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Public demand for healthy, low-gluten and high-fiber food products encourages innovation in the bakery industry. This study aims to compare the texture and taste of brownies based on mocaf flour (Modified Cassava Flour) and rye flour with steamed and baked processing methods, and determine the formulation that has the best organoleptic quality. Mocaf flour was chosen because it is gluten-free, low glycemic index and locally sourced, while rye flour is rich in fiber, anthocyanin and antioxidant pigments and is beneficial for health. This study used an experimental design with three variations of mocaf proportions: rye (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) and two processing methods. Hedonic organoleptic tests were conducted by 36 panelists on aroma, taste, texture and overall reception on a likert scale of 1-7. The results showed that the processing method and the proportion of flour had a significant effect on organoleptic quality. Steamed brownies have a softer texture, while baked produce a stronger aroma and flavor. The 50:50 ratio achieves the best balance across all sensory metrics.  

The culinary sector continues to grow through product innovation and creative marketing strategies, supported by culinary tourism that increases tourists’ interest in tasting regional specialties. Indonesia has many potential local food resources, one of which is young jackfruit, which can be utilized as an innovative plant-based ingredient, although its use is still limited. This study aims to develop dim sum filled with young jackfruit as an innovative, healthy, and value-added product. A quantitative experimental method was used to objectively and measurably assess the quality and consumer acceptance of the dim sum. The formulation of the dim sum involved young jackfruit, eggs, tapioca flour, and wheat flour, through processes such as washing, boiling, chopping, and steaming. Sensory analysis results showed that sample B excelled in aroma, taste, and overall evaluation, while sample A had the best color, and sample C had the best texture. Some challenges identified included color changes due to oxidation, sap affecting taste, and high air content affecting texture if not properly drained. The final dim sum product had a light brown color, chewy texture, and was sensorially accepted as a high-quality dim sum with potential for further development as an innovative culinary product. These findings indicate that utilizing young jackfruit as a filling ingredient can be an attractive alternative in developing traditional processed foods with high nutritional value and consumer appeal.

This research aims to develop and evaluate the performance of a steam plant prototype designed as an alternative source of electrical energy to support the Vessel to Grid (V2G) concept. Utilization of backup energy on ships is becoming important as electricity demand increases and demands for a more sustainable electrical system. This system relies on ESP32 microcontroller technology as a control center that functions to monitor and control several key parameters, including steam pressure, combustion temperature, boiler water level, and the generated electrical voltage. The research method used is an experiment with a static and dynamic testing approach. Static testing is carried out to measure the performance of main components such as the boiler, turbine, and generator separately, while dynamic testing focuses on evaluating the overall system by involving the integration of sensors and supporting actuators. The test data is then analyzed quantitatively to determine the system's response to variations in steam pressure, temperature, and other operational conditions. The results show that the steam produced by the boiler is able to rotate the turbine, thereby driving the generator to produce electricity. The maximum voltage achieved is 25.7 volts at a steam pressure of 50 psi. The highest energy conversion efficiency was recorded at 4%, while the lowest efficiency was 0.9%. These findings demonstrate that, despite its relatively low efficiency, the prototype can function as an alternative energy source and emergency backup solution. Thus, this research provides an initial contribution to supporting the implementation of the V2G concept through the development of a small-scale steam plant-based energy conversion system.

The Paiton Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is one of the main sources of electrical energy in East Java, which plays a vital role in maintaining a sustainable electricity supply. The reliability of generator units is a key element in maintaining stable energy distribution. However, the high frequency of sudden generator failures poses serious challenges, such as increased downtime and increased maintenance costs. To address these challenges, this study aims to design a generator maintenance prediction model based on the Naive Bayes algorithm with a predictive maintenance approach. This study uses historical maintenance data and key sensor parameters such as temperature, oil pressure, and vibration as input. The data is analyzed through several stages, namely data preprocessing, selection of relevant features, and labeling generator conditions into three categories: Normal, Warning, and Critical. The Naive Bayes model is trained to classify the data probabilistically to generate predictions of future generator conditions. Model evaluation using accuracy metrics and a confusion matrix shows that the model successfully achieved an accuracy rate of 89% and was able to provide early warnings of potential failures up to 3 days before failure occurs. The implementation of this system is expected to support the shift in maintenance strategies from reactive and scheduled systems to data-driven predictive systems. Implementing failure predictions allows the technical team at the Paiton PLTU to conduct planned maintenance, avoid sudden disruptions, and extend equipment lifespan. Thus, this model has the potential to reduce operational downtime by up to 25%, while providing significant savings in operational and logistics costs. This research also shows that integrating machine learning technology into energy facility management can improve the efficiency and resilience of the overall electric power system.

Improving the accuracy of emission monitoring in the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) is crucial to support compliance with environmental regulations, especially in gas and steam-based power plants (PLTGU). At PT Jawa Satu Power's PLTGU, the purging system on the CEMS sample probe is still performed manually and limited to scheduled preventive maintenance, potentially reducing emission data reliability due to particle contamination. This study aims to design and simulate an automatic purging system based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), taking into account technical parameters such as timer, gas pressure, temperature, and sample flow rate. The system design was carried out through the modeling of automatic control logic using CX-Programmer software, with a protection approach based on real-time conditions and timing. The design results show that the automatic purging system can improve cleaning consistency, reduce the risk of contamination, and enhance the integrity of emission monitoring data. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for developing a more applicable and integrated automated purging system for CEMS in the future.

Sterilization occupies a fundamental position in the domain of dentistry, ensuring that the instruments utilized are entirely devoid of pathogenic microorganisms. An autoclave sterilization apparatus employing the dry heat technique, based on the Arduino Uno platform, is essential in providing a robust and effective methodology for the sterilization of dental instruments. The hardware configuration is comprised of a heating element, a temperature sensor, and a control system that is meticulously designed to uphold temperature with precision and reliability. The sterilization of dental instruments is imperative for upholding hygiene standards and averting cross-contamination. The primary aim of this research is to devise a sterilization device that is both efficient and effective through the implementation of the dry heat method, which is regarded as safer in comparison to traditional steam-based techniques. The architecture of this autoclave incorporates an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the central controller of the system, which autonomously regulates the temperature and duration of the sterilization cycle. The temperature sensor and heating element are systematically interconnected to maintain the temperature within the optimal range (100-150°C), which is critical for effective dry heat sterilization. Furthermore, a user-friendly interface has been integrated to facilitate the oversight of the sterilization process. This apparatus is adept at executing the sterilization procedure efficiently within a reduced timeframe, without compromising the integrity of the sterilization results. The system provides enhanced control and can be tailored to meet specific user requirements, thereby positioning it as an ideal solution for cost-sensitive dental clinics. This innovation is expected to significantly elevate hygiene standards within dental practices and may stimulate considerable advancements in the healthcare sector.

The essential oil of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a high-value commodity widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its bioactive components such as citral. Optimizing its distillation process is necessary to achieve maximum yield with time and energy efficiency. This study aims to determine the hourly yield distribution of essential oil from Lombong-type lemongrass during steam distillation and to analyze its extraction kinetics to identify the optimal distillation duration. Distillation was conducted for four hours with yield recorded each hour, and the data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained in the first hour (0.1882%), followed by a sharp decline, with no additional yield observed in the fourth hour. The pseudo-first-order model showed the best fit to the experimental data with a rate constant of k = 0,8012/hour. Meanwhile the pseudo-second-order model did not fit well. These findings indicate that the extraction process is dominated by external diffusion and the rapid release of surface volatile compounds. Therefore, it is recommended that distillation duration be limited to two hours to optimize energy and time efficiency.

Burns are tissue damage or loss that occurs due to direct exposure to heat sources such as fire, hot liquids or fats, hot steam, radiation, electricity, or chemicals. The process of healing burns is a complex and long-lasting process and involves a repair process that depends on the immune system, there are three stages, namely: inflammation, formation of granulation tissue (proliferation), and remodeling (which can result in scarring). Research objectives and methods to determine the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the burn wound healing process by searching both international and national literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Elsevier. Based on the results of a literature study from several journals, 3 research journals were obtained that discussed several plants that contain substances that can act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns. The following are the results of screening of the journals, including betel leaves (Piper betleLinn.), Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera), Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia Tenn) have phenolic compounds contained in them, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, essential oils, saponins, monoterpenes, polyphenols, and steroids that have the potential as antioxidants, antibacterials, anti-have very good effects in the advanced phase, proliferation phase and remodeling phase which play an important role in reducing, shortening, changing the size of the wound edge distance and accelerating wound healing. Based on the results of the review of these journals, it proves the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns.

Coal is an organic mineral from ancient plant remains that settles and goes through physical or chemical processes over a period of up to millions of years. Coal is used as a source of steam-powered electrical energy through combustion which produces fly ash waste. fly ash contains various chemical materials such as SiO2; Al2O3; Fe2O3. The potential chemical content makes fly ash which can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals and dyes by forming silica xerogel. To increase the silica oxide content in fly ash, a washing process is carried out with various solvents. Research on the adsorption of methylene blue dye using silica xerogel from fly ash with variations in contact time. The results showed that silica xerogel from fly ash was able to adsorb methylene blue dye at a contact time of 90 minutes. Adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo second order model with an R2 value that is better than pseudo first order. It can be seen that the R2 value respectively shows a linear regression of 0.703 for pseudo first order and 1 for pseudo second order.

The low ability of elementary school students to understand and connect interdisciplinary concepts highlights the need for an integrative and contextual learning approach. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning model offers a relevant alternative by fostering critical, creative, and collaborative competencies. This article aims to conceptually examine the implementation of STEAM in thematic learning within Indonesian elementary schools and to identify its potential and challenges. The analysis is based on a review of literature from various relevant sources discussing STEAM in primary education. The findings indicate that the STEAM model contributes to the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies, while supporting the development of 21st-century skills. This article recommends teacher training and the development of contextual learning tools to ensure the effective implementation of STEAM at the elementary level.

Research aims to design and develop a boiler system for heating Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) 180 CST by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance efficiency and operational monitoring. The methods used include boiler system design, selection of types and materials according to international standards, and the implementation of an optimal combustion system. IoT sensors are strategically placed to monitor key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and fluid flow in real-time. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud platform, enabling remote monitoring and automated performance analysis through a web or mobile-based application.. The research results indicate that IoT integration in the boiler system improves fuel heating efficiency, optimizes energy consumption, and facilitates easier monitoring and process control. Testing includes pressure tests, combustion efficiency, steam capacity, and material durability, with real-time monitoring to support performance analysis and early problem detection. Operational data evaluation allows for design adjustments or system settings to further enhance energy efficiency. With this innovation, the boiler system can operate more optimally, support energy efficiency, and facilitate predictive maintenance for sustainable industrial operations. The implementation of IoT in this system is expected to improve safety, effectiveness, and automation in boiler management, making it a more reliable and modern solution.

Teachers in education play a significant role in the quality of classroom learning. Although teachers are not the only factor influencing educational success, they are an essential component of the overall educational process. This study aims to assist teachers in improving basic literacy and STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) skills in early childhood education at the RA Al-Mahir Foundation. The research seeks to explore the improvement of basic literacy and STEAM in early childhood learning, the stages and implementation of these improvements, and the challenges teachers face in enhancing literacy and STEAM at the foundation. The subjects of this study were classroom teachers and school principals. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that there are two key aspects: first, teacher performance in improving basic literacy and STEAM at the RA Al-Mahir Foundation has been excellent, particularly through the use of methods like reading, singing, and experimental play. Second, the activities aimed at improving literacy and STEAM have been effective and well implemented. The learning process at the RA Al-Mahir Foundation is running smoothly, with teachers successfully increasing children's interest in literacy and STEAM. This includes improved reading interest, focus during reading and experimental activities, politeness in the learning process, and good behavior, all contributing to a positive learning environment.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the major health issues contributing to high mortality rates among toddlers, both globally and in developing countries. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of eucalyptus oil steam inhalation therapy in regulating the respiratory rate of toddlers suffering from ARI in the working area of Meskom Public Health Center.This research employs a case study method with a descriptive design. The study population consists of 147 toddlers, with a sample of 16 toddlers diagnosed with ARI in the Meskom Public Health Center's working area. The research was conducted in December. The study results indicate that before administering eucalyptus oil steam inhalation therapy, toddlers' respiratory rates ranged from 30 to 47 breaths per minute, with a median of 41.94 breaths per minute. After the therapy, the respiratory rate changed, ranging from 28 to 46 breaths per minute, while the median remained at 41.94 breaths per minute. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Meskom Public Health Center consider utilizing eucalyptus oil steam inhalation as an additional method in managing ARI in toddlers.

Excessive mucus or secretions in the lungs are a common symptom of bronchopneumonia in children. The buildup of thick phlegm will be difficult to expel and can block the child's respiratory tract. One way to relieve a blocked nose and thin phlegm is by mixing eucalyptus oil and hot water. The ability of eucalyptus oil to break down mucus is caused by cineole. The nursing student's final goal is to present a research synopsis on the use of hot steam therapy along with eucalyptus oil to clear the airways of ineffective bronchopneumonia in children. Using a case study design with three (3) respondents and a mixture of hot water steam and eucalyptus oil, this research uses case study techniques and a nursing process approach. Children aged between three and four years can benefit greatly from a treatment that involves inhaling eucalyptus oil vapors for ten to fifteen minutes to clear the respiratory tract and reduce the viscosity of mucus. The results of implementing the intervention showed that the average results for respondents were 1,2,3 pre-intervention, SpO2 98%, RR: 31x/m, rhonchi(-) R1:30, R2:30, R3:32. post intervention results showed SpO2: 99% and HR: 24x/m, R1:24, R2:25, R3:24. The combined intervention of hot water steam with eucalyptus oil is effective in reducing respiratory frequency in children with bronchopneumonia.

In the 21st century, education is required to produce students who are creative, critical, collaborative, and communicative to face the challenges of the times. Therefore, the implementation of the STEAM learning model is one innovative solution to improve the quality of learning and student outcomes, especially in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) that adopts the Kemmis and McTaggart model with two learning cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the STEAM learning model. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes from cycle I to cycle II. In the cognitive domain, the average student score increased from 76% in cycle I to 88% in cycle II. In the psychomotor domain, there was an increase from 71% in cycle I to 91% in cycle II. Meanwhile, in the affective domain, student activities increased from 78% in cycle I to 92% in cycle II. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the STEAM learning model can be declared effective in improving student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects for grade III students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Munawwarah, Jambi City.

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a freshwater fish that is widely found in Indonesia. Snakehead fish has many benefits, including increasing albumin levels in the blood, increasing endurance, can heal wounds, both internal wounds, external wounds and post-operative wounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the character of the chemical compounds of snakehead fish extract in Lake Tondano. The method used for extraction is the Steaming method and analyzed using FTIR. The results of the study of Snakehead fish extract were analyzed in the FTIR computer application and obtained results showing 11 absorption band peaks. At the absorption band peaks of 3626.34 cm-1 and 3445.20 cm-1 indicate the O-H group suspected of having an alcohol compound. At the absorption band peak of 2097.19 cm-1 indicates the C = C group suspected of having an alkene compound. The peak of absorption band 1651.21 cm-1 and 1644.98 cm-1 indicates C=O group which is suspected to be amide compound I. The absorption band 1551.19 cm-1 indicates bending vibration of N-H group and stretching vibration of C-N which is suspected to be amide compound II. The absorption band 1458.33 cm-1 indicates CH3 group in the presence of collagen. The absorption band 1400.04 cm-1 indicates COO group which is suspected to be amino acid compound, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The absorption band 1080.74 cm-1 indicates C-N group which is suspected to be amine compound. And the last absorption band is 562.15 cm-1 and 494.05 cm-1 indicates stretching vibration which indicates other compounds  

PT. Dian Swastatika Sentosa generates electricity through a private thermal power plant. This company produces steam and electricity for paper mills. The company hopes to meet its steam and electricity needs in 2023 with a boiler with a load capacity of 180 tons and a maximum capacity of 220 tons. However, from February to July 2023, that goal was not achieved. The most common problems faced by this company are the failure to conduct preventive inspections and timely machine maintenance, as well as the failure to carry out necessary repairs. Delays in machine repairs, which result in inconsistent machine downtime schedules to meet customer demand, leading to damage to boiler equipment, causing abnormal boiler operation and reduced steam production. This research aims to design equipment to withstand operational impacts using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) with the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) techniques. The RCM method assists in identifying the processes that must be followed to guarantee that a machine or system performs as intended. RCM can also be used to design, choose, and create alternative maintenance methods that are focused on safety, operations, standards, and economics. For the entire problem in the investigation, a dynamic model is necessary. An analytical system is used in this model in order to recognize and duplicate the features of the overall system., as well as to provide repair solutions and address the burden of the problem. This research produces a presentation in the form of problem identification, causal loops, diagrams of machines that frequently experience failures, rich images of the causes and effects of the ball plate crusher liner damage, root cause definitions, and conceptual models for repair and maintenance. business productivity and debating process. 

Sterilization is a process that aims to remove all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from an object or surface. This process is very important in various fields, such as medicine, laboratories, food industry, and pharmaceuticals, to prevent infection and contamination. This article was written through a literature review of articles originating from international and national journals. Data searches were carried out through scientific-based websites and databases, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. The results show that of various sterilization methods such as autoclave, oven, ozone, filtration, steam, 70% alcohol, UV radiation and gamma rays, each has different effectiveness in killing microorganisms, and each method has advantages and disadvantages. . The conclusion of this article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of various sterilization methods used in laboratory and industrial contexts. Various techniques, such as autoclave, oven, ozone, filtration, steam, 70% alcohol, UV radiation and gamma rays.  

This study also aims to develop an Educational Play Tool (APE) in the form of a pop-up book, understand its characteristics, test its practicality, and ensure its effectiveness. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate) development model. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires administered to validators and educators. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The STEAM-based learning process with pop-up books developed using the ADDIE model and STEAM steps is feasible and valid for use as an instructional medium that can enhance students' creativity. (2) The characteristics of STEAM-based learning with pop-up books are simple, attractive, enjoyable, easy to use, and capable of enhancing student development. The guidebook developed also facilitates teachers in using the pop- up books. (3) The practicality of using the pop-up book is considered very valid with a percentage of 88%, while the guidebook is deemed very practical with a percentage of 90%. (4) The effectiveness of STEAM-based learning with pop-up books is proven, with a percentage score of 90%, indicating that the pop-up book is highly valid in facilitating the understanding of learning concepts for early childhood.

In the fruit processing industry, peel is one of the main by-products. Non-edible portions of fruit are likewise seen as waste and are frequently thrown out into the environment. Nowadays, one of the main sources used by the pharmaceutical sector to isolate and extract secondary metabolites is fruit peels. Many applications known for lime peel, especially for antibacterial. This study focuses on the isolation, chemical composition characterization, and antibacterial activity on skin pathogenic bacteria of lime peel essential oil (LPEO). LPEO were isolated using steam distillation and characterized by GC/MS. A total of 24 components were identified. The major constituents of the LPEO were d-limonene (40.24%), β-terpinene (15.68%), sabinene (13.15%), citral (3.41%), α-Terpineol (3.40%), and terpinene-4-ol (2.94%). The antibacterial activity was determined using the Kirby-Baurer method against several bacteria that can cause skin infections. The antibacterial activity of LPEO against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionicbacterium acne is confirmed. LPEO showed varied levels of antibacteria activity against the gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) in millimetres was used to measure the antibacterial activity, and amoxicillin was used as a control.