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The phenomenon of increasing sexual violence crimes committed by children in Indonesia poses a dilemma for law enforcement. Children as perpetrators are legally responsible subjects, but they still require special protection. This study analyzes the dualism in the regulations of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice Sistem (UU SPPA) and Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. A normative and empirical legal approach is used to assess the substance, philosophy, and implementation of both laws. The results indicate inconsistencies in the application of restorative justice principles (diversion) and repressive sanctions. It is recommended that regulations be harmonized and the capacity of law enforcement officials be strengthened to achieve a fair and recovery-oriented sistem.

Dating violence among adolescents is a phenomenon that is often unnoticed and hidden behind relationships considered to be normal. Many adolescents get caught in unhealthy relationships due to a lack of understanding about boundaries and the types of violence that can occur in dating relationships, such as physical, verbal, emotional, and sexual abuse. Dating violence is often seen as part of the normal dynamics of a relationship, but it can have significant negative impacts on the mental and physical health of adolescents involved. This study aims to provide education on the importance of recognizing signs of dating violence and to encourage adolescents to build healthy, equitable relationships. Through educational activities, it is hoped that adolescents can increase their awareness of dating violence, understand the importance of boundaries, and gain the courage to take action if they or their partners experience violence. This education also aims to foster empathy, respect, and healthy communication skills between adolescent couples. The education provided includes information that helps adolescents recognize the different forms of violence and how to avoid them. It also emphasizes the importance of open communication and mutual support in relationships. With good communication skills, adolescents are expected to resolve conflicts constructively and keep their relationships positive. Values of equality and mutual respect in relationships are also introduced to ensure that both partners feel valued and respected. With a better understanding of healthy relationships, it is hoped that adolescents will be able to make better decisions in their relationships. Through ongoing education, dating violence can be prevented from an early age. This will allow adolescents to engage in safer, more respectful, and positive relationships, while reducing the negative effects of dating violence.

A child who becomes a victim of a criminal act, often referred to as a child victim, is one who experiences physical, psychological suffering, and/or loss of property due to a criminal act. In the case of children who are victims of sexual violence, it is not limited to physically healthy children, but also includes children with disabilities, whether physical, mental, or intellectual. These child victims have the right to restitution, which is a form of compensation for the harm and losses they have suffered. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by child victims of sexual violence and explain how the restitution process can be implemented within the context of Indonesian law. The author applies a normative research method and gathers data through literature review. The data obtained comes from legal regulations, court rulings, books, and relevant internet sources. The findings of this study indicate that restitution is a right granted to victims as a form of accountability from the perpetrator for their actions. Restitution aims to provide compensation for the victim’s suffering and loss, both materially and psychologically. However, several obstacles to fulfilling the right to restitution for child victims were identified. One of the main obstacles is the lack of understanding from the victim's family regarding the importance of restitution. Often, the victim’s family is unaware that they have the right to request restitution as part of the legal process. Additionally, inadequate cooperation between law enforcement and related institutions is another barrier to fulfilling the right to restitution. The lack of coordination between agencies in handling child sexual violence cases leads to delays in the restitution process. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness among the families of victims and improve cooperation between law enforcement, child protection agencies, and other related parties to ensure that the right to restitution is properly fulfilled.

Community service is one of the main pillars of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, which plays a strategic role in connecting theoretical knowledge with its real-life application in society. Through these activities, universities not only act as centers for scientific development but also as agents of social change that encourage improvements in the quality of life of the community. This community service article discusses legal counseling activities focused on preventing domestic violence (KDRT), which were carried out in Sidokumpul Village, Guntur District, Demak Regency. This activity aims to increase residents' understanding and legal awareness regarding rights and obligations within the family, as well as providing knowledge about legal procedures that can be taken in the event of domestic violence. The implementation method of the activity included interactive presentations that combined theory with case examples, group discussions to explore problems faced by residents, and the collection and analysis of supporting data regarding the level of legal understanding before and after the activity. This approach allows participants to be actively involved and gain insights relevant to their conditions. The results of the activity show a significant increase in community understanding regarding domestic violence. In addition, an initiative emerged from residents to form a "Legally Aware Family" group as a forum for education and advocacy at the village level. This demonstrates that legal counseling can foster critical awareness and encourage active community participation in preventing domestic violence. This article recommends the need for ongoing, regular legal counseling programs to foster a more legally aware community capable of protecting its rights and creating a harmonious family environment free from violence.

This study aims to examine the perspectives of students from the Islamic Family Law (HKI) Study Program regarding Ministerial Regulation of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Permendikbudristek) No. 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Institutions. Particular focus is given to Article 5 paragraph 2, which contains the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” a clause that has sparked considerable public debate. This qualitative field research was conducted at the Faculty of Sharia, UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi, involving 17 final-semester students selected using a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that most students had limited understanding of the regulation due to the lack of socialization and outreach within the university. Moreover, the majority expressed concern over the phrase “without the victim’s consent,” which they viewed as ambiguous and potentially legitimizing consensual sexual relations outside of marriage—a practice prohibited in Islamic law. While the students supported the need for legal protection against sexual violence, they called for the revision of the regulation to align more closely with the principles of fiqh and Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, the effective implementation of this policy within Islamic higher education institutions requires the harmonization of state law and Islamic values.

In the modern era, law enforcement faces increasingly complex challenges driven by socio-economic inequality, rapid urbanization, advancements in information technology, and shifting societal values. One significant consequence is the rise in violent crimes committed collectively (mobbing), which remains concerning issue in Indonesia, including Bantul, DIY. This research adopts a legal and empirical approach, examining causal factors and challenges faced by the Bantul Police’s Criminal Investigation Unit in handling mob violence cases. These acts are regulated under Article 170 of the KUHP, characterized by their open (openlijk) and collective (met vereenigde krachten) nature. Factors influencing mob violence include environmental conditions, personal revenge, the influence of social media, and educational background. Obstacles in the investigation include difficulties in identifying perpetrators, collecting sufficient evidence, and addressing the psychological state of both victims and witnesses. Statistical data highlights this ongoing issue: in 2022, there were 84 reported cases with 64 resolved; in 2023, 58 cases were reported with 42 resolved; in 2024, 53 cases were recorded with 41 resolved. From January to May 2025 alone, 21 reports were filed, with only 15 resolved. Although the number of reports has declined, the persistence of these cases demands more serious and coordinated responses from all stakeholders.

Sexual violence among adolescents is an increasingly serious issue, exacerbated by limited knowledge and lack of education, which heightens their vulnerability. One innovative approach to addressing this problem is the use of educational applications such as BEYDI (Self-Empowerment), designed to enhance adolescents’ awareness and knowledge of sexual violence prevention. This study aimed to determine the effect of BEYDI application-based education on students’ knowledge regarding sexual violence prevention at SMPN 3 Lamongan. The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 63 eighth-grade students from classes 8A and 8B, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicated a significant increase in students’ knowledge after receiving the educational intervention via the BEYDI application (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the BEYDI app-based education was effective in enhancing students’ knowledge of sexual violence prevention and can be considered an interactive and efficient alternative educational tool in the school setting.

This community service article aims to escalate Gen Z's understanding of sexual violence, which continues to show a concerning trend in case numbers, thereby hindering the nation's aspirations towards a civil society. The cause of the high trend in sexual violence is that victims do not yet understand the content of the TPKS Law; the reporting mechanism and the legal process in court. Considering that the effectiveness of the law cannot be sufficiently realized through adequate content and means (legal substance-legal structure), efforts are needed through the work of other variables, such as community involvement (legal culture), which in this service activity is carried out and participated in by students from SMA Negeri 1 Wangon. The method used in this program is lectures and interactive discussions. The result of this program is a comprehensive understanding of the TPKS Law, which is then followed by building a commitment to combat sexual violence through daily campaigns, both in the form of preventive and repressive actions carried out in social-community environments and on social media. So that the aspiration for the formation of a civil society can be realized.

Sexual violence  against women  is a serious issue the  leaves deep traumatic impacts and significantly affects the mental health of the victims. This research aims to investigate the psychological impact experienced by women who are victims of sexual violence. The main focus of research includes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, sense of  meaning,  and decreased self-esteem. The methodology of this research applies a qualitative approach by conducting a literature review of various journals, reports, and related articles. The research results show that sexual violence not only causes physical suffering but also significantly impacts the emotional and mental stability of the victims over a long period. Therefore, social  support, counselling service, and psychological assistance are essential elements in the healing process. This study is expected to enhance public understanding of the impact of sexual violence and encourage the formulation of more effective policies in handling and preventing similar cases.

Domestic violence (KDRT) is a form of human rights violation that occurs in the domestic space and has a wide impact on the integrity of the family. The reform of the criminal law through Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code marks a more serious recognition of domestic violence as a criminal act. This article aims to examine the update of the criminal rules against domestic violence perpetrators in the new Criminal Code and examine it from the perspective of Islamic law. Using a normative juridical approach and comparative analysis, this study found that the new Criminal Code has adopted a more progressive approach to victim protection, including in criminal arrangements against perpetrators. On the other hand, Islamic law views domestic violence as a violation of the principles of justice, compassion, and moral responsibility in the family. Criminalization in Islam is preventive and corrective, and emphasizes a just solution, not merely repressive. Therefore, the reform of the national criminal law needs to be harmonized with Islamic values, in order to establish a penal system that is not only legally just, but also ethically and socially.

This study examines the various forms of trauma experienced by patients with mental disorders, particularly those caused by violence and loss, and explores the psychosocial approaches used in the recovery process at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding traumatic factors as one of the root causes of mental disorders, which are often overlooked in medical treatment. The research aims to describe the types of trauma experienced by patients and to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychosocial interventions provided by the hospital. A qualitative approach was employed, using field observation and in-depth interviews with rehabilitation staff, including psychologists, counselors, and therapists. The findings indicate that the majority of patients have a history of severe trauma, such as sexual violence, the loss of loved ones, and extreme life stress that was not properly addressed. The recovery process at the hospital is carried out holistically through occupational therapy, skills training, spiritual guidance, and psychological support from both professionals and peer counselors. The study concludes that an approach combining scientific methods with patients' real-life experiences can positively impact the recovery process. Therefore, strengthening professional capacity and providing counselor training are essential to enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation system.

The ratification of the new Criminal Code (KUHP) through Law Number 1 of 2023 marks an important milestone in the history of Indonesian criminal law. The new Criminal Code replaces the colonial product that has been in place for more than a century and brings significant updates, especially in the regulation of gender-based crimes such as sexual and psychological violence. The recognition of these forms of violence is a response to the demands of civil society and is part of Indonesia's commitment to international human rights instruments. However, the effectiveness of such arrangements still faces serious challenges, such as the narrowness of the criminal formulation, the high burden of proof, and the potential for gender bias in the criminal justice system. In this context, criminal law should not only be a means of repression, but also carry out preventive and protective functions through holistic criminal policies. An integrative approach that combines penal and non-penal strategies is important to address the complexity of gender-based violence that is structural and multidimensional. This article aims to critically evaluate the provisions of the new Criminal Code related to sexual and psychological violence in the perspective of gender-responsive criminal policy. The evaluation was carried out taking into account the principles of restorative justice, the protection of victims' rights, and the need for social transformation that supports equality and non-discrimination. The results of this study are expected to be an input for the improvement of a criminal law system that is fairer and on the side of victims, especially women and other vulnerable groups.

Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, UUD 1945, menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia tanpa diskriminasi, termasuk hak asasi perempuan. Namun, dalam praktiknya, masih terdapat kesenjangan antara norma konstitusional dan realitas sosial yang dihadapi perempuan Indonesia. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana UUD 1945 mengatur hak asasi perempuan serta sejauh mana implementasi norma-norma tersebut dalam kebijakan, hukum positif, dan kehidupan sehari-hari. Melalui pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan analisis terhadap berbagai kasus serta kebijakan nasional, ditemukan bahwa kendala budaya patriarki, minimnya penegakan hukum, serta ketimpangan akses terhadap keadilan menjadi faktor utama yang menghambat terwujudnya kesetaraan gender. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya harmonisasi regulasi dan penguatan institusi penegak hukum untuk menjamin perlindungan hak-hak perempuan secara efektif.

Kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi merupakan masalah serius yang memerlukan perhatian khusus. Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo melalui program Satuan Tugas Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual (Satgas PPKS) berupaya untuk menciptakan lingkungan kampus yang aman dan bebas dari kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang kampanye komunikasi visual yang efektif untuk mendukung program Satgas PPKS. Kampanye dirancang dengan menggunakan pendekatan Design Thinking yang berfokus pada pemahaman kebutuhan target audiens dan menghasilkan solusi visual yang inovatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, diskusi kelompok terfokus (FGD), observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Media yang dirancang meliputi konten media sosial, poster, dan infografis. Proses penelitian meliputi lima tahap utama, yaitu empati, definisi masalah, ide, prototipe, dan pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa poster dan infografis efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran civitas akademika terhadap isu kekerasan seksual.

The phenomenon of catcalling is a form of verbal sexual harassment that is often trivialized by society, even though this practice reflects the existence of symbolic power that places women in a subordinate position in public spaces. Catcalling demonstrates the enduring dominance of patriarchal culture, which is embedded through language and actions that appear ordinary yet subtly demean women's dignity. This study aims to describe the forms and characteristics of catcalling, examine catcalling as a manifestation of symbolic violence, and identify the social and psychological impacts experienced by victims. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with young women at Taman Literasi Blok M. Based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence, this study concludes that catcalling not only has an emotional impact but also reinforces gender inequality that is internalized in social norms. This practice occurs through a symbolic process that is inherited and normalized in everyday interactions.

Violence against children and women at home and in the workplace is a serious social problem, but there has been little response from society and law enforcement. The National Child Protection Commission (KPAI, 2018) received complaints related to cases of physical violence and victimization of children as much as 72%, followed by psychological violence at 9%, economic violence or bullying/intimidation at 4%, and sexual violence at 2%. The National Children's Commission also reported that the majority of perpetrators of violence against children were parents, 44% of whom were biological mothers, 22% mothers and stepfathers, 18% biological fathers, and 8% caregivers. The aim of this activity is to increase respondents' knowledge regarding the impact of violence on mothers and children. Socialization methods in the form of lectures and questions and answers are used in this activity. It was found that respondents were very enthusiastic about listening to the material presented by the presenters. The conclusion from this activity is that violence against mothers and children must be opposed to prevent the impact that will occur on children.

a case of violence in 2023 involving second grade students with third grade students at SMKN 1 Bolo. The incident involved the police because the teacher was unable to break up the fight because of the many people involved. This study aims to determine the role of interpersonal communication and students in preventing cases of physical violence and bullying. How effective is interpersonal communication. The method used in this study is qualitative, using data collection techniques, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the study show that bullying is a case of violence that often occurs at SMKN 1 Bolo and is the cause of cases of violence such as fights and brawls between schools. interpersonal communication carried out by BK teachers and students has not been effective in preventing cases of violence. This is evidenced by cases of violence that occur every year.

This community engagement article aims to enhance the legal awareness and digital literacy of students at SMA Negeri 1 Wangon in addressing the growing phenomenon of sexual violence in digital spaces, particularly in the era of artificial intelligence. The primary issue faced by Generation Z today is a lack of legal understanding and weak digital ethics, which makes them vulnerable to becoming both victims and perpetrators of online sexual violence. The program employed a participatory approach using methods such as observation, group discussions, case simulations, and evaluation through pre- and post-tests. The results indicate that the legal and digital literacy education program significantly improved participants’ understanding of legal frameworks, including the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). The program also fostered awareness of digital ethics and the importance of personal data security. The implementation process revealed high levels of enthusiasm among students, particularly during the creation of anti-sexual violence digital campaigns, which were later published on the school's social media platforms. This program had a positive impact on students’ ability to recognize, prevent, and respond to digital sexual violence, while also encouraging the formation of a legally conscious student community that can serve as a driving force for digital cultural transformation within the school environment.

Sexual violence against children and women in Indonesia remains a critical issue with lasting physical, psychological, and social consequences for victims. This study aims to analyze existing legal protection efforts for child and female victims of sexual violence, identify regulatory and implementation weaknesses, and formulate policy recommendations. Employing a normative legal research design with a doctrinal‑descriptive approach, it reviews legislation, scholarly literature, and court decisions. The findings reveal that despite legal frameworks such as Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection and relevant Criminal Code provisions, significant gaps persist in offense categorization, victims’ access to legal aid services, and inter‑agency coordination. The implications highlight the need for regulatory refinement, strengthened reporting mechanisms, and enhanced capacity of law enforcement and legal aid institutions to ensure comprehensive victim protection.  

This research discusses the increasing child violence in Bintan Regency every year. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of collaborative governance in addressing violence against children. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used is the collaborative governance theory by Ansell & Gash, which consists of five indicators: face to face, trust building, commitment to process, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. The conclusion of this research shows that collaborative governance in addressing child violence in Bintan Regency has been implemented, with collaboration between the government, child protection agencies, and the community. The indicators of face to face, trust building, and shared understanding have been quite good through communication and coordination among the actors. However, the indicators of commitment to process and intermediate outcomes still face challenges such as changes in positions, sectoral egos, and time constraints. Although services for victims have started to improve, the rate of child violence remains high and many cases are resolved peacefully. An increase in commitment and coordination is needed to strengthen protection efforts and elevate the status of Child-Friendly Districts.