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Longevity spinach leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) is a traditional plant that contains various secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, where flavonoids have various properties, including in the treatment of degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The purpose, of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of Longevity spinach (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) leaf on reducing blood sugar levels in male white rats (rattus norvegicus) induced by alloxan. In this study, 5 test groups were used, namely negative control group, positive control group (metformin 9 mg), first dose 7.2 mg, second dose 14.4 mg, and third dose 21.6 mg. The rats were acclimatized and fasted before being given treatment, then their blood sugar was checked, before and after being induced by alloxan, then they were given treatment for 5 consecutive days and their blood sugar levels were checked once a day. The results of research from testing the ethanol extract of Longevity spinach leaf on male white rats proved effective in reducing blood sugar levels with the best dose, namely the 3rd dose (21.6 mg) on ​​the 6th day. 

Oxidative stress is a condition where there is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the body which can trigger psychological stress. Oxidative stress can be reduced by consuming exogenous antioxidants (antioxidants from outside), where green tea is thought to be able to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of steeping green tea on blood glucose and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in male Wistar Strain white rats exposed to psychological stress. The design used in this research was Randomized Post Test Only Group Design. There were 5 groups of mice; 2 are a normal control group and a stress control group, and 3 treatment groups. Previously, the mice were given psychological stress 1 x 24 hours in the form of disturbed sleep patterns, so that the experimental animals experienced oxidative stress, then green tea was given to the treatment group with a single dose of 3.6 ml/head in the 1st hour in the group. treatment 1, 6th hour in treatment group 2, and 24th hour in treatment group 3. Statistical analysis used the Manova test.  Based on statistical analysis, it shows that there was a decrease in blood glucose and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all treatment groups given exposure to psychological stress and steeping green tea.  A single dose of green tea brewing in experimental animals experiencing oxidative stress was proven to be able to neutralize oxidative stress in the 1st hour after administration of green tea brewing and the antioxidant activity still lasted up to 24 hours.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. A highly-effective therapy in cancer is chemotherapy using doxorubicin. Sustainable doxorubicin usage could damage the kidneys due to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation that could be seen by increased levels of BUN and creatinine. Curry leaves are commonly found in Aceh and has high antioxidant rate so it has the potential to suppress kidney damage due to the use of doxorubicin. These antioxidants could be useful for decreasing levels of BUN and creatinine. The purpose of this research is to test the nephroprotective effect of Ethanol Extract of Curry Leaves (EECL) to prevent kidney failure on doxorubicin induced wistar strain male white rats. The method of this research is experimental with post test only control group design. The number of samples used was 25 rats which were divided into 5 groups. Positive control group (given vitamin E), negative control group (given CMC-Na 0,5%), and treatment groups (given EECL at doses 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, and 200 mg/kgBB) orally for 7 days straight and doxorubicin 15 mg/kgBB was induced on the 8th day. The results show that the BUN levels in the treatment group given EECL at doses 50 mg/ kgBB and 100 mg/kgBB are close to the positive control group, but the creatinine levels are still significantly different. Meanwhile, the treatment group that was given EECL at dose 200 mg/kgBB, both BUN and creatinine levels, are close to the positive control group. The conclusion of this study is that EECL has a nephroprotective effect on doxorubicin induced rats and the most effective dose is 200 mg/kgBB.

Durian leaves have secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids. Flavonoids have shown a wide range of bioactivity, one of which is an antipyretic effect which can be used as a febrifuge. This study aims to examine the antipyretic activity of the ethanol extract of durian leaves (Durio zibethinus L.) against male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by DPT-HB-Hib vaccine. This study uses an experimental method. In this study, durian leaf extract was processed by maceration using 96% ethanol, then treated with secondary metabolites of simplicia and its ethanol extract. To pay for the antipyretic activity of durian leaves (Durio zibethinus L.) the test animals used were 25 and divided into 5 groups, namely negative control (CMC 0.5%), positive control (Paracetamol 1%) and the test dose group, namely the administration of leaf extract durian 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Each rat was induced intramuscularly with the DPT-HB-Hib vaccine. Temperature measurements were carried out rectally with initial temperature measurements at 5 minute intervals 3 times, 1 hour after induction and 30 minutes for 3 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test and the Tukey HSD test. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the results of the phytochemical screening of durian leaves contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids. Of the three doses that experienced a decrease in temperature that was not significantly different from paracetamol, namely at a control dose of 300 mg/kg, because this decrease in temperature was almost close to paracetamol which was positive.

Hyperglycemia occurs when the body's condition is too much blood glucose that exceeds normal limits in the body because the body does not produce insulin properly. Betel leaves and ginger rhizomes have long been used by the people in Indonesia as traditional medicines that are believed to reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of betel leaves and ginger rhizomes empirically to reduce blood glucose levels in hyperglycemia male rats. Betel leaves and rhizomes of ginger are made in the form of infusions and used on 30 heads of hyperglycemia mice divided into 6 groups. Normal group, negative group induced alloxane, positive group (glibenklamide), betel leaf infusion group, ginger rhizome infusion group, betel leaf infusion combination group and ginger rhizome infusion, testing was carried out for 30 days. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS 20.0 ANOVA and post hoc tukey HSD assays. The results showed that betel leaf infusion at a dose of 2 ml / kg BB and ginger rhizome infusion dose of 2ml / kg BB single administration could reduce blood glucose levels while in combination administration it was seen that there was less effective in reducing blood glucose levels in male white rats.    

Fever can be interpreted as a body temperature that is higher (>37°C) than normal temperature because of the temperature control center in the hypothalamus, the temperature control center balances temperature during health or fever by regulating the formation and release of heat. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the antipyretic effectiveness of various concentrations of extracts. In this study, 5% peptone was used to induce fever in 15 white rats which were divided into 5 treatment groups. Groups 1 was given 1% NaCMC as a negative control, groups 2 was given paracetamol 9 mg/200gBB) as a positive control, groups 3 was given 10% lire leaf extract (2 mg/200gBB), groups 4 was given 20% lire leaf extract (4 mg/200gBB), and groups 5 was given 40% lire leaf extract (8 mg/200gBB). This results of this study obtained extract levels of 7,44% and there was a weak antipyretic effect at concentrations of 10% and 20% lire leaf extract, while the greatest antipyretic effect was found in 40% lire leaf extract, almost comparable to 9 mg paracetamol.

Pain is a defense mechanism of the body and caused by tissue damage to the body due to injury, accident or medical action. Traditionally, cashew leaves were used in curing inflammation, pain, toothache, wound healing, rheumatism as well as dysentery. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of analgetic power of cashew leaf ethanol extract (Anacardium occidentale L.) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research conducted is experimental research, with chemical excitatory methods. The test animals were divided into 5 groups with each treatment of 3 mice. Group I Na CMC 1%, group II Paracetamol, group III cashew leaf ethanol extract 10%, group IV cashew leaf ethanol extract 20%, and group V cashew leaf ethanol extract 40% given orally. Pain inductors are 1% induced acetic acid intraperitonially. Observed the amount of mice geliat for 1 hour and calculated percent analgetic power. The results obtained in this study have properties as analgetics with analgetic power concentration of 10%: 82.73%, concentration of 20%: 84.89%, and concentration of 40%: 88.48%.