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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Free Medical Treatment Program Using Identity Cards (KTP) at Wedomu Community Health Center, East Tasifeto District, Belu Regency. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The analysis was based on Richard M. Steers' (1985) effectiveness theory, which includes goal attainment, system approach, and strategic constituencies approach. The findings indicate that the program has been fairly effective in improving public access to healthcare services and reducing medical expenses. From the goal attainment perspective, the program has facilitated easier access to healthcare services for the community. From the system approach perspective, the program is supported by funding, healthcare personnel, and service facilities, although limitations in human resources and supporting infrastructure remain. From the strategic constituencies perspective, beneficiaries expressed a high level of satisfaction with the services received. Supporting factors include local government commitment, healthcare workers’ dedication, and strong public demand for affordable healthcare services. Meanwhile, the main obstacles include limited healthcare personnel, inadequate service facilities, and insufficient public understanding of program procedures. Therefore, strengthening human resources, improving healthcare facilities, and enhancing program socialization are necessary to ensure sustainable improvements in healthcare service effectiveness.

The Kampung Bahari Nusantara (KBN) Program is one of the Indonesian Navy's community empowerment initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of coastal communities through the development of economic, educational, health, tourism, and defense sectors. Tlocor Hamlet, Kedungpandan Village, Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, possesses significant coastal resource potential and marine tourism opportunities; however, the implementation of the program has not yet achieved optimal results. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Kampung Bahari Nusantara Program and formulate strategies to optimize its contribution to community welfare improvement. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation involving village officials, community members, and representatives of the Indonesian Navy. The findings indicate that the program has positively impacted infrastructure development, tourism growth, and public service accessibility. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including limited community participation, inadequate human resources, insufficient educational and health personnel, and weak inter-agency coordination. The study concludes that optimization can be achieved through strengthening stakeholder collaboration, enhancing community empowerment, improving infrastructure maintenance, and expanding educational and health services. These efforts are expected to promote sustainable welfare improvement and strengthen maritime resilience in coastal areas.

The low literacy rate and limited infrastructure continue to be ongoing issues in the city of Palangka Raya. As an effort to improve the literacy value of the community, especially in the narrower social sphere. Therefore, in this case, the establishment of libraries at the Village or Subdistrict Government level is very much needed. As a step to regulate the management and organization of libraries from the city level to the sub-district level, the Palangka Raya City Government has enacted Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2019 concerning Library Management. This Community Service Program focuses on improving community literacy, particularly for students of SD Negeri 1 Kereng Bangkirai, conducted in the village of Kereng Bangkirai. Thru this activity, it is expected that there will be an increase in community visits to the "Harati" Library in the village of Kereng Bangkirai and that it will enhance interest and awareness of literacy, especially among the students of SD Negeri 1 Kereng Bangkirai. Thus, this Community Service activity can run and have a maximum impact.

This study aims to examine relevant and effective Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning methods in the digital era. The rapid development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes in education, including CRE instruction. The research method employed is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach to various academic sources and technology-based CRE learning practices. The results indicate that integrating digital media such as online learning platforms, Bible-based interactive applications, and social media creatively can enhance students' engagement and understanding of Christian faith values. Furthermore, the use of digital technology opens wider opportunities for contextual and meaningful faith formation across diverse learning environments. The study also identifies key challenges faced by CRE teachers, namely digital readiness, infrastructure limitations, and maintaining relational and spiritual dimensions in virtual learning environments. Teachers must therefore be equipped not only technologically but also theologically to navigate these complexities. The research concludes that the transformation of CRE methods in the digital era is not merely a technology adoption but a holistic theological integration of faith, technology, and pedagogy.

Personal hygiene practices during menstruation is important to maintaining the reproductive health of adolescent girls and preventing reproductive organ infections. Poor hygiene causes post-menstrual problems in 5.2 million adolescents in Indonesia, such as reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infections, pathological vaginal discharge, fungal infections, genital area irritation, and unpleasant odor. Factors influencing personal hygiene practices during menstruation include knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and infrastructure. This study was aimed determine the relationship between knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and infrastructure and personal hygiene practices during menstruation among female students at the Daarussa'adah Qur'an Tahfidzil Islamic Boarding School in Pesawaran in 2026. This study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population was all female students at the Daarussa'adah Qur'an Tahfidzil Islamic Boarding School in Pesawaran, and a sample of 74 respondents was selected using total sampling. Data analysis used the chi-square test with a significance level of 95%. The results of the study showed a relationship between knowledge (p-value = <0.001; OR = 279.000), perception (p-value = <0.001; OR = 620.000), attitude (p-value = <0.001; OR = 165.333), and infrastructure (p-value = <0.001; OR = 0.002) and personal hygiene behavior during menstruation. Suggested for the Islamic boarding schools include routinely improving reproductive health education regarding personal hygiene during menstruation and providing adequate infrastructure to support the development of good knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes, so that female students can optimally implement personal hygiene behaviors during menstruation.

The advancement of technology and information, which coincides with digitalization alongside the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), has colored human social life around the world. Currently, cadets of the Naval Academy often use gadgets/digital tools to access information or other media. With this, there are emerging threats that are very dangerous for individuals and the state. An currently prevalent case is Cyber Crime Identity Theft. Cyber crime identity theft refers to the crime of stealing someone's personal information online for the purpose of fraud or financial gain by stealing personal data such as names, identity numbers, and financial information, to carry out illegal transactions or obtain illegal benefits, which can lead to financial loss and damage the victim's reputation. Indonesia still has a very high number of cases of cyber crime identity theft, but it should be preventable by fostering. the cyber security awareness of cadets at the Naval Academy of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The conclusion of this research is that by strengthening modern technological infrastructure, both equipment and administrative services, developing modern software and hardware with strong security systems, and tightening regulations regarding access to users' personal data in cyber services, supported by strengthening cyber security institutions, it can enhance the cyber security awareness of cadets at the Naval Academy of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.

This study explores the role of artificial intelligence in strengthening cybersecurity threat detection frameworks for next-generation network environments. The rapid expansion of cloud computing, Internet of Things ecosystems, and distributed digital infrastructures has significantly increased cybersecurity risks and operational vulnerabilities. Traditional cybersecurity systems often struggle to detect sophisticated and evolving threats due to their dependence on static detection mechanisms. Using a qualitative research approach and content analysis method, this study examines recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, and intelligent cybersecurity frameworks. The findings indicate that AI-driven cybersecurity systems improve real-time threat detection, anomaly identification, automated monitoring, and predictive security analysis. Machine learning technologies such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and deep learning models demonstrate strong potential for enhancing intrusion detection accuracy and reducing false positive rates. The study also identifies critical challenges related to ethical governance, privacy protection, computational complexity, and adversarial attacks in AI-based cybersecurity systems

This study examines the transformation of business education curricula in response to the rapid expansion of the digital economy. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and digital platforms has significantly reshaped industrial demands and professional competencies. Using a qualitative research approach and content analysis, this study explores the challenges and strategic opportunities associated with curriculum transformation in higher education institutions. The findings reveal that universities face critical challenges related to technological infrastructure, faculty readiness, curriculum relevance, and industry alignment. However, digital transformation also provides opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, experiential education, global collaboration, and technology-driven innovation. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive leadership, faculty development, industry partnerships, and student-centered pedagogies in supporting sustainable curriculum reform. Ultimately, transforming business education curricula is essential for preparing graduates with digital competencies, critical thinking abilities, and innovative skills necessary to compete effectively in the global digital economy.

Limited land availability is a major constraint in developing school infrastructure in active urban educational facilities. This study evaluates the classroom development plan at SDN 39 Lubuklinggau from the perspective of a planner, focusing on land limitation, functional needs, safety, constructability, and long-term building performance. A descriptive-evaluative approach was applied through technical observation, document review, alternative assessment, weighted scoring, and risk analysis. The results indicate that horizontal expansion is constrained by limited open space and may reduce internal circulation, student activity areas, and emergency space. Three alternatives were compared: horizontal expansion, building rearrangement, and a two-storey classroom scheme. The two-storey alternative obtained the highest score of 84, compared with 61 for rearrangement and 56 for horizontal expansion. However, its feasibility depends on further soil investigation, structural design, staircase and evacuation safety, utility coordination, construction phasing, and strict site safety control. The study recommends that the planner prioritize detailed site measurement, geotechnical investigation, detailed engineering design, construction safety planning, and post-construction functional evaluation. A vertical classroom strategy can be considered a rational solution for land-constrained schools when supported by accountable technical planning and integrated project control.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed various aspects of human life, including the education sector. In the Society 5.0 era, educational institutions are expected to integrate digital technologies into learning processes to develop adaptive, innovative, and globally competitive human resources. This study aims to analyze digital technology-based learning innovations in improving educational quality, identify their potential benefits, and examine the challenges and strategies for optimizing their implementation. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review by analyzing relevant academic sources, including scholarly journals, books, conference proceedings, and other scientific publications. The findings indicate that digital learning innovations are implemented through the utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), interactive learning media, blended learning, and flipped classroom models. These technologies contribute to enhancing learning effectiveness, expanding educational accessibility, increasing student motivation and engagement, and fostering essential twenty-first-century competencies. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including digital inequality, inadequate technological infrastructure, limited digital competencies among educators, and concerns related to digital ethics and cybersecurity. Therefore, effective implementation requires comprehensive strategies, such as strengthening teachers' digital competencies, improving educational infrastructure, developing adaptive curricula, integrating innovative learning media, and promoting digital literacy and ethical awareness. These efforts are expected to support the development of a more adaptive, inclusive, and high-quality education system that aligns with the demands of the Society 5.0 era.

The drainage system is critical infrastructure for managing stormwater runoff in densely built urban areas, including higher education institutions. This study aims to evaluate the capacity performance of the existing drainage channels in the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur campus area. The evaluation was conducted through two main stages: hydrological analysis using the rational method to estimate the design runoff discharge for a 10-year return period, and hydraulic analysis using Manning's equation to calculate the channel cross-sectional capacity in accordance with Permen PU No. 12 of 2014. Based on the assessment of 43 drainage channels, the results showed that 33 channels (76.7%) are still functioning optimally and capable of accommodating the design discharge. Conversely, 10 channels (23.3%) were identified as having insufficient capacity. This capacity deficit was triggered by initial designs that did not accommodate the 10-year return period flood discharge, increased runoff coefficients due to massive pavement development, and effective cross-section narrowing caused by sedimentation. To mitigate inundation issues, this study recommends redesigning the failing channels using an economical hydraulic cross-section, accompanied by periodic normalization and dredging for functional channels. The findings of this study are expected to serve as technical guidelines for the optimal and sustainable management of campus drainage infrastructure.

The quality of life and well-being of women in Indonesia can be measured through the Female Life Expectancy indicator. Data on Female Life Expectancy from 2022 to 2024 shows a nationally positive trend; however, a significant disparity persists across provinces, particularly between the Western and Eastern regions of Indonesia. The nation still faces challenges in ensuring an equitable quality of life for women, as evidenced by the national Female Life Expectancy (FLE) in 2024 at 74.21 years, which remains lower than ASEAN counterparts such as Singapore at 83.86 years. Furthermore, regional imbalances are reflected in the performance gap between D.I. Yogyakarta (77.4 years) and West Sulawesi (68.28 years). This study aims to analyze the effects of Women's Income Contribution, Access to Clean Water, the Number of Families Receiving Social Assistance, and Women's Mean Years of Schooling on Female Life Expectancy in Indonesia during the 2022–2024 period. The estimation method applied in this research is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) via a quantitative panel data regression approach, spanning an observation area of 33 provinces (n=99). Based on the analysis, Female Life Expectancy is proven to be positively and significantly influenced by Women's Mean Years of Schooling and Access to Clean Water. These findings indicate that human resource quality and environmental conditions serve as dominant factors in driving up Female Life Expectancy. Therefore, government policy interventions should ideally focus on expanding educational access for women and ensuring the equitable distribution of clean water infrastructure.

In order to raise the standard of healthcare services in the contemporary period, digital transformation in hospital management has become a phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adoption, advantages, difficulties, and success aspects of digital transformation in healthcare facilities. A literature review employing a narrative review system was the methodology. 14 papers that met the inclusion requirements were found using data sources from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with publication years ranging from 2020 to 2025. To determine the primary study themes, data analysis was carried out utilising a thematic synthesis approach. According to the study's findings, digital transformation can enhance operational effectiveness, service quality, and patient safety by using technology including electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and hospital management information systems. However, there are still a number of obstacles to its adoption, such as inadequate infrastructure, inadequate human resource competency, expensive investment costs, and data security threats. Significant barriers also include a lack of system integration and opposition to change. Government policies and regulatory assistance have an impact on the success of digital transformation in hospital administration.

The growth of the nickel mining industry in Indonesia, particularly in Southeast Sulawesi Province, has made this sector one of the main contributors to the Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). However, the development of supporting infrastructure—especially mining haulage roads—still faces various risks that could potentially cause project delays and disrupt operational efficiency. Therefore, a systematic risk identification process is necessary to ensure that project implementation proceeds in accordance with established time, cost, and quality targets. This study aims to identify and assess risks in mining infrastructure development projects using a stakeholder-based approach. This approach is employed to gain an understanding of the risks that arise from the perspectives of the parties involved in the project. The results of this study describe the dominant risks that could potentially occur in nickel mining projects, namely opposition from the local community surrounding the project, conflicts with community organizations, denial of access to project roads, and disruption of project security due to inadequate security measures by authorities. It is hoped that these dominant risks can serve as a basis for developing effective risk mitigation strategies to support the successful and sustainable development of mining infrastructure.

This study analyzes the implementation of the Central Papua One-Stop Service Information System (Sipersateng) at the Central Papua Provincial Secretariat as a model for administrative innovation in the New Autonomous Region (DOB). The main focus of the study is to explore how a region with extreme infrastructure limitations can leapfrog or institutionalize towards an agile and transparent digital bureaucracy. Using a qualitative descriptive-analytical method with a case study approach, this research involved in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies to capture the dynamics of the transition from manual to digital systems. The results show that Sipersateng successfully reduced administrative process time by up to 60%. This success was driven by three main dimensions: institutional legitimacy through strong leadership commitment, technical resilience through offline-syncing features to address internet signal fluctuations, and significant changes in work culture. Adaptation strategies such as peer-mentoring methods for senior officials and mandatory policies through gubernatorial instructions proved effective in breaking down organizational cultural resistance. This study concludes that Sipersateng is not merely a technical tool, but rather a manifestation of Frontier Digital Bureaucracy that is able to mitigate the risk of maladministration and build public accountability in the newly formed province. This innovation demonstrates that geographic limitations are not a major barrier to achieving clean governance if supported by inclusive and adaptive system design. These findings provide a theoretical contribution to the public management literature on digitalization in regions with high structural challenges.

Evacuation planning in spatial networks requires the identification of critical nodes that maintain connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution during emergency situations. Existing approaches often rely on individual centrality measures, which capture only a single structural dimension of node importance and may therefore produce incomplete or biased prioritization. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Composite Centrality Framework for identifying critical nodes in meso-scale spatial networks with semi-structured connectivity. The network is modeled as a weighted undirected graph, and Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality are integrated into a unified composite index to capture complementary structural roles. The framework is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using a real-world campus spatial network consisting of 30 nodes and a synthetic network comprising 16 nodes with comparable structural characteristics. The results reveal a highly uneven distribution of node importance, with a small set of structurally dominant nodes consistently identified across both networks. In the campus network, node P1 achieves the highest composite centrality score (0.2195) and ranks first across the individual centrality measures, indicating its dominant role in maintaining network connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates strong agreement between the composite ranking and the individual measures, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.89, and 0.91 for Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality, respectively. However, only one node (P1) appears simultaneously in the top five of all rankings, highlighting the complementary nature of the individual centrality measures and supporting the need for multi-criteria integration. Sensitivity analysis across three weighting scenarios yields rank correlations exceeding 0.97, confirming ranking stability and methodological robustness. Overall, the proposed framework provides a balanced and reliable approach for identifying critical nodes and demonstrates potential applicability to evacuation planning and spatial network analysis in semi-structured environments.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of Al-Qur’an and Hadith teaching at MAN 2 Karawang, including the challenges faced and approaches to resolving them. The method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Information was collected through interviews and documentation with the principal, Al-Qur’an and Hadith teachers, and eleventh-grade students. The research findings indicate that teaching is conducted in accordance with the madrasah curriculum, using a thematic and contextual approach that focuses on moral development and the application of Islamic values in daily life. Teachers use various methods, such as lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and hadith memorization. However, the teaching and learning process still faces several obstacles, such as a lack of infrastructure, including projectors, limited availability of textbooks, and unsupportive classroom conditions, which affect students’ concentration. Several solutions implemented include the gradual provision of facilities, the use of digital technology through students’ mobile phones and e-books, and the implementation of more interactive teaching methods to increase student motivation.

Digital transformation has driven significant changes in society's economic patterns and increased the need for stronger family economic independence. In this context, the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) plays a strategic role in empowering families through strengthening digital literacy, entrepreneurship training, capacity building, and the utilization of digital media to support productive economic activities. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the PKK in digital-based family economic empowerment, identify the forms of empowerment programs implemented, and examine the challenges and strategies needed to increase program effectiveness in the digital era. The study employed a qualitative approach with purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the use of digital technology can expand marketing access, improve family economic skills, strengthen entrepreneurial capacity, increase community participation, and promote sustainable economic independence. However, limitations in digital literacy, unequal access to technology, limited infrastructure, and business sustainability remain major obstacles, highlighting the need for continuous mentoring, training, and collaborative support from various stakeholders.

Clean water is a basic human necessity that plays a vital role in public health and well-being. However, access to clean water remains a challenge in many drought-prone areas. This condition requires effective planning and evaluation to ensure the sustainability of clean water supply programs. This article aims to examine the application of the Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) method in the planning and evaluation of clean water supply programs in drought-prone regions. The study employed a literature review method by analyzing various scientific articles and relevant documents. Data were analyzed descriptively through identification, classification, and information synthesis. The findings indicate that PSC supports program planning and evaluation through the stages of problem identification, cause analysis, action planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Clean water supply programs contribute to improving community access to safe water and adequate sanitation, although several challenges remain, including limited resources, infrastructure management issues, and program sustainability. Therefore, PSC can serve as an effective approach to support the success of clean water supply programs in drought-prone areas.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of urban growth, land use change, and settlement development in Wamena City during 2020–2025. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using satellite imagery and population data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Jayawijaya Regency. The analysis was conducted through satellite image interpretation to identify land use changes and the expansion of built-up areas.The results indicate that the built-up area in Wamena City increased from 1,250 hectares in 2020 to 2,012 hectares in 2025. Meanwhile, the population increased from 44,315 people to 49,102 people during the same period. Land use changes were dominated by the conversion of open land into residential areas and other urban facilities. Settlement growth generally followed the main road networks, city center, and areas surrounding Wamena Airport. Population growth, urbanization, economic activities, and infrastructure development were identified as the main factors influencing urban growth dynamics in Wamena City. These conditions resulted in reduced open spaces and increased urban density.