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This paper analyzes the relevance of the Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory in shaping public policy in Indonesia’s trade sector, particularly in the context of implementing Law Number 7 of 2014 on Trade. Using key concepts of Critical Theory—such as alienation, reification, instrumental rationality, and emancipation—this study evaluates how the structure of modern political economy can generate social inequality, the marginalization of small business actors, and the dominance of market-driven logic in national trade practices. A thematic analysis approach based on a literature review is employed to examine relevant scholarly works, including theories from Adorno, Horkheimer, Habermas, and contemporary critical theorists. The findings indicate that trade policies tend to be technocratic, efficiency-oriented, and insufficiently reflective of economic democracy, social justice, and empowerment principles for grassroots economic actors as mandated by the constitution. Such conditions reproduce structural injustices, particularly for MSMEs, which are often marginalized within a competitive trade system dominated by large capital. Therefore, more inclusive, participatory policy designs that are sensitive to structural inequalities are urgently needed. This study concludes that Critical Theory serves as a robust conceptual framework for analyzing power relations within the trade sector while also offering a transformative direction for policy development. Strengthening deliberative public spheres, enhancing MSME protection, and transforming power relations are essential steps toward achieving trade policies that are fairer, more humanistic, and emancipatory.

This study aims to analyze the representation of hegemony in the film Kupu-Kupu Kertas using Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony theory and a literary sociology approach. As a medium of mass communication, film not only conveys stories but also produces and reproduces cultural values, ideologies, and power structures that operate subtly within society. Set against the historical backdrop of 1965, the film portrays ideological clashes between NU/Ansor and the PKI, which affect not only political spheres but also everyday culture, social relations, and moral dynamics that shape the collective consciousness of Javanese society. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through content analysis of the film using an observation–note technique to identify scenes, dialogues, and visual symbols related to culture, hegemony, and ideology. The analysis focuses on revealing how dominant values are constructed and negotiated through the representation of characters, narratives, and social traditions portrayed in the film. In conclusion, Kupu-Kupu Kertas not only documents the political tragedy of 1965 but also demonstrates that hegemony operates through subtle mechanisms embedded in culture, morality, and patterns of thought. This study affirms the relevance of Gramsci’s theory in examining literary works and films as social texts that practice power while also opening space for understanding individual resistance to ideological domination.

In late August 2025, Indonesia was rocked by nationwide political demonstrations, triggered by the death of a delivery driver at the hands of police. These protests turned violent, leading to multiple casualties, injuries, and arson attacks on government and commercial buildings. This unrest has raised international concerns regarding the country’s safety image. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze secondary sources, such as news media, government releases, and academic literature, to explore how hosting the 2025 MotoGP at the Mandalika Circuit could be used as a nation-branding strategy to counter negative perceptions. The study draws on nation branding theory, destination image concepts, event leveraging, and Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Findings suggest that Indonesian authorities are actively promoting MotoGP Mandalika 2025 as an opportunity to demonstrate the country’s resilience and safety standards. We analyze two scenarios: one in which the event is canceled and one where it is successfully executed. The paper argues that canceling the event, unless due to a legitimate health crisis, would signal weakness and harm the country's image, while proceeding with it would reflect confidence and effective crisis management. As a "brand shield," the MotoGP event is being leveraged to reinforce the narrative of Indonesia as a stable and safe international sports host, demonstrating the country's ability to manage crises while showcasing its commitment to safety and resilience.

This study examines the poem  "Peringatan" ("Warning") by Wiji Thukul using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The aim of the research is to uncover the meaning of resistance implied in the poem through three layers of meaning: denotative, connotative, and myth. The poem was written in a repressive socio-political context, in which freedom of expression was silenced by those in power. Through a Barthesian approach, the lines of the poem are analyzed as a system of signs that symbolically represent resistance against authoritarian rule. The analysis reveals that the poem not only conveys an aesthetic message but also constructs a counter-discourse to the dominant ideology. The poem becomes a site of resistance, urging the people not to submit to oppression. This study reinforces the view that literature, particularly poetry, holds great potential as a medium of struggle and freedom.

East Africa has great potential in the tourism sector, but is vulnerable to the threat of terrorism that can hinder economic growth and regional stability. This research aims to analyze the impact of terrorism on tourism development, especially in Kenya as a case study. The research uses a Library Research method with a descriptive qualitative approach based on narrative and contextual. The theory used is the tactical definition of terrorism by C.A.J Coady which emphasizes violence against civilians for political interests and Esmailzadeh's perspective which states the adaptive and global nature of terrorism. The results of the analysis show that terror attacks, such as those that occurred in several countries in the East African region, do not only cause physical casualties but also psychological and symbolic impacts in the form of declining tourist numbers, disruption of security perceptions and a negative image of the destination in the eyes of the international community. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach: hard security, inclusive economic development, and soft power-based promotion. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of theoretical-philosophical approaches and empirical data to assess the linkages between security and tourism in conflict-prone areas, which have rarely been studied in depth in the East African context.

Corruption remains a serious issue that hinders development and erodes public trust in the government, particularly in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. Both nations have long histories of dealing with systemic corruption. This study aims to compare the legal systems and anti-corruption law enforcement in Indonesia and Malaysia to identify challenges and areas for improvement. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing legal documents, academic journals, and regulations related to anti-corruption agencies in both countries. This study employs legal system theory and institutional theory. The main problem examined is how anti-corruption law enforcement differs between Indonesia and Malaysia and what the main enforcement challenges are. The findings show that while Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was once powerful, recent political interference and regulatory revisions have weakened its impact. Conversely, Malaysia has more comprehensive legal instruments, but its enforcement agencies struggle with independence and political pressure. In conclusion, both countries must strengthen legal supremacy, institutional independence, and public engagement to enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts.

This study examines the impact of political and public official corruption on Nigerian democracy and government legitimacy between 1999 and 2023. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, supported by documentary analysis, with the elite theory framework as the basis for gathering and evaluating relevant data. The study argues that the pervasive corruption within Nigeria’s democratic system is largely driven by the ruling elites, who control both political power and wealth. The elites are able to appropriate state powers and utilize them to amass resources and build networks of patronage, which are crucial for maintaining their dominance and subjugating the un-elite majority. Through the lens of power relations, the study highlights how these corrupt practices have led to the entrenchment of the elites’ control over political and economic systems. The study concludes that political corruption has significantly undermined the government's ability to provide essential public goods and services, which has, in turn, contributed to a decline in public trust in Nigeria's political institutions and democratic processes during this period. As the political landscape has become increasingly dominated by corruption, citizens have grown disillusioned with the system. The study recommends that Nigeria's political leadership reassess its current, money-driven and self-serving political approach, and adopt a more service-oriented model. Strengthening the rule of law, promoting public involvement in governance, and ensuring governmental accountability and legitimacy could help prevent Nigeria's slide toward political authoritarianism and reverse the democratic decline.

This study investigates the strategic use of language in social media political campaigns, with particular emphasis on its impact on audience engagement and public discourse transformation. Through a comprehensive theoretical framework incorporating the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Elaboration Likelihood Model, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Framing Theory, the research examines complex linguistic patterns, sentiment variations, and framing strategies across 10,000 campaign posts from major social media platforms. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining computational linguistics analysis with qualitative discourse examination. Using natural language processing tools and manual coding, researchers analyzed linguistic features including lexical choice, syntactic structures, metaphorical expressions, and rhetorical devices. Results reveal sophisticated patterns of deliberate linguistic manipulation designed to evoke specific emotional responses (72% of posts), reinforce political ideologies (65%), and adapt to temporal and platform-specific contexts (83%). The findings demonstrate that campaign language strategically evolves across different platforms, with Twitter showing more aggressive rhetoric (58%) compared to Facebook (31%) and Instagram (27%). Additionally, temporal analysis reveals significant shifts in linguistic strategies during critical campaign periods, with increased emotional language use during key political events (92% correlation). This research contributes to our understanding of digital political communication and offers practical insights for analyzing social media campaign strategies.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

The goal of this research is to find out how the policy for preventing and handling sexual violence is implemented for students on UMJ campus. The theory used is from of T.B. Smith which consists of several indicators, namely a) Idealized Policy; b) Target Group; c) Implementing Organization; and d) Environmental Factors. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. Data obtained by observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that: 1) Idealized Policy, Muhammadiyah University Jakarta has derivative regulations, but they have not been massively informed; 2) Target Groups, namely this regulation is intended for students, but its implementation is not yet optimal; 3) Implementing Organization, UMJ has a PPKS institution which has a program concept, but students as a whole are not yet aware of the existence of this institution; 4) Environmental Factors, Permendikbudristek No. 30 of 2021 cannot be said to be completely in line with the Islamic campus cultural environment because the regulation contains the phrase 'without the victim's consent' which is biased in meaning. Apart from that, the shift in Islamic culture at UMJ was also caused by many factors, such as social, economic and political factors involving power relations.

This research examines environmental scarcity caused by the construction of the Daratei geothermal power plant, in Ulubelu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency. The focus of this research is political and social factors that influence the geothermal development process. This research tries to examine in more depth and analyze the environmental impacts of geothermal power plants in terms of social and political aspects, with the aim of knowing the environmental impacts of geothermal power plant construction projects in terms of social and political aspects. This research uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, documentation and interviews, with subjects selected purposively, namely selecting informants with certain considerations. The results of this research were then analyzed using environmental scarcity theory which was viewed from social and political aspects including demand scarcity, supply scarcity, structural scarcity, environmental regulations, public and social approval, and government intervention. The results of this research are the main factors causing environmental scarcity due to several political aspects in the form of lack of government support and policies in encouraging the use of geothermal energy as well as lack of community participation and transparency in decision making.

This study investigates the hegemonic practices depicted in George Orwell’s “1984” and Okky Mandasari’s “Entrok,” comparing the methods of state control and indoctrination in both novels. Hegemony, as conceptualized by Gramsci, involves not just physical dominance but also ideological influence and societal consensus. This research employs a qualitative inductive method to explore how these novels represent state hegemony through their narratives and characters “1984” portrays a dystopian society where The  Party exerts total control, influencing citizens from childhood through public spectacles      and constant surveillance, leading to pervasive fear and compliance. Similarly, “Entrok” depicts the New Order era in Indonesia, where the state employs indoctrination intimidation to maintain power, affecting individuals and their communities. Through  comparative literature theory, this study highlights the similarities and differences in the  portrayal of state dominance in these two novels. The findings reveal that both novels  illustrate the pervasive and multifaceted nature of hegemony, emphasizing the role of  ideological control and the subtle mechanisms of power that shape societal behavior and  beliefs.

In the social field, there are development and change condition public will impact on existence anges to the order existing laws in the country. The more its height demands society so that the Government can organize with method transparent, accountable, more responsive to the needs and expectations that exist in society, create development theory principles general good government.​ This writing focuses on the challenges faced moment implementation principle the. With use normative juridical approach, author will study in a way regulation legislation. Based on results analysis writer, then can concluded that there is a number of a must challenge resolved, first balance strength in a democratic political system, second, systemic and independent supervision by existing state and social institutions with good, third, institution the law is not yet completely independent and impartial in carry out Justice law, fourth, quality source Power still human​ not enough in carry the trust given.

The role of Islamic boarding schools has created interesting dynamics related to economic, educational, political and social relations. The better the economic status, the quality of education, and the wider the influence of power, the better the culture and traditions that are born and developed through Islamic boarding schools. The aim of this thesis is to determine the management of the economic development strategy of the Dalailul Khoirot Islamic boarding school, Muntialo Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. This thesis uses the economic development strategy theory of the Dalailul Khoirot Islamic boarding school, Muntialo Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency. This thesis uses a qualitative approach, data collection methods through observation, interviews and documentation and analysis methods carried out by data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The research results show that economic development strategy for the Dalailul Khoirot Islamic boarding school, Muntialo Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, is carried out by developing the entrepreneurial spirit of students, practical methods, implementing a partnership pattern, sustainable business units, creating independence and inviting community participation. Constraints in the economic development strategy of the Dalailul Kh Islamic boarding school. Obstacles in the economic development strategy of the Dalailul Khoirot Islamic boarding school, Muntialo Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, include low public buying interest and limited facilities and infrastructure. Efforts to develop the economy of the Dalailul Khoirot Islamic boarding school, Muntialo Village, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, include conducting outreach and cooperation and improving facilities and infrastructure.

In Indonesia, the Job Creation Law has had a major impact on workers, especially in terms of policies that tend to favor companies. The emphasis on labor flexibility and the ease with which companies can restructure can reduce job security, wages, and workers' rights. Inequalities in labor contract negotiations arise as the power differential between companies and workers widens. Thus, modern slavery practices often emerge to make workers feel marginalized. This is due to the lack of legal protection, which is detrimental to their health. Therefore, this study aims to provide an explanation of the effect of government regulation in the form of omnibus law and investment policies on the welfare of workers in terms of wages and working time. To achieve this goal, this research uses a political economy perspective with two derivative theories, namely the theory of oligarchy and neoliberalism. Then, in collecting data, this research will use the big data analytics method that will collect data containing tweets from Indonesians on social media X that contain certain keywords. This method consists of several stages consisting of data cleaning processing, data transformation into tabular form, and data visualization. Besides big data, this research also uses literature review methods to collect data from books, journals, and articles related to this research topic.

This research is to understand the concept of power in political and democratic theory. This research uses the method, In political theory, the concept of power refers to the ability of a person or group to influence the actions, decisions and behavior of other people. This concept is important in understanding how power is used and distributed in a political system. In political theory, power is understood as the ability to influence the actions and decisions of others, with various approaches, including as a resource or as a social relationship.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) have 17 goals from 2015 to 2030. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) are in line with the vision and mission of President Joko Widodo and Vice President Ma'aruf Amin in the 2020-2024 National Medium Term Development Plan. Then it was aligned into the Lingga Regency Medium Term Development Plan 2021-2026. The background of this research is to measure how far the Lingga District Social Service has implemented poverty alleviation in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) Program to reduce poverty in Lingga District. The method used in this research is using a qualitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources and using data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the Van Meter Van Horn Theory with six indicators, namely policy standards and targets, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, attitudes of implementers, inter-organizational communication, social, economic, and political environment. The results of the research are based on the first indicator, namely the standards and policy targets have a direct impact on coastal communities in Lingga Regency so that they are said to be poor. The second indicator is resources, the existing resources are in accordance with the standards set even though there are some human resources who still commit fraud. Indicator. The third is that the characteristics of implementing organizations have implemented existing policies in a firm and disciplined manner towards beneficiaries. The fourth indicator is the attitude of the implementers to accept the policy, it's just that there is a lack of response from Social Service employees and supervision is carried out. The fifth indicator is that communication between organizations has been established, it's just that the executors rarely come into the field for various reasons. Thus causing fraud. The sixth indicator, namely the social, economic and political environment, has been implemented with the government's efforts to improve the welfare of the community. The conclusion of this study is that the Lingga District Social Service has implemented a poverty alleviation program based on the Sustainable Development Goals Program in Lingga District.