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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid organic fertilizer made from dry leaves, cow manure, EM4, and molasses on the growth of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: control (no fertilizer), and fertilizer applications at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 35%, each replicated three times. Observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of solid organic fertilizer significantly affected the growth of pakcoy. The 30% concentration yielded the best results, with an average plant height of 18.3 cm, 10 leaves per plant, and a fresh weight of 22.5 grams. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that applying 30% solid organic fertilizer effectively enhances pakcoy growth and supports sustainable organic farming practices.

The study aims to determine the interaction and effect of drip irrigation on increasing the growth of pak choi plants in dry land. This study used a completely randomized design with a 3x3 pattern, so that there were 9 treatment combinations repeated 4 times so that there were 36 experimental units. The factors are the first factor, the provision of AMF consisting of three levels, namely M0: without AMF, M1: 10 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag, and M2: 30 grams of AMF inoculant per polybag. The second factor, watering arrangements consisting of three levels, namely P0: watering every morning and evening, P1: watering once every 2 days in the morning and evening, and P2: watering once every 4 days in the morning and evening. So that there are combinations of treatments are M0P0, M0P1, M0P2, M1P0, M1P1, M1P2, M2P0, M2P1 and M2P2. . The results of the study showed that the correct dosage of AMF was 30 grams per polybag in each treatment, while the routine watering time in the morning and evening was the best watering arrangement in increasing the growth and yield of pak choi plants. The combination of 30 grams of AMF with routine watering arrangements in the morning and evening with drip irrigation gave the best results for the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plants.

The management of dry leaves into compost at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru as part of the implementation of the P5 program is an innovative step in reducing organic waste and maintaining the cleanliness of the school environment. The composting process, which involves students, not only produces beneficial natural fertilizer but also provides learning experiences on waste management and organic farming. Additionally, the use of EM4, sugar, and water helps accelerate the decomposition of organic materials, allowing the compost to be ready for use in a shorter time. This program benefits the school, students, and the community in terms of cleanliness, sustainability, and environmental education. This initiative aims to raise environmental awareness and encourage its application in daily life.

Acne is a common skin problem caused by excessive growth of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin due to increased sebum production. Dragon scale leaves (Drymoglossum piloselloides) contain active compounds such as saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This community service program aims to enhance public knowledge about the utilization of dragon scale leaf extract in acne gel formulations. The activities included education, a demonstration of gel preparation, and an evaluation of training effectiveness through pre-tests and post-tests. The evaluation results showed an increase in participant understanding from 20% to 75%, exceeding the targeted improvement. Active community participation indicates a strong interest in utilizing herbal plants as an alternative skincare solution, highlighting the potential for further development.

This research aims to determine the effect of using biochar and guano fertilizer on the growth and resistance of pakcoy to drought stress and it is hoped that this research will add information for the development of pakcoy plant cultivation techniques that are more adaptive to dry land. The method used in this research was a 2 factorial completely randomized plan. The first factor is providing Biochar (B) which consists of 4 levels: B0= Control 0 tons/ha, B2= Biochar 5 tons/ha, B3= Biochar 10 tons/ha, B4= Biochar 15 tons/ha. The second factor is the application of Guano fertilizer (G) which consists of 4 levels: G0= control 0 tons/ha, G2= Guano 5 tons/ha, G3= Guano 10 tons/ha, G4= Guano 15 tons/ha. . Based on the level of treatment used, 16 combinations were obtained, BOGO, BOG2, BOG3, BOG4, B2GO, B2G2, B2G3, B2G4, B3GO, B3G2, B3G3, B3G4, B4GO, B4G2, B4G3, B4G4, which were repeated 3 times so that there were 48 experimental units. The parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. The results of the research showed that there was an interaction between plant height at 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap, 28 dap, number of leaves at 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap and stem diameter at 14 dap and 28 dap. Treatment with biochar rates of 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha and guano fertilizer 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha gave good growth results in plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. This combination of two treatments can increase the efficiency of good nutrient uptake for optimal vegetative plant growth and can increase the soil's capacity to retain air and nutrients, while guano fertilizer provides essential nutrients that support the development of pak choy plants.

Organic fertilizers contain organic materials such as compost, manure, or other organic waste materials. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, they provide an abundant source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as essential micronutrients. The community service activity program aims to empower farmers with the knowledge and skills to make organic fertilizers from local materials, which not only lower production costs but also improve soil quality and crop yields. The community service activity with the theme "Assistance and Making Organic Fertilizers in Reducing Fertilizer Costs for Farmers in Rowo Gempol Village, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency" Through the Participatory Action Research method which includes preparation, processing, application, and evaluation, this program has succeeded in improving soil quality and supporting plant growth in the campus green area. Organic fertilizers, produced from campus organic waste such as dry leaves and food scraps, increase soil nutrient content and plant health, and reduce the negative impacts of synthetic chemicals. This activity also involves students in the process of processing and applying fertilizers, providing practical experience and raising awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture and environmental management. The evaluation results showed a significant positive impact on soil quality and plant growth, with more fertile soil and healthier plants. In addition to the ecological benefits, the program plays an important educational role, by increasing students' understanding of environmentally friendly practices and organic farming skills. The success of this model is expected to be replicated in other villages. so that the benefits of this program can be felt more widely and support the creation of more sustainable agriculture.

Krian Regency is famous for its forest products, especially teak trees, whose valuable wood is often used to make furniture. This research aims to develop a process for making environmentally friendly paper from dried teak leaves using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The PAR approach was chosen so that the local community could be actively involved in every stage of the research, from collecting materials, processing teak leaves, to the paper making process. This method is implemented through several stages, namely problem identification, action planning, implementation, observation and evaluation. Other parts of teak trees, such as leaves, have not been fully utilized. Young teak leaves are widely used as food wrappers and to make natural dyes. Teak leaves are abundant in the dry season but are not widely used. Dried teak leaves are a source of natural fiber that is cheap and easy to obtain. This investigation will process dried teak leaf waste into processing paper. This activity uses the PAR method. Teak leaves are processed into pulp using NaOH and soda process. Art paper is made from paper pulp. Researchers must conduct more research to find out that teak leaves as a natural resource can increase value and sustainability. Products made from teak leaves can not only increase the income of people in the area, but can also be used to improve environmental sustainability. The community can help reduce excessive tree felling and maintain environmental balance by utilizing natural waste.

The problem of organic waste, especially dry leaves, is one of the environmental challenges that has not been optimally resolved in Indonesia. Kaliwungu Village, Jombang District, is one of the areas that has high potential for dry leaf waste, but has not been utilized economically. Most of this waste is simply burned, causing air pollution and carbon emissions. This community service program aims to empower environmental cadres and PKK cadres through training in making briquettes from dry leaves, which not only provides environmental solutions but also opens up business opportunities based on social entrepreneurship. The training was carried out for three days involving 30 participants. Activities included socialization, technical training, business simulations, and evaluation of results. The results showed a significant increase in participant understanding, with an average pretest score of 40% increasing to 85% in the posttest. As an output, participants succeeded in producing 300 briquettes that met alternative fuel quality standards. In addition, most participants expressed their readiness to start a briquette business independently or in groups. This program has a positive impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects, in line with the principles of sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda, especially point 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and point 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). With continued assistance and collaboration with strategic partners, it is hoped that this program will be able to create a sustainable small business ecosystem based on the environment and provide wider benefits for the people of Kaliwungu Village.

The Central Mahakam region is a peat swamp ecosystem with cascade lakes in East Kutai, West Kutai, and Kutai Kartanegara. The region has abundant potential for taro plants (Araceae). The community uses taro only for food and is not used as a feed ingredient. This research aims to identify the types and potential of taro for use as animal feed. Observations were conducted in two villages in the Central Mahakam region: Batuq and Tuana Tuha Villages, Muara Muntai District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Taro samples will be taken based on habitat and then subjected to proximate analysis to determine chemical content. The method used in this research was exploratory. The results of identifying the types of taro in Batuq Village showed four types of taro, while there were two types in Tuana Tuha Village. The taro-growing habitat for the Colocasia sp species is terrestrial/semi-terrestrial, while the Xanthosoma sagittifolium species grows terrestrially. The part of taro that can be used as food is in the form of leaves. The chemical content of taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) dry weight is 90.39%, crude protein is 4.62%, Ash is 4.51%, crude fat is 1.01%, and crude fiber is 3.86%. The Xanthosoma sagittifolium type contains 90.52% dry weight, 4.47% crude protein, 4.39% ash, 1.06% crude fat, and 3.56% crude fiber. There are six types of taro found in the Central Mahakam region, and they have the potential to be an alternative food source based on their chemical content.

Nori is one of food in the  form of thin sheets. This study uses gotu kola leaves, and red seaweed as the basic ingredients for making nori. Red seaweed contains a large amount of amylopectin so that it has the potential to be used as nori, while gotu kola leaves have good fiber content. Except the fiber content, kola leaves (Centella asiatica .L) also content high antioxcidant as fenol, tanin and saponin. This study also uses drying with a cabinet dryer, room temperature and the sun. This study aims to determine the right formulation to produce gotu kola leaf nori which has high fiber content with variations in drying time. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) method which consisted of 2 factors, namely the ratio of red seaweed and gotu kola leaves with variations in drying time. The first factor is the comparison of seaweed and gotu kola leaves (50:50, 40:60, and 30:70), while the second factor is the variation of nori drying time (cabinet drayer, room temperature and sun). The best chemical test results from fiber contant parameters were P3R3 with the results of 13.41% water content, 0.052 ash content, 21.18% crude fiber and 8.71 tensile strength.  The best sensory test results were P3R3 with color test results of 3.64, gotu kola falvor 3.58, crunchiness 3.27, elasticity 3.27 and overall preference 3.85.

Background: Perineal wounds are wounds due to tearing of the birth canal either due to rupture or due to episiotomy at the time of delivery of the fetus. One of the impacts of normal labor is the risk of perineal infection. The prevalence in Indonesia of post partum infection reaches 7.3% and ranks third in causes of death after bleeding. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts in taking care of the wound to keep it clean and dry, and avoid infection. Objective: Application of betel leaf and honey decoction to accelerate the healing process of perineal wounds. Methods: This type of research uses descriptive research methods and observes 2 respondents with post partum conditions and is given the implementation of wound care carried out in Boyolali with the application time of June 18, 2024-June 24, 2024. Results: The REEDA score after being given the intervention experienced an improved status with a comparison of the results of the application of the 7th action on the first respondent, the initial REEDA score of 2 decreased to 0 while the application of the 7th action on the second respondent, the initial REEDA score of 1 decreased to 0. Conclusion: There is an effect on the application of wound care using betel leaf decoction water and honey which shows that green betel leaves and honey are effective in healing perineal wounds.

This study aims to analyze Azolla sp liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure. Tests on shallot plants were carried out to see the effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield. The research method used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors with 16 combinations and 3 blocks. The first factor is the provision of azola liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels : 0 ml/l water/m2, 200 ml/l water/m2, 400 ml/l water/m2, 600 ml/l water/m2. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure consisting of 4 levels : 0 kg/m2, 0.5 kg/m2, 1.0 kg/m2 and 1.5 kg/m2. Azolla liquid organic fertilizer contains 0.03% total N, 0.11% P2O5, 0.59% K2O, 1.44% organic C, and 3.88% pH. The results of chicken manure analysis contain 1.73% Nitrogen (N), 1.45% Phospor (P), 1.12% Potassium (K), and 18.15% Organic C. Both types of fertilizers do not meet the minimum technical requirements for SNI organic fertilizers. The provision of azola liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, number of bulb/m2, wet weight of bulb/m2, and  dry weight of bulb/m2. The provision of azola liquid organic fertilizer 600 ml/liter of water/m2 has the best effect on all observation parameters. The provision of chicken manure has a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of bulb/m2, wet weight of bulb/m2, dry weight of bulb/m2. The dose of chicken manure 1.5 kg/m2 showed the best effect for all observation parameters. The interaction of the provision of liquid organic fertilizer azolla and chicken manure was not significantly different in all treatments.

Household waste, although a significant environmental challenge, has the potential to be converted into valuable resources. This article discusses effective methods for transforming household waste into Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF), an environmentally friendly solution that improves soil quality and supports plant growth. By utilizing materials such as food scraps, fruit peels, and dry leaves, this process not only reduces the volume of waste sent to landfills but also benefits home gardening. The article outlines practical methods for producing LOF, including simple fermentation techniques, necessary equipment, and a step-by-step guide. It also discusses the ecological and economic benefits of using household waste as LOF and its impact on sustainability and waste management. With comprehensive and easy-to-follow information, this article aims to encourage individuals and communities to adopt these practices as part of their waste management and sustainable agriculture efforts.

Tea is a drink that is often consumed by Indonesian people and has a refreshing effect. Generally, tea is made from young tea leaves that are picked and processed in such a way as to produce good quality tea. Apart from coming from tea leaves, tea can also be processed from other ingredients, one of which is nutmeg flesh. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the tea pulp of fine nutmeg and slabs by studying different drying methods. The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The drying method used is sun drying (SM), and 50° C oven. This study used the ANOVA test which was processed using excel. The results showed that the organoleptic characteristics (color, taste, and aroma) of ground nutmeg tea with the 50°C oven drying method were the best. The results of the organoleptic test of refined nutmeg tea and slabs for the sun-dried method (SM) and 50°C oven were as follows: color, taste, and aroma respectively for refined nutmeg tea oven 50°C 5.3; 6,2; and 6.7, nutmeg tea oven 50° C 5.5; 6; and 6.1, refined nutmeg tea SM 5.2; 6; And 6.1, tea nutmeg slabs SM 5.2; 5.7; and 5.9. The yield for SM drying was 12.57% and the yield for oven drying at 50° C was 7.20%, the water content and pH were in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard 3836:2013.

The development of science and technology encourages the culture of people realizing their sympathy using a bouquet of fresh, dried, or synthetic flowers. Culture is favored by the public because the flower bouquet can be adjusted to the cost of the customer. Synthetic flower bouquet innovation has aesthetic value and long shelf life, the author made a flower crown leaf product using onions. Research to determine the stages of manufacture, valid experimental results, and public acceptance of the product. Using the methods of observation, literature, experimentation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and qualitative descriptive data analysis. The product manufacturing stage in the form of preparation of material tools, onion drying, printing, and decorating flowers takes ± 7 days or 1 week. Product validation according to 3 flower arranging experts was declared valid with the characteristics of yellowish brown color, onion fiber pattern, no aroma, and has a smooth wavy texture. The average results of the public test on 61 respondents from the AKS Ibu Kartini Semarang agency showed that the public liked the product (score 2). So that the product is accepted by the community and has the potential to become an opportunity in entrepreneurship. It is better to innovate a substitute for epoxy resin as a preservative for flower crown leaves from onions. Because epoxy resin after drying has a weight that is not comfortable for a bouquet of flowers that are held for a long time such as a bridal ceremony.

Electric cigarettes or what are often called vapes are a type of electronic nicotine delivery agent. In electric cigarettes what is inhaled does not come from dry tobacco leaves, but liquid. In some circles, it is said that electric cigarettes are considered safer than conventional cigarettes, apart from that, electric cigarettes are considered to be a technique for reducing smoking habits for users. The aim of the community service activities carried out for the teenagers of Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate Ranting Tugu Semarang is to increase teenagers' knowledge of the dangers of electric cigarettes for health. Community service activities are carried out using the lecture method. Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, the results obtained are an increase in teenagers' knowledge of the dangers of electric cigarettes for health and the desire of teenagers who smoke to stop smoking.

The shipbuilding industry produces organic and inorganic waste. The organic waste produced by the shipbuilding industry is dry leaves, dry grass, dry wood and other dry materials. Organic waste management is becoming increasingly important in this industry because the industry's very rapid growth has the potential to increase negative environmental impacts if not handled properly. Utilizing organic waste into fertilizer is an activity that can be carried out with the aim of reducing waste around the shipyard industrial environment. This organic fertilizer is made using a simple composting method so that it can be applied in this industry. The composting process involves 2 different treatments, namely the first is an activator solution in the form of a mixture of ecoenzymes, water and sugar solution and the second is using Effective Microorganism 4 (EM 4). The results of the research showed that these two treatments produced a pH that was not much different, namely 6.9 for EM4 and a pH of 7 for the ecoenzymes activator. The temperature of the compost produced in the ecoenzymes mixture treatment was 300C and in the EM4 treatment was 300C. This shows that the activity of decomposing microorganisms is running well.    

Some food industries still use synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes, if consumed, can harm your health. Turmeric can be used as a natural food coloring. This natural coloring is applied to sweet jelly. This natural coloring agent must be used in fresh juice. To extend the use time of the natural dyes turmeric-bay leaves, ginger-bay leaves, this research was carried out in a variety of storage conditions without using preservatives. The aim of the research was to determine the results of the content of secondary metabolite compounds in turmeric-laurel extract, curcuma-laurel extract, turmeric extract and curcuma extract, in making solid preparations using preservatives, namely citric acid, maltodextin and sucrose. This research uses experimental methods with Sari method is done on a mixture of turmeric-bay leaves and ginger-bay leaves using a water solvent using the distillation method. Determination of variations in storage conditions was carried out for 7 days and the effect of storage temperature. Color stability and intensity measurements were carried out using visible spectrophotometry and characterization methods. The results of this research were obtained. The absorbance intensity test on turmeric-bay leaves was carried out at a wavelength of 425.14 nm with a result of 0.442 (day 1), ginger-bay leaves had an absorbance of 0.490 ( day 1). In the color stability test, there was a change in color from day 3 at drying cupboard temperature, at refrigerator temperature and at room temperature, the color remained stable.

Research on the study of Minyak Karo ethnobotany aims to determine the types of plants that are the raw material for making Minyak Karo and its utilization. The method used in the study is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques carried out through an emic approach and an ethical approach to the interview method with producers of Minyak Karo. The results obtained in this study are 42 species from 24 families which are used as ingredients in the production of Minyak Karo. Zingiberaceae is the type most widely used in these herbs. Plan tparts used are leaves (16 species), rhizomes  (7 species), roots (6 species), seeds (5 species),fruit (4 species), flowers and tubers (2 species each), and stems (1 species). Benefits of Minyak Karo treat aches, treat colds, reduce heat / fever, heal wounds, dry out and treat sunburn, treat itching, strengthen bones in infants, treat lumbago, treat rheumatism, treat sprains, treat body aches, and treat muscle cramps. Minyak Karo is an external medicine so that its use is enough by way of being rubbed applied or massaged.

The waste piles in the landfill pose a higher environmental hazard compared to the waste at its source due to the potential formation of leachate and air emissions. Consequently, waste management from the source is essential to minimize the amount of waste in the landfill. The waste management methods at each location typically vary based on the composition, characteristics, and quantity of waste present in that specific area. In this study, an analysis of waste piles at facility X was conducted through the process of sorting and weighing the waste during October 2023, with the objective of providing research findings that can be utilized to determine suitable waste management options for the location. The research revealed that the dominating composition of the waste consists of organic waste, with garden waste accounting for 55.95% and food residue comprising 10.75%. Composting was selected as the recommended alternative for waste treatment in the area. Garden waste, primarily composed of dry leaves, is suggested to be treated using the pile composting method, while food residue is suggested to be treated through a combination of Black Soldier Fly larvae biotechnology and Takakura composting.