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Maritime safety is a crucial aspect of sea transportation regulated by Law No. 17 of 2008, which mandates the fulfillment of ship seaworthiness and crew requirements. To ensure these standards are met, the Directorate General of Sea Transportation carries out continuous supervision through the issuance of the Ship Safety Certificate. This certificate ensures that the ship meets the material, construction, machinery, stability, and equipment requirements in accordance with regulations, including the SOLAS International Convention. To enhance efficiency, the SIMKAPEL digital system was developed to accelerate the certification process online. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of issuing the Ship Safety Certificate for the TB. Cavalo Marinho 09, managed by PT. Surya Samudera Indah Batam at the Batam Special Port Authority (KSOP). The method used is a combination of field and library research, with direct observation and active participation for six months. The results indicate that the certification process at KSOP Batam is in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and supported by the SIMKAPEL system. The study concludes that compliance with regulations and the utilization of digital systems are essential for maritime safety and efficiency.

Maritime safety is one of the most crucial aspects of sea transportation, largely determined by the orderliness of vehicle loading on board. This study aims to evaluate vehicle loading practices on KMP Terubuk operating on the Semarang–Kumai route by examining vehicle spacing, the use of lashing equipment, transport productivity, and ship stability based on the metacentric height (GM) value. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method using primary data obtained from field observations and secondary data from PT Dharma Lautan Utama’s operational reports. The findings reveal that the average spacing between vehicles ranged from 15 to 20 cm, which is far below the minimum standard of 30–60 cm as regulated by the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation Regulation No. 115 of 2016. Moreover, none of the vehicles were secured with lashing equipment, despite its availability on board. The transport productivity over the past five years has shown a significant increase in both passengers and vehicles; however, this growth has not been followed by adequate implementation of safety standards. Stability analysis demonstrated variations in GM values across trips, with several trips recorded below the safety threshold of 0.15 m, indicating unstable conditions. The study concludes that vehicle loading practices on KMP Terubuk do not yet comply with maritime safety regulations, thus stricter enforcement and monitoring of loading standards are urgently required.

This research aims to analyze the vital role of the Crewing Department in the recruitment, placement, and management of ship crew members at PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama Jakarta. The availability of competent, loyal, and ethical crew members is a key factor for ensuring the safety and efficiency of shipping operations. This study focuses on the procedures and strategies implemented by the crewing department to guarantee that recruited personnel meet company standards, uphold core values, and demonstrate a strong work ethic. The research employs field research to directly observe recruitment and crew placement practices, complemented by a literature review to examine relevant regulations and theories on maritime human resource management. The findings reveal that the Crewing Department plays a critical role in preventing undesirable incidents onboard, such as desertion, cargo theft, and operational failures. Such issues often originate from recruitment processes that fail to meet standard requirements or misalignments between crew perspectives and the company's vision and mission. PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama addresses these challenges by emphasizing integrity, professionalism, and adherence to company SOPs at every stage of crew procurement. The study concludes that the Crewing Department functions not only as a liaison between shore management and the ship’s crew but also as the primary filter responsible for maintaining high-quality human resources at sea. Continuous dedication, professionalism, and transparent procedures are recommended to sustain and improve fleet operational quality.

This research aims to provide an in-depth explanation of the extension procedure for the Equipment Safety Certificate of the Tug Boat TB. Mitra Jaya XVI. This process is conducted at the Class I Port Authority and Harbormaster's Office (KSOP) Dumai and managed by PT. Berlian Ocean Shipping Dumai as the shipping agent. The equipment safety certificate is a vital document ensuring the seaworthiness of the vessel's equipment and compliance with maritime regulations. The research methodology utilized is a combination of Field Research—involving direct observation at the site—and Library Research—for gathering relevant regulatory and theoretical data. The findings indicate that the process for managing the certificate extension has generally complied with the established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Nevertheless, applicants still face significant obstacles during the application process. These constraints include delays in document inspection by related parties and technical issues within the online SIMKAPEL system (Information Management System for Harbormaster and Ship Services), which frequently experiences disruption. These system outages repeatedly lead to the postponement of certificate issuance. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that while formal procedures are followed, there is a necessity for optimizing the ship agency services and internal supervision. It is crucial to implement improvements to the technical system of SIMKAPEL and enhance internal coordination between surveyors and administrative staff at the KSOP to reduce waiting times, ensuring that certificates are issued promptly for the smooth operation of the vessel.

This research aims to comprehensively describe and understand the utilization of the SINKARKES system (Ship and Health Information System) in the issuance of the Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate (SSCEC) and the First Aid for Accidents (P3K) Certificate for vessels managed by PT. Surya Samudera Indah Batam. Compliance with ship sanitation and health standards is a mandatory prerequisite for preventing disease spread and ensuring occupational safety in accordance with prevailing regulations. The research methodology employed is field research (field research) to observe direct operational procedures in the field, supplemented by literature review (library research) to strengthen the theoretical and regulatory foundations of the Ministry of Health. The findings indicate that the process of issuing the certificates through SINKARKES begins with agent login access to the official application (sinakarkes.kemkes.go.id) using a registered company account. Subsequently, the agent submits an application for SSCEC and P3K issuance, followed by the completion of data and the uploading of mandatory supporting documents. These documents include the Maritime Health Declaration (MDH), previous SSCC/SSCEC certificates, the P3K certificate, crew list, voyage memo, and the list of last ports of call. Once the documents are verified, the Special Health Quarantine Officer (KarKessus) proceeds to conduct a physical survey onboard the vessel. The main obstacle encountered is poor internet network connectivity in the port area, which often leads to data input failures and double entry errors during certificate printing.

The need for environmentally friendly marine transportation continues to increase, especially in tourist areas such as Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. In the local context, the design of electric boats has not been widely developed for small islands in Indonesia, even though the potential and urgency for its application is very high. Geographical constraints, limited charging infrastructure, and a lack of technical data are the main obstacles. This research focuses on the design and construction of an electric-powered tourist boat prototype with an asymmetrical catamaran hull type as an effort to support a sustainable transportation system. The boat design applies an asymmetrical catamaran hull configuration to improve sailing stability and energy efficiency. The propulsion system is controlled via a wireless PS2 joystick integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller, supported by a 24V DC motor powered by lithium-ion batteries and solar panels as a supplement. Test results show that the boat can operate stably with remote control, good energy efficiency, and zero emissions during operation. Some technical challenges encountered include limited operational duration due to battery capacity and high sensitivity of electronic components to water exposure. Overall, this prototype has great potential for further development as an environmentally friendly alternative for maritime transportation system. The stable catamaran hull design provides advantages in terms of comfort and safety, especially in calm or shallow waters. The electric propulsion system used has proven to be efficient and responsive, supported by a remote control mechanism that is easy to operate via a wireless joystick

This qualitative research investigates the influence of work motivation and work environment on employee performance within PT Yusen Logistic Indonesia's warehouse division. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, educators, and industry experts, this study addresses critical gaps in understanding workforce dynamics in maritime logistics operations. The research employed thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 45 participants across three stakeholder groups: operational staff, maritime educators, and industry professionals. Findings reveal that intrinsic motivation factors, particularly career development opportunities and safety recognition, demonstrate stronger correlation with sustained performance than monetary incentives. Work environment quality, including infrastructure adequacy and shift management, serves as a significant moderator affecting motivation–performance relationships. In addition, this research highlights that supportive leadership and open communication further strengthen employee engagement and commitment in high-pressure warehouse operations. Respondents consistently emphasized the importance of aligning organizational goals with individual career aspirations, particularly in a sector where safety and efficiency are paramount. The study also identifies that investment in ergonomic facilities, digital monitoring systems, and structured training programs reduces fatigue and error rates, thus promoting both productivity and safety compliance. The implications extend beyond company-level management to broader maritime education and policy-making. The integration of motivational strategies into vocational curricula can better prepare graduates for the realities of port and logistics operations. Moreover, the findings contribute to developing sustainable logistics practices that balance efficiency, employee well-being, and long-term organizational competitiveness. Overall, the research provides evidence-based recommendations for maritime vocational training programs, human resource management, and port operations strategies in Indonesia’s rapidly growing logistics sector.

Port logistics efficiency is determined not only by the adequacy of infrastructure and the advancement of technology but also by the motivation of the workforce and the overall quality of the work environment. This study investigates how these two factors influence employee performance in the Warehouse Division of PT Yusen Logistics Indonesia. The research employed qualitative methods, gathering data through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis, with participation from warehouse workers, supervisors, and safety officers. Through thematic analysis, the study found that employee recognition and active supervisory engagement were key contributors to workforce motivation. The work environment, characterized by equipment reliability, safety culture, and yard capacity, directly impacted employee productivity. When both motivation and work environment were favorable, employees exhibited greater procedural compliance, increased throughput, and improved safety practices. In contrast, inadequate motivation and unfavorable work conditions resulted in inefficiencies, downtime, and higher risk-taking behaviors. This study’s findings provide insights into three key areas: maritime economics by highlighting labor’s critical role in port operations, social management by establishing the link between environmental quality and workforce productivity, and vocational education by shaping the training of cadets and practitioners. It underscores that sustainable port operations require human-centered strategies, in addition to infrastructure development. For better performance, companies should prioritize motivating their workforce and improving the work environment to foster a more efficient and safer operational setting.

This study investigates the relationship between brand image and service quality in maritime towage operations, using TB Maiden Central of PT. Multi Jaya Samudra as a case study. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach supported by qualitative thematic analysis. Data were collected from 100 respondents through questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders including ship agents, pilots, and company personnel. Results show that brand image significantly influences service quality, with a positive impact reaching 79.8%. Key determinants include safety reputation, operational timeliness, professionalism, and environmental stewardship. The qualitative analysis highlights how visible safety practices and punctual operations reinforce brand credibility. Beyond statistical findings, the study reveals that trust and reliability play a central role in shaping customer perceptions, with stakeholders emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and consistent service delivery. Moreover, environmental responsibility, such as reducing emissions and complying with green port initiatives, strengthens the company’s image in the eyes of global partners. The integration of quantitative and qualitative insights provides a more holistic understanding of how operational performance directly influences market competitiveness through brand positioning. Findings contribute to maritime management scholarship by extending service quality frameworks into towage contexts, while also offering practical implications for enhancing competitiveness and sustainability. Overall, the study underscores the urgency of aligning brand image with operational excellence to meet rising global standards in maritime services and ensure long-term business growth.

As shipping activities through various modes of transportation increase, the need for adequate understanding of dangerous goods is becoming increasingly important, especially among the younger generation. Unfortunately, many students still do not understand the classification and risks associated with transporting these goods. This community service activity aims to increase awareness and understanding of high school students in the Philippines regarding the classification of dangerous goods and the importance of safety in the shipping process. The activity was carried out through an interactive outreach method that included visual presentations, case studies, and simple simulations to make the material easier to understand and apply. The material provided refers to international standards, namely the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and ICAO Technical Instructions (ICAO-TI), which are important references in the classification and handling of dangerous goods globally. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure the level of student understanding before and after the activity. The results showed a significant increase in students' ability to recognize symbols, types of dangerous goods, and initial actions to be taken when faced with these goods. These findings confirm that the right educational approach can increase early awareness among students as potential actors in the logistics chain. It is hoped that similar programs can be implemented widely and sustainably in various educational institutions to minimize the risk of sending dangerous goods due to a lack of public knowledge.

Tarakan City as an archipelago with high maritime activity has a significant risk of water accidents, yet students' swimming skills are still low. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the context of swimming learning in the PJOK curriculum, (2) assess input readiness (teachers, facilities, costs), (3) analyze the learning implementation process, and (4) measure learning outcomes related to student skills and safety. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model. Data sources include principals (4 people), physical education teachers (4 people), and students (16 people) from four junior high schools in Tarakan City. The research instruments were semi-structured interview guidelines, observation sheets, and curriculum document analysis. Data collection techniques were conducted through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively using cost and benefit analysis techniques to identify the suitability of the program to the needs. The results show that the context of swimming learning is in accordance with the curriculum, but the swimming pool facilities depend on public facilities with limited access. The learning process is in accordance with the lesson plan, but the practice time (2 times/semester) is not sufficient to master the skills. Product evaluation results indicated a good understanding of water safety theory, but low practical swimming skills. Recommendations: (1) Increased frequency of swimming practice, (2) collaboration with local government for the provision of school swimming pools, and (3) teacher training in adaptive teaching methods for beginner students.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of container lashing techniques in reducing the risk of cargo damage on MV. Tanto Bersinar. Lashing is a method of securing containers using equipment such as twist locks, lashing bars, and turnbuckle s to ensure cargo stability and safety during sea transport. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach through direct observation, interviews with crew members, and documentation. The findings indicate that the lashing technique on board has not been fully effective due to several factors, including insufficient quantity and poor condition of lashing equipment, limited crew understanding of proper procedures, and lack of regular training and supervision. The ineffectiveness of the lashing process leads to safety risks, operational delays, financial losses, and reputational damage to the company. This study recommends providing adequate and well-maintained lashing equipment, conducting routine crew training, ensuring compliance with standard operating procedures, and improving oversight to meet maritime safety standards. Proper implementation of lashing techniques is essential to minimize cargo damage and enhance the overall safety of maritime operations.

Grounding incidents are among the most critical maritime accidents, posing significant threats to navigational safety, operational efficiency, and logistics continuity. This study aims to analyze the contributing factors behind the grounding of MV. Tanto Luas in the Mahakam River and to identify effective mitigation efforts. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with ship crew, and documentation during onboard sea practice (PRALA). The findings reveal that the grounding incident was primarily caused by poor communication between MV. Tanto Luas and a tugboat, improper navigational decisions, and shallow, wave-affected waters. The Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect Diagram) method was used to systematically identify the root causes of the problem. Mitigation efforts included tank sounding, tidal monitoring, optimal use of navigational equipment, and improved inter-vessel coordination. The study concludes that grounding incidents can be prevented through enhanced communication, strict adherence to navigational procedures, and regular crew training. This research offers both practical and theoretical contributions to the enhancement of maritime safety in narrow waterways such as the Mahakam River.

Cargo safety on container ships is a crucial aspect of maritime operations, especially during voyages across open waters such as the Indian Ocean, which is characterized by extreme weather conditions and high waves. A common problem encountered is cargo damage or shifting due to non-compliance with proper stowage and securing procedures. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing cargo safety during container ship voyages in the Indian Ocean. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through historical document analysis related to cargo damage incidents and direct observation of the loading, stowage, and securing processes on board. The findings indicate that severe weather conditions, suboptimal cargo stowage techniques, and low compliance with safety procedures are the main factors contributing to cargo instability. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhanced training for crew members, the use of real-time cargo monitoring technologies, and stricter enforcement of regulations concerning container securing and stowage. These measures are expected to minimize the risk of incidents and improve overall cargo safety during maritime transport.

Shipping safety is everything that can be developed related to accident prevention measures when carrying out work in the shipping sector. Shipping safety and security is a state of fulfillment of transportation safety and security requirements in waters, ports and maritime environments. Fire extinguishing equipment is vital in ensuring operational safety on board and meeting the requirements set by SOLAS. Regular and regular maintenance is required to ensure that fire extinguishing equipment is always in a ready-to-use condition in the event of an emergency. Conducting  periodic drills aims to find out the extent of the readiness of fire extinguishing equipment to be used and its completeness. This study has the purpose of finding out: 1) Factors causing fire extinguishing equipment in KM. Lambelu is less than optimal 2) The impact that will occur if routine maintenance is not carried out on the fire extinguisher. The method used by the researcher this time is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study are as follows, The main causes of damage to light fire extinguishers in KM. Lambelu is the lack of inspection and supervision that is carried out periodically on the equipment, while other supporting factors are the lack of understanding and skills of the crew in operating light fire extinguishers, the use of light fire extinguishers that are not in accordance with the SOPs, and exposure to the marine environment that causes light fire extinguishers to corrode or rust. The impact of not carrying out routine maintenance is a decrease in preparedness in times of emergency, in addition to that it will cause financial losses, operational disruptions, and reduce public trust in the company.

The dredging activity at Tanjung Pakis General Terminal is carried out to support the construction of the jetty and the deepening of turning basin to enhance the berthing capacity of ships. However, the actual dredger volume did not meet the meet the initial plan, potentially affecting maritime safety and security. This study aims to analyze dredging productivity and identity the factors causing discrepancies between the planned and actual dredging volumes. This study employs a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative analysis through descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis using a fishbone diagram. The research findings indicate a significant decline in dredged volume, with the total realized volume reaching only 221.619,47 m3 out of the planned 500.000 m3. The primary factors contributing to this discrepancy include administrative issues, environmental factors such as high waves, and fishing activities in the area.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a maritime identification and tracking system that must be implemented on certain vessels in accordance with the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). One of the ways to enhance maritime safety on ships is by utilizing AIS. This research aims to develop a low-cost AIS intended for use on small vessels such as fishing boats. This study utilizes hardware components such as the GPS M8N, Arduino Nano, and LoRa RA-02 module. The LoRa module is chosen for its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, making it ideal for maritime applications. The Arduino microcontroller is responsible for controlling the entire system, while the GPS M8N is highly effective in achieving accurate positioning within meter-level precision. The Arduino Nano serves as the main component for receiving and processing data from the GPS M8N and LoRa RA-02, then transmitting the data to the receiver. The methodology and system design in this research follow an experimental approach, where at least one variable is manipulated to study cause-and-effect relationships. The test results of the AIS transmitter device indicate that it can successfully transmit call sign, latitude, and longitude data, with a maximum transmission range of 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea.

The advent of autonomous shipping is poised to revolutionize global maritime transport by enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This study investigates the current state and future prospects of autonomous vessels in the shipping industry. The primary objective is to analyze the technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic implications associated with the integration of autonomous ships. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed, including a review of relevant literature and case studies of existing autonomous shipping projects. The findings reveal that while autonomous ships offer significant benefits such as reduced operational costs, lower emissions, and fewer human errors, there are challenges related to legal frameworks, cybersecurity, and public acceptance. The implications of this research highlight the need for international cooperation and the development of new regulations to support the widespread adoption of autonomous shipping technologies. This transformation could lead to a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective global maritime transport system.

This research investigates maritime health literacy among cadets, focusing on its alignment with international standards and implications for professional practice in the maritime industry. Using qualitative methods, the study explores cadets' perceptions and experiences regarding health management practices onboard ships. Findings reveal a strong alignment with safety and environmental protocols outlined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). However, gaps in practical training effectiveness and continual professional development highlight areas for improvement. Cadets express the need for enhanced practical simulations and lifelong learning initiatives to better prepare for health-related challenges at sea. The study also identifies positive perceptions of health promotion policies mandated by the maritime labour convention, underscoring industry commitment to promoting occupational health and safety standards. Recommendations include integrating comprehensive mental health support, fostering collaborative research efforts, and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the sustainability of health literacy interventions. By addressing these recommendations, stakeholders can enhance operational efficiency, promote crew welfare, and sustain a culture of safety within the maritime sector.