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This theological research explores Mary’s essential role in the narrative of salvation and her deep connection with the Church, as outlined in key Catholic documents like Lumen Gentium and Redemptoris Mater. Using a qualitative approach that combines descriptive and analytical methods, the study reviews Church teachings, Scripture, and theological literature. It highlights Mary’s pivotal status as Mother of God (Theotokos) a title affirmed by the Council of Ephesus in 431 CE, which underscores both Christ’s divinity and Mary’s unique participation in God’s redemptive plan. The study traces the theological roots of this title through biblical texts, portraying Mary as the chosen vessel through whom the Word became incarnate. It examines how Old Testament prophecies about Mary are fulfilled in New Testament events, especially in the Annunciation and Elizabeth’s greeting of Mary as “the mother of my Lord.” The research also delves into Mary’s bond with the Church, focusing on her recognition as Mother of the Church by Pope Paul VI during the Second Vatican Council. Mary is presented as the ideal disciple, embodying unwavering faith, obedience, and humility in her acceptance of God’s will. Her presence at key moments, from the Incarnation to Pentecost, positions her as both a member and a model of the Church. Ultimately, the study concludes that Mary’s unity with the Church is reflected in her dual role as Mother of Christ and spiritual mother to all believers, offering a profound example of Christian virtues and guiding the faithful in their collective journey toward salvation.

This study aims to analyze the persuasive communication carried out by Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor in educating waste management among the people of Kupang City and to identify the obstacles faced in the communication process.This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and is based on a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The informants consist of the managers of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor and community members who participate as waste bank customers. Data analysis is conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The theoretical framework applied in this study is Joseph A. DeVito’s persuasive communication theory.The results show that the persuasive communication of Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is implemented through several strategies, including direct socialization, waste management education, storytelling approaches, and hands-on practices in waste sorting and management. The communication process is carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation,and evaluation. This persuasive communication has been able to increase public awareness and understanding of the importance of proper waste management, although community participation has not yet been fully optimal. The obstacles encountered include cognitive or perceptual barriers, technical limitations, and a lack of public awareness and consistency in sorting waste.This study concludes that persuasive communication plays an important role in community-based waste management education. Therefore, Bank Sampah Mutiara Timor is encouraged to continuously develop innovative and sustainable communication strategies to further enhance community participation in waste management efforts in Kupang City.

This study aims to analyze the role of digital spaces in the transformation of political communication as well as the power relations between society and political elites. The development of social media has now opened new opportunities for society, which can now express criticism and also participate in a more open and transparent public discourse. This study focuses on the case of digital criticism delivered by Salsa Erwina regarding controversial statements made by a member of the Indonesian House of Representatives, Ahmad Sahroni, which generated various public opinions. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with library research. The analysis in this study employs Jan Van Dijk's concept of network society, Jürgen Habermas's concept of public space, and Raewyn Connell's theory of gender and power relations. The results of the study have shown that social media, Moreover, the TikTok platform allows individuals who do not have formal positions within the political structure to influence public opinion through the dissemination of information in digital networks. In addition, this case also demonstrates that digital spaces are capable of expanding women's participation in political communication and also challenging patriarchal power relations. Therefore, digital spaces now have an important role in strengthening public participation, shaping public opinion, and also promoting the accountability of political elites in digital public spaces.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Village Fund (Dana Desa/DD) Program in Tote Village, Bolangitang Barat Subdistrict, North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The study focuses on the implementation of the Village Fund policy as viewed from several aspects, namely (a) organizational capacity, (b) information dissemination, (c) community support, and (d) the distribution of village potential This study employed a qualitative, descriptive research approach Data sources were obtained through in-depth interviews with village officials and community members, supported by observation and documentation The results showed that the implementation of the Village Fund Program in Tote Village has not been fully optimal This is indicated by the lunited organizational capacity of village apparatus, uneven dissemination of information to the community, and relatively low community participation and support in several Village Fund programs. In addition, the distribution of village potential in program implementation has not been entirely well-targeted. Nevertheless, the Village Fund Program has contributed positively to infrastructure development and the economic empowerinent of the village community. It can be concluded that improving the implementation of the Village Fund Program requires strengthening village officials capacity, enhancing transparency and information dissemination, and actively involving the community in the planning, implementation, and supervision of the program.

Plastic waste management in rural areas, particularly in tourism villages, remains an environmental challenge that requires sustainable solutions. Negeri Tongging Village, as a tourism area around Lake Toba, has experienced an increase in household plastic waste that has not been managed optimally, potentially affecting environmental quality and community well-being. This community service activity aimed to enhance community awareness and capacity in plastic waste management through the implementation of a circular economy approach based on a waste exchange program and ecobrick production. A participatory approach was employed by actively involving the community in all stages of the activity, including socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The program was carried out during the 2025 Community Service Program of Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, consisting of circular economy socialization, collection of plastic waste through an exchange scheme with basic necessities, training on ecobrick production, and the provision of supporting facilities for environmental cleanliness. The results indicate an increase in community participation and environmental awareness, a reduction in improperly disposed plastic waste, and an improvement in community skills in processing plastic waste into useful products. In addition, the activity strengthened mutual cooperation and environmental responsibility among community members. In conclusion, the application of a circular economy approach through ecobrick-based activities can serve as an effective alternative solution for plastic waste management while simultaneously supporting sustainable community empowerment in rural tourism areas.

The community service program in Dusun Bendrong aimed to foster environmental awareness through the planting of timber and fruit seedlings as a response to declining forest quality and reduced water availability caused by vegetation loss. This program sought to enhance community participation in forest conservation while strengthening local wisdom related to environmental stewardship. The activity was conducted in three stages: pre-activity observation and coordination with the Village Head and community leaders, joint planting of 14 seedlings by Student Community Service (KKM) participants and local residents, and monitoring and evaluation to assess implementation and participant understanding. The results showed that all seedlings were successfully planted, with high levels of participation from both students and community members. The activity increased awareness of forest conservation and highlighted the importance of collective action in maintaining environmental sustainability. Timber trees contributed to forest restoration, improved water absorption, and reduced erosion risk, while fruit trees provided additional economic and social benefits for the community. Overall, this participatory approach proved effective as a sustainable model for community service programs that integrate environmental conservation and community empowerment.

Significant changes have occurred in the land administration sector with the introduction of digital land certificates as part of an ongoing digital transformation in public services. However, public understanding of the concept, procedures, and benefits of digital certificates is still relatively limited, leading to uncertainty and hesitation in their adoption. This community service program aims to increase public awareness and knowledge about digital land certificates through interactive education and structured socialization activities. The program includes seminars, guided discussions, and question-and-answer sessions designed to provide clear and practical explanations about how digital certificates function within the land registration system. As a result of these activities, community members become more informed about the advantages of digital certificates, such as greater efficiency, enhanced data security, improved transparency, and reduced risks of document damage or loss. This educational initiative is expected to strengthen public trust, encourage active participation, and support the more effective and sustainable implementation of digital land certificate services in the future.

Significant changes have occurred in the land administration sector with the introduction of digital land certificates as part of an ongoing digital transformation in public services. However, public understanding of the concept, procedures, and benefits of digital certificates is still relatively limited, leading to uncertainty and hesitation in their adoption. This community service program aims to increase public awareness and knowledge about digital land certificates through interactive education and structured socialization activities. The program includes seminars, guided discussions, and question-and-answer sessions designed to provide clear and practical explanations about how digital certificates function within the land registration system. As a result of these activities, community members become more informed about the advantages of digital certificates, such as greater efficiency, enhanced data security, improved transparency, and reduced risks of document damage or loss. This educational initiative is expected to strengthen public trust, encourage active participation, and support the more effective and sustainable implementation of digital land certificate services in the future.

Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) is a community engagement program organized by Universitas Negeri Padang as an implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This program was conducted in Nagari Sikucur, V Koto Kampung Dalam District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, from January 9 to February 9, 2026. The program aimed to empower the local community through a participatory approach based on the identification of local needs and potentials. The methods applied consisted of several stages, including observation, planning, implementation, evaluation, and reporting, while actively involving community members in every activity. The implemented programs covered several areas, such as education and religious development, social and psychosocial activities, as well as economic empowerment and strengthening of village physical facilities. The results of the activities indicated an increase in community participation, the strengthening of religious values and social solidarity, and support for the development of local economic potential. Despite several challenges, including limited implementation time and adjustments to program targets, the collaborative approach proved effective in encouraging community engagement. Therefore, the KKN program of Universitas Negeri Padang in Nagari Sikucur contributed positively to strengthening the social, religious, and economic capacities of the local community.

The problem addressed in this research is the suboptimal implementation of the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Koili Village. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of the PAMSIMAS Program based on Donald P. Warwick’s policy implementation theory, which includes organizational capacity, information, support, and the distribution of potential resources. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving informants from the local government, village officials, PAMSIMAS management, and community members, both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The findings indicate that the PAMSIMAS Program has been implemented; however, it has not yet been fully optimized. Organizational capacity and information dissemination have been implemented, but limitations remain in implementers’ capacity and in the equitable distribution of information. Support from the village government and the community is relatively good; nevertheless, coordination and the distribution of potential resources still need improvement. This research recommends that future researchers examine the implementation of PAMSIMAS on a broader regional scale and incorporate a more in-depth analysis of sustainability and community participation.

Cassava is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national production, particularly in several major producing provinces. In addition to the challenge of declining harvested areas, cassava processing activities also generate agricultural waste that poses environmental risks. In Purwasari Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, household-scale cassava processing industries produce solid waste in the form of cassava peels, which are not optimally managed and are commonly discarded in the surrounding environment. This cassava waste has the potential to cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odours, and negative impacts on public health. One sustainable alternative for managing this cassava waste is the use of cassava peels as a raw material for composting. This study aimed to identify problems associated with cassava peel waste and to assess members of the Taruna Tani Millennial Farmer Group's interest in compost production using cassava peels. The research was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 using a community-based assistance approach. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires involving 20 respondents. The results showed that the main problems associated with cassava peel waste include waste accumulation, limited processing facilities, and low community awareness. Farmers’ interest in cassava peel composting was generally categorized as high, with an average score of 77%, although several indicators remained at a moderate level. Extension activities and hands-on demonstrations were proven to enhance farmers’ understanding, interest, and participation. With sustained educational support and adequate facilities, the use of cassava peel compost has strong potential to promote environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural waste management.

The Community Forestry Program (HKm) aims to empower communities around forest areas through sustainable forest management while improving local welfare. However, in Londerang Village, Kumpeh District, the program faces challenges, particularly regarding the limited attention from village government in managing the Bumi Indah Sejahtera Farmer Group Association (KTH). This study examines the role of village government in HKm governance using qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with village officials, KTH members, community representatives, and UPTD KPHP XIII Muaro Jambi, complemented by observation and document analysis. The findings reveal that village government plays four key roles based on Ryaas Rasyid's theory: as regulator through policy formulation and supervision, as dynamizer by encouraging community participation and resolving conflicts, as facilitator by providing access to permits and infrastructure, and as catalyst by initiating program development and innovation. However, coordination between village government and KTH remains suboptimal, limiting program effectiveness. This research contributes to understanding local governance in natural resource management and provides practical recommendations for strengthening village government capacity in implementing community-based forestry programs.

The Indonesian Civil Servants Cooperative (KPRI) plays an important role in enhancing member welfare and supporting the national economy. Nevertheless, increases in business volume and own capital do not necessarily translate into higher profitability, while the number of members an essential characteristic of cooperatives is also assumed to influence financial performance. This study aims to examine the effect of business volume and own capital on cooperative profitability, with the number of members acting as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data derived from the financial statements of KPRI in Bogor City during the 2020–2024 period. Purposive sampling was applied, resulting in 12 cooperatives with a total of 60 observations. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using EViews software, and mediation effects were tested using the Sobel test. The results indicate that business volume has a positive and significant effect on cooperative profitability, whereas own capital does not show a significant influence. The number of members has a negative and significant effect on profitability. Furthermore, the Sobel test confirms that the number of members does not mediate the relationship between business volume or own capital and cooperative profitability. These findings suggest that enhancing business activities and improving the quality of member participation are more critical for increasing cooperative profitability than merely expanding capital or membership size.

Public legal awareness is an important element in realizing an orderly, just, and law-based social life, as it enables citizens to understand and properly carry out their rights and obligations. In Mekarjaya Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency, a low level of public understanding of the hierarchy of laws and regulations is still evident, which has the potential to cause errors in the application of law within families and communities. This condition indicates the need for systematic, contextual, and easily understood legal socialization. This Community Service Program aims to improve the understanding of members of the Paguyuban Istri Peduli regarding the hierarchy of laws and regulations, while strengthening their role as agents for disseminating legal information within the surrounding community. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a participatory approach through the delivery of materials, interactive discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and joint reflection. Data were collected through direct observation, oral question-and-answer sessions, and participant feedback forms. The results show an increase in participants’ understanding, high levels of participation in discussions, and the ability to relate legal concepts to real conditions. These findings confirm that participatory-based legal socialization is effective in enhancing public legal awareness and encouraging active community involvement at the local level.

This research is grounded in the growing use of social media as a digital communication tool for companies to strengthen engagement with their audiences, including user communities. The study aims to explain the content management practices of the Instagram account @daihatsuofficialclub, which is managed by the Marketing Support team of PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM). The research focuses on how content is planned, managed, and utilized as part of ADM’s digital communication strategy to build stronger connections with 21 official Daihatsu user communities. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through internship-based observation and interviews with the account management team. The findings show that the content management process applies the AIDA model through visually appealing posts, relevant information, community-centered storytelling, and interactive calls-to-action that encourage member participation. The implementation of the SOME model further supports a structured workflow across the stages of Share, Optimize, Manage, and Engage. Content marketing analysis indicates that the content fulfills key indicators of relevance, accuracy, value, readability, discoverability, and consistency. These results highlight that the management of @daihatsuofficialclub operates effectively, reflects a human-centered communication approach, and aligns with ADM’s digital communication strategy, contributing to stronger engagement, community closeness, and user loyalty.

This study aims to identify and describe the influence of Spiritual Camping on the faith militancy of Catholic Youth (OMK) at St. Martinus Bone-Bone Parish. The activity is designed to strengthen fellowship among OMK members and deepen their spiritual relationship with God. A quantitative descriptive design was employed, involving 120 respondents who participated in the Christmas Camping (December 28-31, 2023) and Luwu Youth Day Camping (July 25-29, 2024) at Bukit Tabor, East Luwu Regency. Data were collected via Google Form questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate that most participants experienced increased spiritual enthusiasm, closeness to Jesus, and active involvement in OMK activities after the camping. Specifically, 31.7% gained new insights, 28.3% were motivated for self-improvement, 12.5% became more prayerful, and 35% increased their engagement in ministry. Additionally, the camping strengthened social bonds and personal-group commitments to church participation. These findings demonstrate that Spiritual Camping effectively enhances OMK’s faith militancy while promoting community cohesion and sustained spiritual commitment.

Traditional markets are an important component of the people’s economy and play a strategic role in supporting trading activities and community social life. The Government of Muaro Jambi Regency implemented a policy to relocate the Sengeti People’s Market to reorganize and improve the quality of trading facilities so they become more orderly, feasible, and representative. However, after relocation, market utilization has not functioned optimally, and various management problems persist. This study aims to analyze traditional market governance after relocation in Muaro Jambi Regency, using the Sengeti People’s Market as a case study. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving informants from the Trade Division of the Office of Cooperatives, SMEs, Industry, and Trade, as well as market managers, traders, and community members. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that post-relocation governance has not been optimally implemented. Key issues include weak policy communication, mismatches between facilities and traders’ needs, limited trader participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. The study highlights that successful market relocation depends not only on physical development but also on participatory, transparent, and sustainable governance, supported by stronger institutional coordination, increased trader involvement, and continuous evaluation.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

This research aims to analyze the implementation of social rehabilitation programs for persons with physical disabilities at the Social Affairs Office of Pasuruan City, East Java. Persons with physical disabilities face various challenges in accessing public services and participating in social life, thus requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Using the implementation theory of George C. Edward III, this study examines four critical factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. Informants include officials from the Social Affairs Office, rehabilitation program staff, persons with physical disabilities as program beneficiaries, and community members. The results indicate that the implementation of social rehabilitation programs has been running according to established procedures, including physical rehabilitation services, vocational training, and social assistance provision. However, several obstacles were identified, including limited budget allocation, inadequate accessibility of rehabilitation facilities, shortage of trained social workers, and lack of public awareness regarding disability issues. The program has successfully provided assistive devices to 85 beneficiaries and vocational training to 60 persons with physical disabilities in 2023. This study recommends strengthening coordination between related agencies, increasing budget allocation, improving facility accessibility, and conducting socialization to enhance community participation in supporting persons with physical disabilities.  

This research aims to evaluate the SQUAD Dewan (Suara Kita Untuk Demokrasi/Our Voice for Democracy) program implemented by the Secretariat of East Java Provincial Legislative Council (DPRD). The SQUAD Dewan program is an innovative initiative designed to enhance public participation in the legislative process and strengthen democratic practices at the provincial level. Using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model developed by Stufflebeam, this study examines the program's effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. This qualitative research employs a descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and documentation at the Secretariat of the DPRD of East Java Province. Informants include program managers, legislative council members, public participants, and community representatives. The results indicate that the SQUAD Dewan program has successfully increased public engagement in legislative activities, with a 45% increase in public hearing participation and 60% growth in policy input submissions from 2022 to 2023. The program has effectively utilized digital platforms for broader outreach, reaching over 150,000 citizens through online forums and social media campaigns. However, challenges remain in terms of geographic coverage inequality, limited participation from rural communities, and the need for more sustainable funding mechanisms. This study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure in rural areas, developing capacity-building programs for community facilitators, establishing permanent funding allocations, and creating feedback mechanisms to enhance program responsiveness to public needs.