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Literature is not only a source of entertainment, but also a tool for contemplating human life that is full of internal conflicts and psychological issues. Short stories as a type of literature often present the realities of life in a concise yet meaningful way, making them interesting to analyze with a variety of scientific methods. This research focuses on the short story "Happiness That Kills" by applying two main approaches, namely the analysis of intrinsic elements and literary psychology. This story depicts a happy state that appears from the outside, but actually hides the emotional burden experienced by the main character, Malla. The method applied in this study is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques, which is oriented towards the introduction of themes, plots, characters, settings, and mandates, as well as exploring the psychological dynamics of characters using Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results of the study show that the internal conflicts in this story arise from the battle between the id, ego, and superego, especially when Malla struggles to maintain harmony in her family at the expense of herself. Overall, this short story shows that forced happiness can lead to suffering. By combining structural and psychological analysis, this study reveals the deep meaning related to social pressures, inner struggles, and humanitarian messages that the author seeks to convey. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the study of literature, especially in understanding the relationship between story structure and the psychological condition of characters in contemporary literary works.

The increasing consumption of packaged food products in Indonesia reflects modern lifestyle changes but simultaneously raises public health concerns related to high calorie, sugar, and fat intake. Nutritional information presented on food labels consists of multiple interrelated variables, making it difficult to identify dominant nutritional factors that characterize packaged food products. This study aims to apply Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of nutritional data and to map the nutritional characteristics of packaged food products in Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative exploratory approach using secondary data obtained from nutrition facts labels of 1,651 packaged food products. Seven nutritional variables were initially analyzed, namely total energy, protein, total fat, total carbohydrates, sugar, sodium, and dietary fiber. Data preprocessing included data cleaning, Z-score standardization, and iterative variable selection based on the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity to ensure sampling adequacy and sufficient correlation among variables. Variables with low sampling adequacy and perfect multicollinearity were eliminated, resulting in five variables retained for the final PCA model. Principal components were extracted using the eigenvalue greater than one criterion and confirmed through a scree plot, followed by Varimax rotation to enhance interpretability. The results indicate the formation of two principal components explaining approximately 69.7% of the total variance. The first component represents energy density and macronutrient richness, while the second component reflects carbohydrate-related characteristics, particularly the contrasting pattern between sugar and dietary fiber. Biplot visualization further illustrates product distribution based on these components. The findings demonstrate that PCA effectively simplifies complex nutritional information and provides a clear nutritional mapping of packaged food products, offering practical insights for consumers, producers, and policymakers in supporting healthier food choices in Indonesia.

Film as a cultural text never exists independently but is always connected to previous texts that form a network of meanings. The phenomenon of film remakes demonstrates a strong intertextual relationship, as seen in My Annoying Brother in its South Korean and Indonesian versions. This study examines the intertextual relationship between the two films and analyzes the ways the story is reworked within different social and cultural contexts. The purpose of this research is to investigate the intertextual relations between the South Korean version as the source text and the Indonesian version as the transformed text by applying the concepts of opposition, transposition, and transformation. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using an observation method through careful and repeated film viewing, accompanied by note-taking of important dialogues and significant scenes. The research data consist of narrative elements of the films, including plot, characters, conflict, setting, and cultural values. The findings reveal that although both films share similar narrative structures and central conflicts, the Indonesian version incorporates local cultural adaptations that generate new meanings within the context of cross-cultural film remakes.

Continuous chemical control of rat pests (Rattus spp.) can sometimes lead to resistance and resurgence problems, and even some cases of inaccurate targeting ultimately killing livestock. The idea of ​​​​repelling rats in rice fields using vibrations of crickets and other natural animals transmitted via radio has been done and the results are quite optimal for rat control, but it has not been done in corn cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cat sound audio on the intensity of rat pest attacks (Rattus spp.) in corn (Zea mays L.) plantations. The research location was in a farmer's land owned by a farmer in Dagan Village, Solokuro District, Lamongan Regency. Determination of sampling points using the diagonal method, each into 5 sub-observation plots. In each sub-plot, markers were placed as sampling points. Audio with cat and bird sounds was played continuously from 05.00 pm - 07.00 am. Observations were conducted at 7:00 a.m. at all sampling points at 30 and 60 days after planting. Observations were conducted for three days using audio and three days without audio. Damage symptoms were observed directly at each sampling point. Corn plants showing symptoms were then recorded and analyzed using the Damage Intensity formula. Observations showed that the use of cat sound audio was able to reduce the level of rat infestation. At 30 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 8.33%. Meanwhile, at 60 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 18.33%.

Teaching fiction in Indonesian language classrooms is often constrained by text-centered instruction and limited use of engaging digital media. In the era of Generation Z learners who are visually and digitally oriented, innovative learning materials are needed to enhance motivation, interpretation, and comprehension of literary texts. This study aims to develop and evaluate a Scribus-based digital magazine for fiction learning by integrating the ADDIE model within a qualitative descriptive framework. The research adopted a qualitative descriptive design comprising five stages of the ADDIE model: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 10 Semarang, involving one Indonesian language teacher and fifteen Grade VIII students, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model (data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing). Media and content experts conducted validation to assess the feasibility, usability, and pedagogical quality of the content. Findings revealed that the Scribus-based learning media effectively increased students’ engagement and comprehension in analyzing fictional elements such as plot, character, and setting. Expert validation results indicated a high feasibility level, with mean scores above 85% in design and content quality. Teachers reported improved classroom interaction and creativity, while students expressed enthusiasm for the visual and interactive format. The study concludes that open-source tools, such as Scribus, can provide cost-effective and pedagogically sound alternatives for developing literary learning media. The integration of ADDIE and multimodal design promotes contextual, engaging, and sustainable learning experiences. Future research should explore multimedia enhancements, such as audio storytelling and cross-curricular applications, to broaden the pedagogical impact.

Oral literature is a form of storytelling from one individual to another in a concise manner as a representation of a society's culture. One type that is interesting to study in this field is legends. This study examines the Keong Mas legend using Burhan Nurgiyantoro's structuralism approach theory, which focuses on analyzing the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that aims to reveal the narrative structure and social and cultural meanings contained in the legend as a reflection of the moral values and local wisdom of the people of East Java. The information collection method used observation and note-taking. The results of the analysis show that the Keong Mas legend has a cohesive story structure, including theme, characters, plot, setting, and point of view, which simultaneously reflect the values of loyalty, justice, and family conflict in a socio-cultural context. These findings confirm the relevance of oral literature as a medium for the inheritance of living and evolving cultural values, and contribute to the understanding of cultural identity and literary aesthetics in Indonesia, especially in the East Java region.

Continuous chemical control of rat pests (Rattus spp.) can sometimes lead to resistance and resurgence problems, and even some cases of inaccurate targeting ultimately killing livestock. The idea of ​​​​repelling rats in rice fields using vibrations of crickets and other natural animals transmitted via radio has been done and the results are quite optimal for rat control, but it has not been done in corn cultivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cat sound audio on the intensity of rat pest attacks (Rattus spp.) in corn (Zea mays L.) plantations. The research location was in a farmer's land owned by a farmer in Dagan Village, Solokuro District, Lamongan Regency. Observations were carried out on two corn fields, each measuring 1400 m2 with a distance of 1 meter between the two fields. Determination of sampling points using the diagonal method, each into 5 sub-observation plots. In each sub-plot, markers were placed as sampling points. Audio with cat and bird sounds was played continuously from 05.00 pm - 07.00 am. Observations were conducted at 7:00 a.m. at all sampling points at 30 and 60 days after planting. Observations were conducted for three days using audio and three days without audio. Damage symptoms were observed directly at each sampling point. Corn plants showing symptoms were then recorded and analyzed using the Damage Intensity formula. Observations showed that the use of cat sound audio was able to reduce the level of rat infestation. At 30 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 8.33%. Meanwhile, at 60 days after planting, the damage percentage was reduced by 18.33%.

Farmer empowerment through the development of local agricultural commodities is an important strategy to increase farmers’ income and strengthen the independence of farmer groups. This community service activity aimed to enhance the capacity of the Padimas Farmer Group in Sana Tengah Village, Pasean Sub-district, Pamekasan Regency, through the development of local Madura melon as a regional flagship commodity. The program was implemented using a participatory–collaborative approach that actively involved farmers in all stages of the activity, including the identification of local needs and potentials, provision of demonstration plot land, cultivation assistance, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The melon demonstration plot served as a practical learning medium for farmers in applying cultivation techniques adapted to local agroclimatic conditions. The results showed that the development of the local melon demonstration plot significantly improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in melon cultivation, with a plant survival rate reaching 99%. In addition, this activity supported the establishment of a group-based flagship commodity with promising economic value and market opportunities. Overall, the farmer empowerment program contributed positively to strengthening farmers’ economic independence and has the potential to serve as a model for sustainable horticultural agribusiness development in the Pamekasan region.

Literary works are the author's reflection of real life. This paper aims to determine the intrinsic elements contained in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" in the short story collection "A Pair of Old Shoes" by Sapardi Djoko Damono with an objective approach. The results of the study indicate that the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" has intact intrinsic elements which include theme, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, style of language, and moral. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis with an objective approach in literary works. Data analysis techniques include reading the short story, observing the short story, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study is the integrity of the intrinsic elements contained in the story. The results show that this short story has intact intrinsic elements that support each other and enrich the meaning of the story. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with the steps of reading, observing, collecting data, describing, and drawing conclusions. This study provides a deeper understanding of how the intrinsic elements in the short story "Killing a Crazy Person" work together to form a complete and meaningful story.

Hypertension is a major global health risk that requires accurate early detection, yet conventional methods struggle with complex and imbalanced health datasets. This study aims to optimize hypertension prediction using a Logistic Regression model integrated with Borderline-SMOTE to enhance recall and provide model transparency through SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations). The method utilizes the BRFSS dataset, applying Borderline-SMOTE to address class imbalance at the decision boundary and XAI techniques for global and local interpretation. The findings show that the model achieved an accuracy of 0.719, an AUC of 0.800, and a significantly improved recall of 0.756. SHAP analysis identified age, high cholesterol, and BMI as the most influential risk factors, while waterfall plots successfully clarified individual risk extremes, ranging from 1.72% to 99.43% probability. These results imply that the proposed approach provides a sensitive and transparent screening tool for public health practitioners, effectively balancing statistical efficiency with clinical accountability.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

This study analyzes the short story Cinta Semata Wayang by Nuryana Asmaudi SA using a literary psychology approach grounded in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The research applies a literature study with a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through close reading to identify structural elements and the psychological dynamics of the characters. The findings reveal marital conflict symbolized through wayang figures, particularly Rama and Sinta. Structurally, the story presents a progressive plot, symbolic and metaphorical language, and central themes of love and responsibility. The psychological analysis highlights the interaction of the id, ego, and superego within the main characters: Rama experiences tension between personal desires and moral norms, while Sinta demonstrates superego dominance through loyalty and emotional endurance. The short story emphasizes that true love is not solely based on emotion but also requires responsibility, commitment, and moral awareness as the foundation of a harmonious and sustainable relationship. This research contributes to literary psychology studies and deepens understanding of moral values in literature.

Sweet corn is a horticultural commodity that is widely consumed in Indonesia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of NPK 18-18-18 fertilizer on the vegetative growth, yield components, and relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata). Field experiments were conducted using fertilizer dosages of 0,50, 0,75, 1,00, and 1,50 NPK, with a control treatment for comparison. The application of NPK 18-18-18 significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, ear length, ear diameter, biomass weight, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, plot yield, and overall productivity compared with the control. Mean values across treatments ranged from 68,94–205,72 cm for plant height, 7,41–20,47 mm for stem diameter, 6,01–13,00 leaves per plant, 15,41–20,89 cm for ear length, and 36,05–49,65 mm for ear diameter. Biomass weight ranged from 0,12–0,34 kg, ear weight with husk from 0,13–0,34 kg, and ear weight without husk from 0,12–0,28 kg. Plot yield varied between 7,91–25,46 kg, corresponding to productivity levels of 5,02–16,16 t/ha. RAE analysis indicated that fertilizer application was effective at dosages of 0,75, 1,00, and 1,50 NPK, with the highest effectiveness observed at 1,50 NPK (118%). Notably, the 0,75 NPK dosage achieved an RAE value of 101%, demonstrating that lower fertilizer input can enhance yield while reducing production costs and mitigating fertilizer scarcity. These findings suggest that NPK 18-18-18 fertilizer, when applied at an optimal dosage, can be effectively utilized in sweet corn cultivation to improve growth and productivity while ensuring efficient nutrient management.

Biodiversity is essentially a reflection of the number of species and individuals inhabiting a community, as seen in the Pteridophyta group. These plants, which have evolved to have differentiated roots, stems, and leaves, play an important role in forest systems, primarily as protectors of the soil surface from the effects of erosion, in addition to contributing to the decomposition of organic matter that produces nutrients, and being a major part of the producer chain in the trophic structure. The Jaboi hot spring area, located in the Sukajaya District of Sabang City, exhibits unique ecological characteristics, influenced by the presence of the Jaboi volcano, which gives rise to geothermal phenomena such as fumarole activity, hot steam emissions, and the emergence of high-temperature water flows. This geothermal dynamic directly causes alterations in the physical and chemical conditions of the local soil, thereby shaping habitat characteristics and influencing the existence of vegetation, including ferns. To date, there is little scientific information available on the diversity of ferns in this area. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and measure the diversity of ferns in the Jaboi hot spring area. The study was conducted in October 2025 using an exploratory survey approach to determine plots and purposive sampling techniques for field data collection. Diversity analysis was based on the Shannon-Wiener index (Ĥ) formula. Based on the identification results, 15 species of ferns from a total of 6 families and 433 individuals were found. The diversity index obtained (Ĥ=2.490171) indicates a moderate level.

This study aims to forecast beef prices in Palembang City and at the national level in Indonesia using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method. The data used are the monthly average beef prices for the period January 2019 to December 2024. The analysis involves stationarity tests using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), model identification through Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) plots, parameter estimation with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), and residual diagnostics with the Ljung-Box and Jarque-Bera tests. The results show that beef prices at both regional levels are not stationary at the level but become stationary after the first differencing (I(1)). The best ARIMA models obtained are ARIMA(0,1,1) for Palembang City and ARIMA(1,1,0) for the national level. Both models successfully predict price fluctuations with a low error rate and show a moderate price increase trend. These findings provide practical implications for price stabilization policy making and beef-related business planning. The forecast results state that beef prices in Palembang City and nationally are predicted to tend to rise in 2025 from January to December.  

This research aims to analyze religious and structural values in Dede Soepriatna's short story "Titah yang Berkuasa" through an integrated religious and structural approach. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with content and structural analysis techniques, this study reveals various spiritual values implicit within the narrative of this contemporary Indonesian literary work. The analysis results demonstrate fundamental religious values such as destiny (qada and qadar), tawakkal (submission to God's will), sacrifice, betrayal, and divine justice. The character Roro Oyi represents spiritual steadfastness and surrender to the Creator amidst life's trials, while King Amangkurat's character critiques the abuse of power that contradicts moral-religious principles. Structurally, the short story presents a complex plot with effectively developed central conflict, multidimensional characterization, and rich symbolism that deepens the spiritual meaning of the narrative. The research findings confirm that literature can function as an effective medium for moral and religious education without sacrificing narrative integrity. The integration of religious and structural approaches provides a holistic perspective in understanding how spiritual messages are conveyed through formal beauty, offering a literary appreciation model that harmoniously combines ethical and aesthetic dimensions.

Seagrass beds are coastal ecosystems that have important ecological functions as a provider of habitat, food sources, protection, and reproductive areas for various marine life including Echinoderms. This study aims to analyze the diversity of Echinoderms and their relationship with seagrass distribution in Kiama Beach, Melonguane District, Talaud Islands Regency. The research was conducted in the intertidal zone at three stations using the exploration method with purposive sampling technique. Each station is divided into three plot installation zones measuring 4 × 4 meters, with observations made at low tide. Environmental parameters (temperature and pH), type and number of Echinoderm individuals, and seagrass species were recorded and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and product moment correlations. The results showed that the Echinoderma community consists of two classes and five species: Archaster typicus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novagueniae, Holothuroidea scabra, and Holothuroidea forskali, with the Asteroidea class dominating (75%). The diversity index (H') value was relatively low at all stations with a range of 0.6261–0.6631. Seagrass beds consist of five species, namely Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, and Syringodium isoetifolium, with the highest abundance found in Halophila ovalis. Correlation results showed a strong to very strong relationship between the abundance of Echinoderms and certain seagrass types (r = 0.77–0.99) as well as a strong correlation at the overall level of the station (r = 0.74). This study confirms that the presence and abundance of Echinoderms is greatly influenced by the density and composition of seagrass species. These findings provide important baseline data for the management and conservation of seagrass beds as a support for the sustainability of coastal biodiversity.  

This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between the duration of immersion of coconut water plant growth regulators and manure on the growth of guava cuttings (Syzygium aqueum). This study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors with 48 plots, namely: The first factor is the duration of immersion of coconut water plant growth regulators which is given the symbol 'A' which consists of 4 levels of treatment, namely A0: without immersion, A1: 3 hours, A2: 6 hours, A3: 9 hours. The second factor is manure which is given the symbol 'S' which consists of 4 levels of treatment, namely S0: 0 g / polybag, S1: 50 g / polybag, S2: 100 g / polybag, S3: 150 g / polybag. So there are 16 combinations consisting of 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study are the age of shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot length, leaf length, number of leaves, percentage of survival. The results of the study showed that the duration of immersion in young coconut water with growth regulators and the application of cow dung fertilizer significantly affected the growth of water apple (Syzygium aqueum) cuttings. The results showed that the duration of immersion in young coconut water with growth regulators and the application of cow dung fertilizer only significantly affected the number of shoots and leaves observed in the ninth week.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer made from coffee husk waste on the growth of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 plots. The first factor was the application of goat manure, symbolized as “S,” with four treatment levels: S0 (without goat manure), S1 (250 g/polybag), S2 (350 g/polybag), and S3 (450 g/polybag). The second factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer made from coffee husk waste, symbolized as “K,” with four treatment levels: K0 (0 ml/L water/polybag), K1 (30 ml/L water/polybag), K2 (60 ml/L water/polybag), and K3 (90 ml/L water/polybag). Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations with three replications. The parameters observed in this study were the time of shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot length, number of leaves, plant height, and survival percentage. The results showed that the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste on the growth of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings had no significant effect on all observed parameters.

The purpose of this activity is to socialize disease management and demonstration plots for making simple herbal remedies for native chickens in Liang Village, Salahutu District during the rainy season. This activity was carried out in Liang Village, Salahutu District, which took place in September 2025. The target of this activity is native chicken farmers in Liang Village, Salahutu District. The implementation of this PKM activity includes 3 stages, namely: preparation, implementation and monitoring evaluation. The results obtained from the PKM activity are the implementation of socialization activities and demonstration plots for making simple herbal remedies for farmers in Liang Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency. Socialization related to types of diseases, treatment and prevention of diseases in native chickens. The conclusions that can be conveyed are as follows: increased knowledge about the introduction of native chicken diseases and their prevention, the creation of motivation for business development because they have the right knowledge about the advantages of raising native chickens, increased knowledge and skills about making and administering simple herbal remedies to native chickens, increased knowledge and desire to try native chicken farming as a source of nutritious food and can increase family income, and low mortality rates of native chickens in the rainy season.