measured to determine nitrogen levels, which are then converted to protein levels. In this study, five feed samples with codes U-139 to U-142 were used. The test results showed that the protein content of the samples ranged from 20.44% to 23.09%. Furthermore, a Relative Percent Difference (RPD) value of 0.0013% was obtained, indicating a very high level of measurement precision. The analysis results were then compared with the fish feed quality standards based on SNI 2534:2006, and it was found that all samples met the minimum protein content requirements. Thus, this study confirms the effective and accurate use of the Kjeldahl method in analyzing protein content in catfish feed. These results also provide important information for farmers and feed producers in ensuring the quality of feed used to support catfish farming productivity.

This community service program aims to improve the quality of services at Puskesmas (community health centers) through intensive assistance in content creation and digital communication media. The main issue addressed is the low digital literacy among healthcare workers at Puskesmas in managing effective communication media to reach the public. This has led to low community participation in health programs run by Puskesmas. Therefore, this program is designed to enhance healthcare workers' skills in utilizing digital technology for health promotion and improving communication effectiveness with the public. The program implementation involves several stages: (1) an initial survey to assess the condition of existing communication media, (2) training on creating engaging and informative health education content, (3) workshops on graphic design and health promotion video creation, (4) guidance on using social media platforms to disseminate health information, and (5) continuous evaluation and monitoring to ensure the sustainability of the program. This activity involves 25 healthcare workers from 5 selected Puskesmas, with a mentoring duration of 6 months. The results show significant improvements, including: an increase in healthcare workers' ability to create digital content from 30% to 85%, a 200% increase in public engagement with health information, and a 150% increase in the coverage of health promotion services. Additionally, the program has produced 120 pieces of health education content, 15 health promotion videos, and 8 successful digital campaigns that have successfully enhanced public participation in health programs. The long-term impact of this program is the increased public awareness of preventive health and improved access to Puskesmas services. This program can also be replicated in other regions as a model for improving the quality of primary healthcare services through optimal use of digital technology, which can accelerate the achievement of national health development goals.

Based on Indonesia's 2021 health profile, the coverage of iron supplementation (IBT) for adolescent girls in Indonesia, North Maluku ranks lowest among all provinces in Indonesia, at 2.1%, and West Sumatra province, at 11.5%, ranks 29th out of 34 provinces. The province with the highest percentage of iron supplementation coverage for adolescent girls (Ministry of Health, 2021). Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls. Many adolescent girls still face the dangers of anemia in Padang City. There is a risk of anemia in 193 adolescent girls, according to the Padang City Health Office's screening of grade X female high school, vocational high school, and Islamic high school students in 2021. The Padang Community Health Center's work area has the highest risk of anemia in adolescent girls, namely 96 people and a percentage of 21.91%. Screening conducted at the Padang Community Health Center workplace in 2021 found that SMKN 9 Padang had the highest risk of anemia in adolescent girls with 25 confirmed cases and a percentage of 26.31%. The purpose of this study was to determine the Overview of the Level of Knowledge of Grade X Female Adolescents About Anemia at SMK N 9 Padang City in 2025.This type of research is "analytical descriptive" with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in February-March 2025 at SMK Negeri 9 Padang. The population of this study was all grade X students totaling 164 respondents at SMK Negeri 9 Padang. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with a sample size of 63 respondents.The results of the SPSS data processing showed that adolescents had good knowledge (9.5%), sufficient knowledge (25.4%), and insufficient knowledge (65.1%). The information sources were assessed from the internet (88.9%), books (1.6%), family (1.6%), friends (3.2%), and school (4.8%).

Mental disorders are health problems that affect individuals, families, and communities, where the negative stigma given by families to members with mental disorders can influence the acceptance and support they receive. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward people with mental disorders (PWMD) in the working area of Ladang Tuha Public Health Center, Pasie Raja Subdistrict, South Aceh. The research employed a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 65 families selected using the total sampling technique. The instruments used were the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) questionnaire and a family acceptance questionnaire, analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents had low stigma (67.7%) and poor acceptance (61.5%), with a p-value = 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between family stigma and family acceptance toward PWMD. The study concluded that the lower the family stigma, the better the acceptance toward PWMD; thus, educational efforts and family empowerment are needed to reduce stigma and improve acceptance.

Ridan Permai Village, within the Bangkinang City Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction in Kampar Regency, faces a serious problem related to adolescents' lack of access to health information and services, particularly regarding reproductive health. Survey results revealed that adolescents rarely receive regular health education or checkups, even though they are a vulnerable group to various health problems and behavioral disorders due to their identity-searching phase. The lack of reproductive health education in schools and the community also exacerbates this situation, leading adolescents to tend to obtain information from invalid or incorrect sources. Through the Community Service (PKM) program, a team of lecturers and students conducted a series of activities at SMPN 1 Padang to increase adolescents' knowledge and awareness of reproductive health. Three main approaches were used: direct education, outreach through interactive discussions, and distribution of leaflets as a continuous information medium. In addition, a question-and-answer session provided a space for students to openly share their questions and experiences without embarrassment. This approach was designed to create a participatory, educational atmosphere. These activities aimed not only to increase adolescents' knowledge but also to empower them to prevent the risk of health problems and behavioral disorders. The expected outcome of this activity is increased understanding of reproductive health among adolescents, as well as the formation of collective awareness for maintaining health and positive behaviors among adolescents. Sustainability of the program is also being pursued by involving teachers and school officials as partners in health education. This activity is also expected to serve as an educational model that can be replicated in other schools in Kampar Regency.