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Adolescents are considered a vulnerable group to nutritional problems because they experience rapid physical growth accompanied by lifestyle changes and unhealthy eating habits. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers has become a major public health concern that requires serious attention. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between peer influence, the frequency of eating out, and fast-food consumption habits with the incidence of overweight among students at SMAN 1 Surabaya. The research applied a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 81 students participated in the study and were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, SQ-FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings revealed significant associations between peer influence, eating out frequency, and fast-food consumption habits with the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Students who more frequently consumed meals outside the home and regularly ate fast food showed a greater tendency to experience overweight and obesity. These results indicate that social environments and modern dietary patterns contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, nutrition education and healthy lifestyle promotion should be strengthened through the involvement of schools, families, and peer groups.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern, particularly in primary care settings. Lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns and physical activity are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to respiratory health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health care facility in East Halmahera, Indonesia, from January to February 2026, involving 106 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ARI among respondents was 77.4%. Bivariate analysis showed that dietary patterns (p = 0.006) and physical activity (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with ARI. In contrast, age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with ARI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle-related factors in addressing respiratory infections at the primary care level.  

This study aims to analyze public concerns regarding fast food consumption from the perspective of risk society, particularly among university students. The increasing consumption of fast food reflects shifts in consumption patterns influenced by globalization, practicality, and time efficiency. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review supported by interview data to strengthen the analysis. The findings reveal that fast food consumption is not solely driven by biological needs but also by practical, emotional, and social factors. Although students demonstrate a relatively high awareness of health risks associated with fast food, their consumption behavior persists as an adaptive response to structural conditions such as time constraints, accessibility, and academic pressures. From the perspective of risk society, this phenomenon illustrates a contradiction between risk awareness and everyday consumption practices. Risks produced by modernity are not entirely avoided but are negotiated and normalized in daily life. Therefore, fast food consumption cannot be understood merely as an individual choice but as a result of the interaction between structural factors, consumer culture, and social construction within modern society.

The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped modern society, in particular influencing how young individuals express their identities through fashion. The choice of clothing goes beyond mere practical functions, becoming a symbol of social status and values as young people attempt to adapt to rapidly changing trends, driven largely by digital platforms such as social media. These phenomena have simultaneously led to alarming waste production and environmental degradation, reflecting the mismatch between modern lifestyles and theological mandates on the management of creation. The fast-paced fashion industry, characterized by rapid production cycles and high consumerism, exacerbates the ecological crisis by generating large amounts of textile waste and contributing to detrimental practices in global supply chains. The study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing literature research to analyze relevant literature and synthesize findings into meaningful discourse. Ultimately, it advocates a transformative catechesis that integrates ecological awareness into the formation of young people's faith, leveraging digital spaces to advocate for simplicity and community engagement in sustainable practices. The challenges faced in fostering this ecological awareness include the prevalence of a culture of instant gratification and the gap between knowledge and action, which hinders the alignment of belief with action. Theological reflection further emphasizes the spiritual implications of consumer behavior, placing ecological responsibility as a fundamental aspect of authentic expression of faith. Based on these insights, this paper underscores the importance for the Church to be proactively involved in the fight for ecological preservation, recognizing that true faith is manifested through tangible actions that honor the divine creation.

This study aims to examine how student lifestyles are represented on Instagram and how these representations can be understood through the concept of hyperreality. The research applies a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published within the last ten years. The findings indicate that Instagram is not only used as a communication medium but also as a space for self-representation. Students tend to upload curated content that highlights selected aspects of their lives, often emphasizing positive and visually appealing experiences. This practice reflects a process of constructing identity in the digital space. Through Jean Baudrillard’s perspective, these representations can be seen as forms of simulation that produce simulacra, where representations no longer directly refer to actual reality. As a result, a condition of hyperreality emerges, in which the boundary between reality and representation becomes increasingly blurred. This situation influences how students interpret social life and interact within digital environments. The study highlights the importance of understanding social media not only as a platform for interaction but also as a space where meanings and perceptions of reality are continuously shaped.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed the way students interact and present themselves in social life, especially through social media such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter. One of the emerging social phenomena is flexing, which refers to the behavior of showing off lifestyle, achievements, or ownership to gain attention and social recognition. This study aims to analyze how Sociology students of Sriwijaya University interpret flexing on social media and whether flexing is more dominant as a lifestyle or as a form of social pressure. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various scientific articles, journals, and previous studies related to flexing, self-presentation, symbolic consumption, social validation, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). The results show that flexing is not only a form of self-presentation and symbolic consumption, but also a response to social pressure in the digital environment.

Homemade food is increasingly dominating the choices of consumers who are oriented towards a healthy lifestyle. However, the belief that self-cooking is synonymous with food safety is not always supported by scientific evidence. This Narrative Review aims to build an in-depth thematic synthesis of the various dimensions of food safety risks that arise in the process of preparing healthy homemade food, ranging from biological and chemical contamination, to human behavioral factors as the main agents of contamination. The study was conducted against seven reputable sources of scientific literature published between 2010–2025, including observational, experimental, cross-sectional, and review studies. Four main themes were identified: (1) risky behaviors in the household kitchen as the dominant factor; (2) unexpected cross-contamination pathways including table salt as a vector; (3) chemical and biological contaminants hidden in "healthy" materials; and (4) evidence-based interventions that have been proven to be effective. This review confirms that homemade food safety is a behavioral issue, not just a technical one, so the intervention approach must be multidimensional and sustainable.

Clean and healthy living habits are an essential foundation in shaping a generation that is mindful of personal and environmental health. These habits need to be instilled from an early age, both at school and at home, so that they can become a sustainable part of students' lifestyles. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of students at SD Negeri 1 Mertoyudan in consistently applying Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS) in their daily lives. The implementation methods comprised three main approaches: interactive discussion-based education, a demonstration of proper handwashing techniques in accordance with WHO standards, and hands-on practice in maintaining personal hygiene. These approaches were chosen to ensure that students not only understand the concept of PHBS theoretically but are also able to apply it independently in real-life situations. The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of the importance of washing hands with soap at critical moments as a form of personal hygiene responsibility. Through a demonstrative approach that involved active student participation, participants were able to practice proper personal hygiene steps accurately and confidently. This activity is hoped to have a long-term impact in shaping students who are disciplined, responsible, and attentive to both personal and environmental health, while also serving as an effective preventive measure in reducing the risk of infectious diseases among school-age children.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the TikTok application on changes in the lifestyles of teenage girls in the digital age. TikTok, as one of the most popular social media platforms among the younger generation, plays an important role in shaping the way they think, behave, and interact socially. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the challenges faced in maintaining a positive lifestyle, as well as efforts to minimize its negative impacts. The results of the study show that TikTok has a dual impact: positively, this platform facilitates self-expression, creativity, and the development of interests; however, negatively, excessive use can trigger consumptive behavior, decreased self-confidence, and deviations from social and cultural values. Factors such as beauty trends, imitation of foreign cultures, and social pressure in the virtual world also influence the lifestyles of adolescent girls. To reduce these negative impacts, it is necessary to improve digital literacy, parental supervision, and education on social media ethics in schools. With a wise approach, TikTok can be used as a positive tool in building the character, creativity, and self-confidence of adolescent girls in the digital age.

Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels lower than normal, which is 12 grams/dl for adolescents. Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls is at higher risk because it causes a decrease in immunity, making them susceptible to health problems. One of the causes is the lack of knowledge of adolescent girls about healthy lifestyles and self-motivation regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia. The type of research used was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test research design. The sample consisted of 90 adolescent girls. The results showed that before being given education, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient category (45.6%), while after being given education, the majority were in the good category (84.4%). The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia before and after being given education with a significance value of 0.000, which means there was a significant effect of education on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia.

Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels lower than normal, which is 12 grams/dl for adolescents. Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls is at higher risk because it causes a decrease in immunity, making them susceptible to health problems. One of the causes is the lack of knowledge of adolescent girls about healthy lifestyles and self-motivation regarding the importance of balanced nutrition in preventing anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia. The type of research used was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test research design. The sample consisted of 90 adolescent girls. The results showed that before being given education, the majority of respondents were in the sufficient category (45.6%), while after being given education, the majority were in the good category (84.4%). The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia before and after being given education with a significance value of 0.000, which means there was a significant effect of education on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration on VO₂Max levels among soccer school (SSB) students in Surabaya. VO₂Max is a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance. This research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with an analytical observational approach. A total of 162 SSB students were included as research participants from several soccer schools in Surabaya. Data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess caffeine intake and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep duration, and were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results revealed a significant relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration with VO₂Max (p<0.001). Students with higher caffeine consumption (≥3.5) and adequate sleep duration (≥7 hours) tended to have better VO₂Max values compared to those with lower caffeine intake and insufficient sleep. These findings indicate that appropriate caffeine consumption and adequate sleep duration play an important role in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, proper education on healthy lifestyle habits is essential to optimize the performance of young athletes.

Hypertension is a condition characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend in 2018, reaching 34.1% based on national survey data. Effective control of hypertension is essential to prevent long-term complications and acute cardiovascular events. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication can increase cardiac workload. In addition to adherence to pharmacological therapy, unhealthy dietary patterns also contribute to the rising prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, adequate health literacy is required to support patients with hypertension in maintaining regular medication use and adopting healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in dietary management. To determine the relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence among patients with hypertension. This study employed a non-experimental descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 113 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires with ordinal scales and analyzed using the Gamma test. The results showed a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) with correlation coefficients of R = 0.982 and R = 1.000, indicating a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence. There is a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns and medication adherence among patients with hypertension.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires ongoing management and various strategies to control blood sugar levels and reduce associated risks. Patient Mrs. J, a 52-year-old woman and farmer, presented with complaints of numbness and tingling in both legs that began approximately 2 months prior to her current visit and had worsened over the past week. The symptoms felt like being pricked and sometimes felt hot, especially at night, thereby interfering with daily activities. The symptoms were accompanied by frequent urination, especially at night, frequent thirst, frequent hunger, a feeling of weakness, and intermittent blurred vision. The patient had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus approximately 5 years ago but did not consistently take medication (glimepiride). The patient still frequently consumes sweet, coconut-based, and fried foods. Physical examination revealed reduced sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed elevated blood sugar levels. Based on the medical history, physical examination, and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient was advised to record test results and changes in his health status in a health record book, and to involve family members in supporting treatment adherence and a healthy lifestyle. The patient works as a farmer with an irregular income, depending on the harvest. Daily expenses are shared with his son, so his economic condition

This research explores hedonistic lifestyle patterns as a social reality that grows within peer interactions, both in adolescence and adulthood. The investigation applies a qualitative descriptive literature review by examining national scholarly publications issued from 2016 to 2026. The findings indicate that hedonistic tendencies should not be interpreted merely as individual choices to seek enjoyment. Instead, they emerge from social processes shaped by interaction, peer influence, and shared norms that develop within a group. In this context, peer circles function as influential socialization agents, encouraging conformity so individuals can be accepted and avoid social exclusion. The study also identifies differences in underlying motivations across life stages. Among adolescents, hedonistic behavior is closely linked to identity exploration and self-definition. For adults, however, it is more associated with maintaining self-image, signaling social standing, and displaying markers of achievement. Overall, environmental dynamics, the expansion of consumer-oriented culture, and intensive exposure to social media play significant roles in strengthening this phenomenon in Indonesia.

The need for housing is increasingly pressing with population growth and urbanization, while affordability remains a challenge for single-income households. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the impact of price also location on home purchase decisions using a literature review. This approach involves reviewing, analyzing, and synthesizing various relevant literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, undergraduate theses, also previous investigation reports that discuss factors influencing home purchase decisions. The study concludes that price plays a positive also significant role in home purchase decisions, as consumers prefer homes with prices commensurate with their purchasing power and the quality offered. Location has also been shown to influence decisions, particularly when housing is conveniently situated at a key location  and the availability of public facilities. However, certain studies indicate that price and location are not always the primary determinants of decision-making, as other variables such as promotion, brand image, product quality, and lifestyle also play a role.

Background: Pregnancy is a crucial period that requires special attention to the mother's physiological and psychological aspects. Many pregnant women experience poorly understood physical and emotional changes, lack of early detection of high-risk pregnancies, and lack of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, including physical activity and balanced nutrition. The main problems faced are pregnant women's lack of understanding of normal physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy, lack of knowledge about danger signs and how to detect high-risk pregnancies, low participation of pregnant women in physical activities such as prenatal exercise, lack of knowledge regarding balanced nutrition for pregnant women, and limited comprehensive health education facilities in the community. Objective: This community service activity aims to improve the health of pregnant women by strengthening promotive and preventive pregnancy classes. Methods: This community service activity included screening for high-risk pregnancies, providing materials on physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy, maternal nutrition, and early detection of complications in high-risk pregnancies. A demonstration of prenatal exercise practices was also conducted at the Pondokgebangsari Village Hall, Kuwarasan District, Kebumen Regency. The training, conducted in February 2026, involved 15 pregnant women in their first, second, and third trimesters. Results: This activity demonstrated an increase in mothers' knowledge about physiological, psychological changes, and pregnancy nutrition after education, with 8 receiving good and 7 receiving adequate education. Education on Early Detection and Danger Signs of High-Risk Pregnancy also increased, with 9 receiving good and 6 receiving adequate education. Thus, families are aware of the importance of attending pregnancy classes and see them as essential for a healthy pregnancy. Conclusion: Community service programs to strengthen pregnancy classes through education, high-risk screening, and nutrition counseling support efforts to improve maternal and infant health, and are an investment in the future.

Vertigo is a clinical symptom that is often found and can be related to vestibular disorders or systemic conditions such as hypertension. The case report described a 58-year-old female patient who came in with complaints of dizziness that disappeared from 12 hours before admission to the hospital, accompanied by double vision, nausea, severe headache, flatulence, and stiffness of the left shoulder. Physical examination showed increased blood pressure and bidirectional nystagmus on neurological examination. Laboratory tests show mild electrolyte abnormalities and increased cholesterol. The patient was diagnosed with uncontrolled vestibular vertigo et causa hypertension and received intravenous fluid therapy, symptomatic therapy, antihypertensive therapy, and vestibular suppressants. Clinical improvements were obtained during follow-up. Education related to blood pressure control, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes such as low-salt diet settings and stress management is also provided to patients. In addition, periodic monitoring is required to prevent recurrence and further complications. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying hypertension as a contributing factor to vertigo as well as comprehensive management to improve patient outcomes and improve the quality of life of patients.

The diversity of Indonesian society, spread across various regions of the archipelago, reflects immense natural and cultural wealth. However, this cultural diversity also has the potential to trigger national disintegration or division due to differences in perspectives, values, and ways of life. This situation indicates that Indonesian society needs to develop an educational system capable of fostering an appreciative attitude toward cultural, religious, and customary differences among ethnic groups. This reality compels Christian Education to assume a strategic role in strengthening existing diversity. This study aims to examine transformative approaches within Christian Education for fostering harmony amidst Indonesia’s diversity. The research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, particularly focusing on the approaches and implementation of Christian Education within pluralistic societies. The results of the study indicate that the presence of Christian education can make a significant contribution to building a harmonious, diverse society by instilling Christian values such as respect for different lifestyles, rejection of violence and discrimination, and the strengthening of a spirit of unity. Thus, Christian education is expected to serve as an effective means of fostering harmony amidst the diversity of Indonesian society.

Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) is a contemporary term that replaces stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and describes a spectrum of clinical conditions resulting from chronic abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This condition is characterized by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand that is transient and reversible, commonly presenting as stable angina pectoris. CCS contributes significantly to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia. The underlying pathophysiology primarily involves atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction leading to myocardial ischemia. Diagnosis is established through comprehensive history taking, physical examination, and both invasive and non-invasive investigations such as electrocardiography, stress testing, and cardiac imaging. Risk stratification using pre-test probability plays a crucial role in guiding further diagnostic evaluation. The management of CCS aims to relieve symptoms and prevent adverse cardiovascular events through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, as well as revascularization when indicated. Pharmacological therapy includes antianginal agents, antiplatelet drugs, and lipid-lowering agents, while lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, healthy diet, and regular physical activity are essential in preventing disease progression. With accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management, the morbidity and mortality associated with CCS can be reduced.