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Quality health services are key to improving patient satisfaction among National Health Insurance (JKN) participants. This study aims to systematically review various studies that have been conducted in Indonesia related to the level of JKN patient satisfaction with health services at Community Health Centers. The method used is a literature study by selecting relevant articles published in 2023-2025. Inclusion criteria include articles that discuss the relationship between service quality and JKN patient satisfaction. A total of 11 articles that meet the criteria have been analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the dimensions of service quality that most often influence the level of patient satisfaction are reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles. Most studies also use a quantitative approach with statistical tests such as chi-square and logistic regression to analyze the relationship between variables. However, not all dimensions always significantly affect the assurance dimension in several studies showing inconsistent results. The conclusion of this study is the importance of improving the quality of health services at Community Health Centers to improve JKN patient satisfaction. Health centers must develop patient-focused service strategies by training human resources, improving service systems, and conducting continuous quality evaluations.  

A cooperation agreement is a legal instrument that underlies the regulation of rights, obligations, and responsibilities between the parties involved in a collaboration. In the context of public health financing, this agreement aims to ensure access to adequate health services, especially for disadvantaged groups. Along with the reform of the health sistem in Indonesia in recent years, the government has sought to improve accessibility and quality of services through the transformation of the health financing sistem. The National Health Sistem (SKN) as the main framework is organized to ensure equitable health services. One of the crucial components in the SKN is health financing which is realized through the National Health Insurance (JKN). Legal provisions regarding the form and mechanism of this collaboration have been regulated in Law Number 17 of 2023, specifically Article 4 paragraphs (1) and (2), which emphasize that collaboration between BPJS and central and regional government institutions is carried out through a written agreement, which can be in the form of a memorandum of understanding, operational cooperation, functional cooperation, or other forms mutually agreed upon.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program is a strategic initiative by the Indonesian government to ensure accessible and affordable healthcare for all citizens. Based on literature review and analysis of secondary data, the JKN program significantly contributes to reducing direct household health expenditures (Out-of-Pocket/OOP), particularly among low-income and vulnerable populations. However, several challenges remain, including additional outlays for uncovered services such as non-generic medications and inpatient class upgrades, as well as limitations in health infrastructure. Furthermore, the integration of digital technology through the JKN Mobile application demonstrates a high level of effectiveness in administrative efficiency and user participation. This platform has expanded healthcare accessibility and improved user satisfaction, although digital literacy and technological disparities persist. Hence, strengthening technology-based policies and conducting regular evaluations are essential for ensuring the sustainability and equity of the JKN program implementation.

This study is motivated by the importance of fulfilling the basic rights of honorary teachers as part of efforts to improve the quality of national education. Honorary teachers in private schools, particularly at SD Kasatriyan Surakarta, often face challenges related to welfare and legal protection that are not yet optimal. The study aims to analyze the conformity of the fulfillment of basic rights of honorary teachers at SD Kasatriyan Surakarta with the provisions of Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers. The research employs normative juridical and empirical juridical methods, with secondary data obtained from literature review and primary data collected through interviews and direct observations at the research site. The findings indicate that most honorary teachers receive salaries far below the Surakarta City Minimum Wage and lack social welfare guarantees, such as health insurance or accident protection. Furthermore, access to training, competency development, as well as recognition and promotion, remains very limited. These findings highlight a gap between legal norms and field practices, necessitating more serious policy interventions from the government and foundations to ensure the rights of honorary teachers are fully met and to enhance the overall quality of education.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, managed by BPJS Kesehatan, has formed strategic partnerships with micro and small enterprises (MSEs) to support the national healthcare service ecosystem. However, the accumulation of unsettled receivables from BPJS to its MSE partners has created significant challenges to the financial stability of this sector. Based on 2023 data, over 449,000 micro and small businesses were recorded as having outstanding receivables, with a total value exceeding IDR 2 trillion. This study adopts a descriptive quantitative approach to examine the impact of these receivables on the liquidity, solvency, and productivity of MSEs. The findings reveal that although most receivables are classified as “current,” payment delays continue to disrupt cash flow, reduce production capacity, and increase the risk of default. The analysis is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of receivables management, cash flow theory, institutional economics, and the strategic contribution of MSEs to national GDP. The results highlight the urgent need for payment system reform within BPJS, the provision of short-term financial facilities, and the implementation of delay compensation policies to ensure the sustainability of Indonesia’s micro and small enterprise sector.

Non-formulary drug utilization in Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital presents a substantial challenge in healthcare cost management, especially for patients enrolled in the BPJS health insurance program. Given its status as a national referral hospital, Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital encounters a high prevalence of complex maternal and child health cases requiring the use of medications beyond the scope of the national formulary. This research endeavor seeks to examine the patterns and consequences of non-formulary drug use within this context. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods, to evaluate the impact of an sosialisation intervention and audit clinic on physician compliance with formulary drug use. A pre-test and post-test design was employed to measure changes in non-formulary drug utilization. Findings indicated a statistically significant decrease in non-formulary drug use from 18% to 13% post-intervention. The integration of a clinical pathway and tailored physician training was instrumental in achieving improved formulary adherence. Given these results, it is recommended to broaden training and surveillance programs, strengthen technological support through the implementation of formulary information systems, and undertake longitudinal research to assess the long-term sustainability of the intervention's effects..

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, administered by BPJS Kesehatan, has significantly expanded public access to healthcare services, particularly inpatient care. This study aims to analyze inpatient JKN reimbursement patterns at Surakarta General Government Hospital during the period of 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on five main variables: INA-CBGs grouping codes, class of care, severity level, INA-CBGs tariff, and actual hospital costs. A descriptive-analytic method with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the INA-CBGs system. The results indicate that inpatient reimbursements were predominantly concentrated in Class 3 services (64%–70%) and severity level 1 (45%–59%). From 2020 to 2022, respiratory-related cases dominated, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while in 2023–2024 a shift occurred toward non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. A consistent negative tariff gap was identified, particularly in Class 3 and severity level 1, where INA-CBGs reimbursements were insufficient to cover actual service costs. These findings underscore the importance of periodic review of INA-CBGs tariff structures, reinforcement of Quality and Cost Control (KMKB), and optimization of reimbursement management information systems to enhance service efficiency and ensure the financial sustainability of JKN, especially in Type C hospitals that serve as the primary level of healthcare delivery.

Pending claims in Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) system pose a significant challenge, affecting hospital cash flow and administrative efficiency. A high rate of pending claims is often caused by incomplete documentation, misfiled medical records, and delays in verification processes. Optimizing manual administrative procedures may provide a solution to this issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized manual administration model in reducing pending claims in a hospital setting. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design without a control group was employed. Data were collected from a referral hospital in Indonesia from July to September 2024. A total of 138 inpatient claims were selected using simple random sampling. The intervention involved implementing a standardized manual administration system in August and September. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fisher’s Exact Test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The implementation of the standardized manual administration model significantly reduced pending claims from 70.3% (97/138) in July (pre-intervention) to 36.2% (50/138) in August and further to 11.6% (16/138) in September (post-intervention) (p = 0.000 and p = 0.003, respectively). Additionally, improvements were observed in medical record completeness, supporting examination documentation, and administrative accuracy. A standardized manual administration system effectively decreases pending claims in JKN by improving documentation and claim verification processes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term sustainability of this model and the potential benefits of digitalization.  

The quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services is one of the important aspects of the health system in Indonesia. So that in an effort to improve the quality of health services, every health service facility is required to improve the quality of health services both internally and externally and continuously and sustainably. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of service to the satisfaction of national health insurance (NHI) users. The method in this article uses a literature study, namely a method of collecting data by understanding and studying theories from various literatures related to a study that is being conducted. There are four stages of making a literature study in research, namely preparing the necessary literature sources, managing literature, organizing time and reading or recording research materials and by compiling articles. The results of this study show that the quality of service to the satisfaction of National Health Insurance (NHI) users is very important because it has a direct impact on the quality of life of the community with the quality of service, service waiting time, ease of access, affordable costs, good communication, availability of facilities, ability to overcome problems and satisfaction with the service process. It can be concluded that the quality of health services is very important because it has a direct impact on the quality of life of the community and patient safety. Good service quality can increase the satisfaction of NHI users and improve the quality of life of the community. For the government, it is necessary to improve evaluation and monitoring. Improve evaluation and monitoring of the quality of NHI services. Improve accessibility of information on NHI evaluation and monitoring.

The National Health Insurance Program, the Healthy Indonesia Card, is increasingly being utilized by the community. Improving the quality of services is also the focus of the efforts made. However, these improvements are expected not to be fragmented in just one aspect of the service. The goal of service quality is to meet or even exceed community expectations. The purpose of this literature review is to review how to improve the quality of National Health Insurance services in public health facilities. The literature used in this study is by determining articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The database used is Google Scholar. The year of publication of the literature sources taken is the last 5 years between 2020 and 2025. The literature sources use English or Indonesian. The results of 5 articles obtained that to improve the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities, namely by providing access to services, completing infrastructure that is still lacking, implementing the Healthy Indonesia Card Health Insurance Program Policy, and increasing the professionalism of human resources. It can be concluded that improving the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities can also be done by building an ecosystem with integrity, utilizing technology to facilitate access to health services that can facilitate the community in utilizing health services. For the government, it is necessary to provide new policies to facilitate NHI participants in obtaining health services, strengthening cross-sector support, whether in the form of regulations, infrastructure, or funding. In addition, there is also a need for evaluation from various aspects in order to create good quality in the utilization of health services.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) organized by BPJS Health aims to improve access and quality of health services for all levels of Indonesian society. This research examines the effectiveness of the JKN program, with a focus on the use of the JKN mobile application, program implementation in health facilities, and factors that influence service quality. Based on case studies in several regions, the research results show that the JKN mobile application makes it easy for participants to access health-related services and information, although there are still obstacles such as a lack of public understanding of the application and technical problems. Apart from that, health services in hospitals and community health centers still face challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, delays in services, and timeliness in administrative processes. Although the JKN program has expanded access to services, challenges in equal distribution of service quality and health resources still need to be overcome. Overall, the JKN program plays an important role in improving people's health and welfare, but improvements are needed in terms of community understanding, infrastructure and service efficiency to achieve more optimal and equitable health goals throughout Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of National Health Insurance Rights (JKN) for workers who experience Termination of Employment (PHK) at PT. FI and evaluate the regulation of JKN rights after layoffs that provide justice for workers. The method used is normative legal research with a qualitative approach, which includes the selection and classification of legal materials as well as normative analysis of relevant regulations. Based on field findings, this study shows that there are administrative errors in reporting the status of layoffs that cause delays in fulfilling health insurance rights for laid-off workers. In addition, this study also found that even though the post-layoff JKN regulation has been regulated in the law, improper implementation can hinder the granting of rights fairly. This study recommends simplifying reporting procedures, increasing supervision by BPJS Kesehatan, and further education for companies to avoid administrative errors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of social justice in regulating health insurance for laid-off workers.

This study discusses the effectiveness of implementing administrative sanctions to overcome fraud practices by health facilities against National Health Insurance (JKN) participants in Indonesia. Fraud practices involving claim manipulation, bill inflation, and falsification of diagnoses result in losses for JKN participants and reduce the quality of health services. This study identifies challenges in supervision, regulatory weaknesses, and obstacles in law enforcement that affect the effectiveness of the administrative sanctions imposed. Based on the analysis, this study recommends regulatory reforms that include the implementation of stricter sanctions, strengthening supervision with information technology, and increasing outreach programs to raise awareness of the impacts of fraud. It is expected that with this reform, the JKN system can run more effectively and reduce fraud practices that are detrimental to all parties.

This study analyzes the differences between the neoliberal and social democratic paradigms in poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia, by adding an Islamic Economic perspective as an alternative. The neoliberal paradigm focuses on free market mechanisms, deregulation, and minimizing the role of the state, but often exacerbates social inequality. In contrast, the social democratic paradigm balances the role of the market and state intervention through resource redistribution and protection of vulnerable groups through sustainable social programs. Islamic economics offers a complementary approach oriented towards the principles of distributive justice, balance, and solidarity, by integrating spiritual values ​​into socio-economic policies. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with policy analysis of programs such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) and the National Health Insurance (JKN). The results show that the social democratic paradigm is more effective in reducing poverty systemically than neoliberalism, especially through increasing access to education, health, and social protection. However, budget constraints, corruption, and infrastructure gaps remain significant challenges. The Islamic Economic perspective emphasizes the importance of zakat, waqf, and infaq as instruments of wealth redistribution that have the potential to strengthen inclusive and sustainable poverty alleviation policies. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between the paradigm of social democracy and the values ​​of Islamic Economics to create policies that are more effective, equitable, and oriented towards the welfare of society holistically.  

In line with the concept of a welfare state, Indonesia, as a country, is obligated to implement and ensure the welfare of its citizens, including in the national healthcare sector. To ensure the inclusivity of national health coverage, the government, through the BPJS Kesehatan agency, has established the National Health Insurance (JKN) program, which is mandatory for all citizens, as stipulated in Indonesian legislation. However, the effort to achieve inclusivity may become biased if there is no clear regulation regarding the rights of participants and the obligations of healthcare providers, who play a crucial role in this process. Under Indonesian positive law, the rights of JKN participants are thoroughly regulated, as are the obligations of healthcare providers. However, based on observed phenomena, there are still violations of these obligations by healthcare providers, leading to the neglect of participants' rights. This research aims to raise awareness among stakeholders and provide a foundation for future research. The type of research used in this paper is normative legal research, which focuses on the analysis of legal norms.

Background: The National Health Insurance Program helps patients pay for medical expenses and provides financial protection against unexpected health risks. INA-CBG system is used for healthcare payments, where the payment is determined based on type of disease the patient has. However, the rates set by INA-CBG are lower than hospital rates, causing financial losses and affecting the quality of service. Purpose: This research aims to compare rates to maintain hospital financial balance and fair access to services. Method: This study uses comparative quantitative research method with cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Sukapura. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, with a sample of 374 claim data for type II diabetes mellitus patients from October to December 2023. Data were taken from Zi-Care system, which has been bridged with INA-CBG. The data collection tool used was a checklist. The analysis techniques included univariate and bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results: The research results show that the total hospital cost is Rp265,805,506, with the highest value being Rp2,746,407 and the lowest value being Rp161,000. The total INA-CBG cost is Rp73,341,400. P-value of 0.0001 indicates a significant difference between both variables. Conclusion: The difference in rates resulted in the hospital experiencing a loss of IDR 192,464,106. Hospitals need to refer drug collection to external pharmacies, and BPJS must evaluate INA-CBG rates to match hospital expenditure to prevent losses.

This study aims to determine the Effect of Economic Growth and Inflation and Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index and Poverty in East Kalimantan Province. Inferential data analysis techniques using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of the study indicate that the Human Development Index (HDI) has a significant effect on the unemployment rate in East Kalimantan Province, with a probability value smaller than the specified significance level. There are disparities that need to be considered in development in rural areas to ensure equal opportunities for all residents to achieve a better quality of life. Rural areas still face challenges in access to education and health services, as well as regional disparities in development, which need to be addressed through appropriate and sustainable policies. Assistance programs such as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), National Health Insurance (JKN), and the Family Hope Program (PKH) have helped reduce the burden on the poor by providing access to basic needs. Efforts to improve the quality of education, health, and infrastructure in rural areas are the main focus to create a more prosperous and independent society. Although there has been progress in poverty alleviation, there are still challenges such as regional inequality, quality of education and health, and economic diversification that need to be addressed. Collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society is needed to create sustainable and effective solutions to overcome poverty in East Kalimantan. Economic growth, inflation, and unemployment rates are interrelated and significantly affect the Human Development Index and poverty rates in East Kalimantan Province. Therefore, comprehensive and sustainable policies are needed to achieve inclusive and equitable development in this region.

Background; JKN Mobile  is a non-face-to-face application that has many features and facilities participants in maximizing the national health insurance program organized by BPJS Health. In 2013, the number of JKN Mobile users in Surakarta reached 373.212 users. Providing information and understanding through video media to the public is a first step in increasing the use of JKN Mobile application. Objective; As a media of information and education to improve the use JKN Mobile applications in the community. Method; The method of this activity is implemented in the form of socialization through video media related to JKN Mobile. Result; Before the education related to the use of JKN Mobile application only 45% of population knew and used the application. After the education, 90% of the people who followed the activity knew and will use the JKN Mobile application to get health services. Conclusion; after educating through the video “ Let’s Use JKN Mobile: Online Health Services Solutions”, the public becomes aware of the use of JKN Mobile applications and will use them to access online health services.

In accordance with Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System and Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Administering Body, the government provides basic guarantees for all Indonesian people, namely health insurance, work accident insurance, death and pension insurance. , and old age allowance. In the current development of information technology which leads to mobile application users, BPJS Health makes JKN-KIS (National Health Insurance-Healthy Indonesia Card) services easier. This application utilizes information technology which can be downloaded via the Mobile JKN application on Google Playstore or Apps Store. The aim of Mobile JKN is that people can enjoy services quickly. This research focuses on the person in charge and outpatient registration officers at the Dadirejo Health Center who provide outpatient registration services to BPJS Health participating patients as well as BPJS Health participating patients who have the Mobile JKN application who carry out outpatient registration at the Dadirejo Health Center. Respondents consisted of Dadirejo Community Health Center employees and outpatients. Data was collected through a direct interview process with respondents using an interview guide, direct observation of the activities of Dadirejo Health Center registration officers and patients as well as documentation studies of related documents. The results of the interviews show that the target has been achieved every month, but the level of effectiveness is still an average of 49% of the total number of visits. The obstacles faced by patients are due to the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure at community health centers which are still inadequate.    

The Indonesian government has made various efforts to overcome this health problem, such as through the National Health Insurance (JKN) program which aims to provide more equitable access to health services for the entire population. This study aims to identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. The research method uses the literature review method to analyze, identify and analyze key health policies in Indonesia, as well as evaluate the successes and challenges in their implementation. Literature review is an effective method for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from various sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the study show that the importance of health policies in Indonesia to improve public health. Through the identification of key health policies, evaluation of their successes, and challenges in their implementation, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies. In conclusion, by identifying key health policies, evaluating their success, and facing challenges in their implementation, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the political dynamics that influence health policies.