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PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Medan branch is a large-scale domestic shipping company that provides logistics and sea transportation services, particularly inter-island container shipping throughout Indonesia. This paper discusses how efficiency is applied to direct container activities at the Medan branch. The work stages begin with the accurate identification of tentative cargo. Direct officers first obtain data on the number of containers from the depot head, including the prefix, condition (grade), and size of the containers to be processed. After that, officers check the completeness of documents and conduct physical checks in accordance with company operational regulations. If all requirements are met, containers are directed for direct shipping based on Customer requests and the tentative ship loading schedule that has been set. Next, officers issue an SP2 or Container Delivery Letter as a requirement for entering the port gate. With this flow, the process can support the efficiency of the container cycle in the empty container handling system. However, obstacles are still found, such as complex administrative processes, missing documents, and information that has not been communicated properly. Therefore, intensive coordination with the authorities is needed so that direct activities run smoothly. This paper uses field observation and literature study methods to obtain relevant data.

The advancement of digital technology has driven many service companies to transform toward faster, more efficient, and accurate systems. Himeji Express Banjarmasin, a company engaged in the field of goods delivery services, still faces challenges in data management and service processes that are mostly carried out manually. This condition leads to delays in shipment tracking, data entry errors, and limitations in report generation. To address these issues, a digital application was designed to optimize the delivery service processes at Himeji Express Banjarmasin. The application was developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) approach to model system requirements through use case, activity, sequence, and class diagrams. The implementation process utilized Sublime Text and XAMPP software, supported by an integrated database. The results show that the developed digital application can improve the effectiveness of managing customer, employee, pricing, cargo, and transaction data while generating automatic and real-time reports. This application enhances operational efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness to customer needs at Himeji Express.

This research aims to analyze the vital role of the Crewing Department in the recruitment, placement, and management of ship crew members at PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama Jakarta. The availability of competent, loyal, and ethical crew members is a key factor for ensuring the safety and efficiency of shipping operations. This study focuses on the procedures and strategies implemented by the crewing department to guarantee that recruited personnel meet company standards, uphold core values, and demonstrate a strong work ethic. The research employs field research to directly observe recruitment and crew placement practices, complemented by a literature review to examine relevant regulations and theories on maritime human resource management. The findings reveal that the Crewing Department plays a critical role in preventing undesirable incidents onboard, such as desertion, cargo theft, and operational failures. Such issues often originate from recruitment processes that fail to meet standard requirements or misalignments between crew perspectives and the company's vision and mission. PT Margo Indonesia Servicestama addresses these challenges by emphasizing integrity, professionalism, and adherence to company SOPs at every stage of crew procurement. The study concludes that the Crewing Department functions not only as a liaison between shore management and the ship’s crew but also as the primary filter responsible for maintaining high-quality human resources at sea. Continuous dedication, professionalism, and transparent procedures are recommended to sustain and improve fleet operational quality.

Container loading and unloading procedures are a series of essential operational activities carried out to systematically, safely, and efficiently move containers from ships to the stacking yard or vice versa. This study aims to examine these procedures, analyze the effectiveness of their implementation, and identify the obstacles and corrective efforts encountered in the field. The methods used include field observation (field research) and literature review (library research). The results indicate that the procedural stages involve document preparation (Bill of Lading and Manifest), ship berthing, the utilization of various loading and unloading equipment (such as Gantry Crane, RTG, and Headtruck), and container arrangement within the Container Yard (CY). The process involves three main work stages: Stevedoring, Cargodoring, and Receiving/Delivery, which require close coordination among port operators, foremen, and Stevedoring Workers (TKBM). Implementation can be hindered by crane breakdowns, headtruck limitations, traffic congestion, and slow stevedoring performance. Effective solutions suggested include routine equipment maintenance, increasing HT fleet capacity, enhancing human resource competency through training, and coordinating traffic routes with relevant authorities. Optimal procedure execution is crucial for ensuring smooth logistics flow, time efficiency, and occupational safety.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the shipping agent, specifically PT. Naval Global Trans Belawan Branch, in ensuring the smooth flow of the maritime logistics chain. The shipping agent functions as a crucial intermediary coordinating contasiner distribution, bridging the interests of cargo owners, shipping companies, and the Belawan Port authority. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection performed through field observation and documentary study within the Belawan Port environment. The findings identify that the shipping agent holds broad responsibilities, commencing with container booking according to the required type and size, scheduling vessel arrivals and departures, managing customs and port documentation, and monitoring container movements (from the depot to loading onto the vessel). This role is highly instrumental in determining port throughput efficiency. However, in carrying out its functions, the shipping agent encounters several significant challenges. These constraints include limited container availability, disruptions in the port information system which is not yet optimally integrated, and dynamic changes in export-import regulations. These obstacles potentially cause operational delays and an increase in logistics costs. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of better information technology integration between the shipping agent and the port authority. Furthermore, enhancing the quality of human resources (HR) through training and certification is key to ensuring that agents can respond to regulatory changes and operational challenges quickly and professionally.

This study aims to explain the procedure for processing the Notice of Readiness (NOR) document for coal-carrying vessels at PT. Armada Lintas Baruna Bandar Lampung and to identify the consequences that occur when the NOR is submitted late or contains inaccuracies. As vessels from international shipping companies frequently call at Indonesian ports to transport coal abroad, companies must continuously improve service efficiency and reliability to support national shipping and trade performance. PT. Armada Lintas Baruna plays a key role in managing export vessels, particularly coal carriers, from loading ports to their country destinations, and the NOR serves as a crucial document through which the Ship Master declares that the vessel is fully prepared to load or discharge cargo during the charter period. The NOR service process includes several stages: verification of vessel readiness by the agent, preparation and submission of the NOR document, verification by the port authority, issuance of NOR confirmation, and document closing. Delays or errors in NOR submission can disrupt the vessel’s operational schedule, potentially causing financial losses for shipowners through demurrage charges. This paper employs both field research and library research to provide an in-depth understanding of the NOR service mechanism.

This research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the administrative process for container Delivery Order (DO) handling implemented at Batu Ampar Port, Batam. The primary focus is to identify the procedural stages and evaluate the obstacles encountered during the DO issuance process. The Delivery Order is a crucial import document that serves as a transit permit, enabling service users to retrieve imported goods from the port area. The research methodology employs field research (field research) supported by a literature review (library research), allowing for the practical and thorough collection of operational data. The findings indicate that the administrative DO handling workflow commences with the receipt of documents from the shipping company representatives or service users, followed by the segregation of documents based on the company, recording the number of DOs, and culminates in the printing and validation of Form 2B, which serves as the official proof of cargo collection. This entire process demands close coordination among work units, particularly the administration and container depot sections. The study concludes that the effectiveness of DO management significantly impacts the smooth distribution of imported goods from the port. Common constraints frequently encountered include data inconsistency between the Bill of Lading and the received DO, as well as limitations in facilities and human resources within the administrative process. Recommended solutions include increasing supervision and refining the communication system between the applicant and the officials to ensure that the DO issuance process proceeds smoothly, promptly, and in compliance with established procedures.  

Belawan Port is a strategic port in North Sumatra with export-import activities reaching 5,000 tons per year, making it an important terminal in supporting international trade and regional economic growth. This research examines the role of daily work reports in dry bulk cargo unloading operations at PT. Wahana Intradermaga Niaga Belawan as a Stevedoring Company (PBM) responsible for ensuring the smooth process of loading and unloading at the port. The research methodology employs library research approach and direct field observation. The dry bulk cargo unloading process involves the inaportnet system and operates for 24 hours with three work shifts. Activities include four main types of operations: stevedoring (transferring cargo from ship to wharf), cargodoring (transfer from wharf to warehouse), delivery (shipment outside the port), and receiving (acceptance from factory to warehouse). The daily report document is a list of all cargo unloading activities during 24 hours at wharf 112. Daily work reports function as structured documentation of daily activities, conveying work progress updates, supporting performance monitoring, and serving as a reference for operational evaluation. The report's usefulness includes strengthening accountability, reducing misunderstandings, early problem detection, consistency in task implementation, and orderly documentation of unloading activities. Operational preparation involves permit processing according to port regulations, equipment preparation such as hopper, conveyor belt, grab, excavator, wheel loader, and sling ropes. Supporting documents include Bill of Lading, Cargo List, Cargo Manifest, and various operational reports. Obstacles faced include the influence of bad weather, human resource constraints related to workforce professionalism, and land transportation barriers. Related institutions include cargo owners, PBM, shipping agents, port authorities, PT. Pelindo Belawan, and EMKL companies that coordinate to ensure smooth dry bulk cargo unloading operations.

This qualitative research investigates the critical factors inhibiting ship arrival efficiency and their impact on shipping agency performance at PT. Berkah Tata Baruna Banten Branch. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, port operators, and agency management, the study examines three primary variables: pilot tugboat services, cargo loading-unloading productivity, and document processing efficiency. Utilizing thematic analysis and narrative synthesis, findings reveal significant operational integration challenges that directly affect agency performance metrics. The research demonstrates that synchronized maritime service delivery substantially influences stakeholder satisfaction and business sustainability. Results indicate that technological integration barriers, communication gaps, and human resource development needs constitute primary obstacles to optimal port performance. Beyond identifying constraints, the study highlights how fragmented coordination between service providers creates inefficiencies that extend vessel turnaround times and increase operational costs. Respondents emphasized that transparent communication channels, standardized documentation procedures, and adequate training programs are essential to building resilient port systems. Moreover, the research shows that investment in digital platforms for real-time data sharing could accelerate clearance processes, while workforce development initiatives would ensure higher service reliability. The study contributes theoretically by developing frameworks of integrated maritime service performance and practically by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen agency competitiveness. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance Indonesia’s maritime logistics capacity, aligning operational improvements with the nation’s broader economic and global shipping ambitions.

The Cargo oil pump is one of the auxiliary units on board a ship, used to transfer cargo from one location to another during loading and unloading operations. On the MT Pangrango vessel, an issue occurred with the cargo oil pump: its performance declined, resulting in slow suction during the unloading process. This problem hindered efficient cargo operations, as the pump was not functioning properly.This study aims to identify the contributing factors, impacts, and countermeasures for the decreased performance of the cargo oil pump. The research methodology applied in this thesis involved a descriptive approach combined with Miles and Huberman’s analytical method, with data validity tested via triangulation. Data collection techniques used to identify the problem included observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review.The results revealed that the pump’s shaft was worn due to excessive friction, and the ball bearing s exhibited wear and disintegration caused by lack of lubrication (grease). The recommended corrective actions were to add material to the shaft , perform realignment to correct any shaft misalignment, and implement routine maintenance—specifically, monthly grease lubrication. These measures, when properly applied, can significantly reduce the risk of Cargo oil pump damage.

This study explores the impact of organizational commitment, rewards, and punishment on employee performance at Perum DAMRI Bandar Lampung, a branch of the state-owned enterprise specializing in land transportation services for passengers and cargo. The research arises from the necessity to improve employee performance by leveraging both internal and external motivational factors, including employee loyalty, reward systems, and disciplinary actions. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through a structured survey distributed to 168 active employees of the organization. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS version 24. The study found that organizational commitment and rewards have a significant and positive influence on employee performance. These findings support the proposed hypotheses and highlight the importance of fostering employee loyalty and implementing an effective reward system to boost performance outcomes. In contrast, the analysis revealed that punishment does not have a significant positive effect on employee performance. This suggests that punitive measures alone may not be effective in encouraging desired work behaviors or improving overall performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Perum DAMRI Bandar Lampung prioritize initiatives that strengthen organizational commitment and develop a fair, transparent, and performance-based reward system. Such efforts are likely to enhance employee motivation and productivity. Additionally, the current approach to punishment should be critically evaluated to determine its role and effectiveness in supporting performance goals. A more constructive disciplinary framework may be needed to align with modern human resource management practices. This study contributes to the broader understanding of performance management in state-owned enterprises, especially in the transportation sector.

This study aims to identify various types of hazards found in the Apron of Juanda International Airport Surabaya and analyze their impact on flight operational safety. The apron is a vital area in aviation activities because it is a parking lot for aircraft, the process of boarding and dropping passengers, loading and unloading cargo, and light maintenance activities. The existence of potential hazards in this area can have a direct effect on flight safety if not handled properly. The research method used was qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through field observations, interviews with apron officers, and documentation during the implementation of On The Job Training. The data obtained is then analyzed to identify potential hazards and evaluate the level of risk. The results of the study show that there are still hazard findings in the apron area, including Foreign Object Damage (FOD) in the form of foreign objects that have the potential to damage aircraft engines, oil or fuel spills that can cause fires, the presence of wild animals in the aircraft movement area, Ground Support Equipment (GSE) that is parked out of place so as to interfere with aircraft movement, and marshalls who do not use Complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).  This problem is caused by the weak supervision of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit and the low awareness of personnel in implementing a work safety culture. Based on these findings, the author prepared mitigation measures in accordance with the guidelines of Doc 9859 AN/474 concerning the Safety Management Manual, including increasing supervision, enforcing safety standards, and periodic training for all apron personnel. It is hoped that the results of this study can be an evaluation reference for airport management to strengthen the supervision system, reduce the risk of accidents in the apron area, and build a better and sustainable work safety culture.

Digitalization has become the driving force behind transformation in the logistics sector, particularly at seaports, which serve as key nodes in the global supply chain. Indonesian ports face persistent challenges such as high logistics costs and long vessel turnaround times. By implementing digital technologies such as the Port Community System (PCS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain, ports can enhance operational efficiency, accelerate service processes, and improve transparency and accountability. Digital systems also enable real-time integration among stakeholders, contributing to faster cargo flow and reduced national logistics costs. However, the implementation of digitalization is not without significant barriers, including limited information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, low digital competencies among the workforce, and high initial investment costs. Furthermore, ports face organizational cultural resistance to change and cybersecurity risks that threaten operational continuity. Smaller ports in developing countries often struggle to adopt these technologies independently due to budget constraints. To overcome these challenges, synergy between the government, port operators, and technology providers is essential. Programs such as the National Logistic Ecosystem (NLE) represent a strategic step to accelerate sustainable digital adoption. With a holistic approach encompassing technology, human resources, and business processes, digitalization can become a key catalyst in enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian ports on a global scale.

An employee's performance can affect the company's success in competing with its competitors to achieve its goals. However, there are several factors that can affect the rise and fall of employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of the work environment, work discipline, and work conflict on employee performance. This study uses quantitative methods to evaluate the relationship between variables. Data were obtained through questionnaire results analyzed using SPSS Version 25 software. The total questionnaire data was 31 respondents from the number of J&T Express and J&T Cargo employees at the Kras, Ngadiluwih, and Mojo Branches. The results of this study prove that the work environment, work discipline, and work conflict have a partial and simultaneous effect on employee performance. The coefficient of determination supports the results of this study with a percentage level of 81.9% of variable (X) affecting variable (Y). Also, the work environment successfully dominates its influence on employee performance.

In recent decades, the use of unmanned vehicles (UV) has increased significantly. Unmanned ship operations involve various technical challenges that require sophisticated solutions. Dynamic marine environments, including strong currents, high waves, and extreme weather conditions, can affect ship performance to maintain stability and steer the ship properly, a precise and responsive control system is essential. Small errors in maneuvering can result in high risks, such as damage to the ship or loss of cargo, as well as potential danger to other ships or the environment. The purpose of this study is to design and build a servo motor control system for maneuvering systems on ships and to determine whether servo motors can control maneuvering systems on unmanned ships. The results of this study indicate that the servo motor control system in this study can work automatically or manually. In automatic mode, the motor angle can be set via the application. The ship will stop when the angle matches the settings in the application, based on data from the compass sensor. This sensor ensures that the direction of the ship's movement is accurate by providing a signal when the angle set matches the compass angle. The angle that has been determined when maneuvering the ship's automatic movement system is not accurate, due to currents, water waves and wind that make the ship move or change position by itself.

The rapid increase in Ro-Ro (Roll-On/Roll-Off) vessel and vehicle traffic at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, has exposed critical inefficiencies in port operations, particularly at key berths such as Jamrud Utara and Jamrud Selatan. These inefficiencies manifest as prolonged queuing times for Ro-Ro vessels and land-based vehicle congestion, leading to delays in cargo handling and increased operational costs. This study aims to evaluate the operational performance of Ro-Ro terminals based on queue time indicators for both Ro-Ro vessels and vehicles. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, the research integrates the M/M/c queuing model and Fishbone Diagram analysis to identify systemic causes of operational delays and overcapacity. The study reveals that berth utilization rates exceed 75%, indicating saturation, while limited buffer zones and disorganized traffic flow exacerbate vehicle queues. As a case study, the findings offer data-driven insights and practical recommendations, including schedule optimization, dedicated traffic lanes, and infrastructural upgrades to mitigate congestion. The proposed framework not only enhances service efficiency at the port but also contributes to broader logistics performance in Eastern Indonesia. By combining classical queuing theory with root cause analysis, this research introduces a methodological synergy that can be replicated across other Ro-Ro terminals facing similar challenges. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated port traffic management and infrastructural adaptability in response to growing maritime logistics demands.

The port is a vital infrastructure in the global logistics chain that connects sea and land transportation. The efficiency of cargo loading and unloading operations at the port is a critical factor influencing the smooth flow of goods and overall logistics costs. In this context, the use of Business Intelligence (BI) as an integrated technological system to support data collection, analysis, and presentation is becoming increasingly important for optimizing data-driven decision-making in port environments. XYZ Port, as one of the strategic ports in Indonesia, faces challenges in managing complex loading and unloading operations with increasing cargo volumes. The implementation of a BI dashboard offers a solution to visualize operational data in real-time, identify bottlenecks, and optimize resource allocation. This study aims to implement a BI dashboard for cargo handling operations at XYZ Port. The specific objectives include identifying information needs in cargo handling operations and developing a BI dashboard that suits the characteristics of port operations. The findings indicate that the dashboard effectively supports real-time decision-making and enhances operational efficiency. The study also highlights the importance of addressing technological infrastructure, human resource readiness, and system integration challenges in BI implementation.

Vehicles in Indonesia are an important part of moving people or goods from one place to the destination, one of which is the transportation of boxed goods. However, the lack of security for boxed goods transport vehicles has always been the target of burglary of goods cargo in the area of Jalan Perniagaan Barat Roa Malaka Tambora, West Jakarta, perpetrators of goods theft from boxed goods cars that are traveling. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security system that can notify the driver when the back door of the vehicle is broken into, namely a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram this tool is able to detect the movement of the thief and evidence will be sent via Telegram. The research method used in this research is research adopting the ADDIE model R&D method, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (assessment) of the reference model (ADDIE). In implementing the design of a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram Using the Esp32 Cam Microcontroller, MCU Node, and PIR sensors. Based on the Security Detection Tool, the transportation of box goods works well. Using the PIR Sensor, which is tested and applied directly to the vehicle. The tool is capable of sending telegrams in the form of messages, locations, and photos of the break-in.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of container lashing techniques in reducing the risk of cargo damage on MV. Tanto Bersinar. Lashing is a method of securing containers using equipment such as twist locks, lashing bars, and turnbuckle s to ensure cargo stability and safety during sea transport. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach through direct observation, interviews with crew members, and documentation. The findings indicate that the lashing technique on board has not been fully effective due to several factors, including insufficient quantity and poor condition of lashing equipment, limited crew understanding of proper procedures, and lack of regular training and supervision. The ineffectiveness of the lashing process leads to safety risks, operational delays, financial losses, and reputational damage to the company. This study recommends providing adequate and well-maintained lashing equipment, conducting routine crew training, ensuring compliance with standard operating procedures, and improving oversight to meet maritime safety standards. Proper implementation of lashing techniques is essential to minimize cargo damage and enhance the overall safety of maritime operations.

PT Gapura Angkasa is one of the aviation companies whose business includes ground handling services. At Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport, PT Gapura Angkasa handles ground handling for Garuda, Citilink, and Sriwijaya Air. Aircraft essentially transport passengers, baggage, cargo, and mail. Airlines are responsible for checked baggage entrusted by passengers. Regarding baggage, many passengers often experience issues such as lost, damaged, delayed, or mixed-up baggage. The unit responsible for handling problematic baggage is the Lost and Found unit. This research aims to evaluate the performance of the Lost and Found Unit in managing baggage issues. The study uses a qualitative method. The subjects of this research are the Lost and Found Unit at PT Gapura Angkasa Pura, Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport Branch. Data for the research is obtained from primary sources, including observations and interviews, and secondary sources, such as photos/images and company records as well as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Data credibility is tested through triangulation. Data analysis is performed through data reduction, data examination, and conclusion drawing. The research results show that the responsibility of the carrier towards problematic baggage at the Lost and Found Unit of PT Gapura Angkasa is carried out comprehensively, including steps for receiving reports, identifying, documenting, storing, and coordinating with airlines according to the applicable Standard Operating Procedures. However, there are still challenges, such as delays in tracking and returning baggage that need improvement. The carrier's responsibility for problematic baggage is in line with the regulations stipulated in PM No. 77 of 2011 concerning the procedures for managing and the responsibility for problematic baggage, including handling damaged, delayed, and lost baggage.