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This research aims to analyze how the church in the old and new testaments. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which aims to understand the structure so that it has a major influence on contemporary Christianity. From a conceptual perspective, the Church in the Old Testament is understood as a community of God's chosen people whose identity is attached to the ethnic unity of the Israelites and attachment to the law within the framework of the covenant. While in the New Testament, the understanding of the Church undergoes a transformation into a universal, inclusive, and spiritual community of faith, consisting of all people who believe in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, without ethnic or legal restrictions. In terms of structure and leadership, the Old Testament features a leadership system based on heredity and institutional positions such as priests and prophets who mediate the people's relationship with God; whereas in the New Testament, leadership is no longer hereditary, but based on the gift of the Holy Spirit, with a collegial, functional and participatory service model and Christ as the Head of the Church, emphasizing the dimensions of relationships and service in the community.In terms of sacraments, religious practices in the Old Testament such as religious celebrations functioned as symbols of obedience and identity of the people's covenant with God, but in the New Testament, so the sacramental meaning is renewed through baptism and holy communion which are spiritual and Christocentric, marking new fellowship in Christ in the context of grace. This study concludes that the New Testament cannot be understood as a break with or an abolition of the traditions and practices that existed in the Old Testament. Instead, the New Testament represents a theological fulfillment and essential transformation of the entire narrative and system that had been built in the Old Testament.

The design of a data processing information system is currently in great demand. By designing a data processing information system, the community, especially the congregation and administrators at the Sumba Christian Church (GKS) Lambanapu, can be facilitated in the process of data processing and providing information quickly, precisely and accurately, so that efficiency and effectiveness of church work are achieved. In this study, the author uses various writing methods including data collection techniques, waterfall methods, and system development methods. Creating an information system in church data processing that should be able to improve service performance and be able to provide fast and accurate information. So that it can help the process of church member data collection and can be a means of conveying information to church members. Creating a web-based system used for congregation or congregation data at the Sumba Christian Church (GKS) Lambanapu which contains applications for member registration, baptism registration, marriage blessing registration, sidi registration, registration for borrowing worship facilities and infrastructure, as well as downloading member documents, and news about church activities.  

This study explores the intersection of sacred water rituals and ecological awareness, examining how religious practices related to water shape environmental virtues and promote water conservation efforts. Various religious traditions, including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and indigenous practices, treat water as a sacred resource, emphasizing its purity, sanctity, and the responsibility of humans to protect it. These rituals, such as Islamic ablution (wudhu), Christian baptism, and Hindu purification rites, not only serve spiritual purposes but also embody environmental ethics that encourage restraint, humility, and stewardship in the use of water. The study employs a comparative qualitative approach, integrating textual exegesis, ethnographic observations, and interviews with religious practitioners to analyze how different faith traditions frame water as sacred and how these frameworks translate into practical behaviors regarding water conservation. The findings reveal that religious water rituals contribute to an ecological self, fostering a deep respect for nature and a commitment to sustainable water use. However, challenges exist in reconciling traditional practices with modern water scarcity issues, especially in regions where water conservation is a critical concern. Despite these challenges, religious communities have the potential to leverage their ritual heritage to foster global awareness and action toward water conservation. Future research should explore interfaith collaborations in water conservation and investigate the impact of ritual practices on real-world water conservation behaviors. This study highlights the potential of sacred water rituals as powerful tools for promoting environmental stewardship and addressing global water challenges.

This study aims to determine the law enforcement of motorcycle driver traffic violations from 2020-2022 in the Maros police station and to find out efforts to overcome traffic violations against motorcycle drivers in the Maros police traffic unit. This research uses empirical juridical research methods, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written words examining the theories of the concepts of legal principles as well as laws and regulations and oral from people. The types and sources of data used are primary data obtained directly in the field or research location at the Maros police station through interview techniques, secondary data traced through literature review either sourced form books, magazines, journals, or media. As for the results of this study, namely law enforcement of motorcycle driver traffic violations in Maros district, from research data violations committed by the Maros community every year continue to increase. The most common cases are not wearing an Indonesian national standard helmet (SNI) and not carrying documents in the form of a driver’s license (SIM) and vehicle registration number (STNK) when driving. One of the factors causing less than optimal law enforcement is due to the covid-19 pandemic. The countermeasures taken by the Maros police are, pre-emtif efforts in the form of socialization, preventive efforts in the form of obedient operations and repressive efforts in the form of giving ticket sanctions to violators.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting regional financial management at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Manggarai Regency during the 2019-2023 period. The research method used is a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results indicate that regional financial management is influenced by economic, effectiveness, and efficiency factors. This research is expected to provide recommendations to improve the financial management performance in the relevant agency.

The use of social media is very beneficial in human life. The use of social media has many positive and negative impacts. If not used properly, the use of social media will have negative consequences. One of the impacts of social media use is a lack of understanding regarding privacy issues. The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding of the positive and negative impacts of social media use. This activity was carried out at SMPN 4 Pasir Putih, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency. The results of the activity implementation show that the students of SMPN 4 Pasir Putih are very interested in participating in this socialization activity. They also better understand the positive and negative impacts of social media use.

This article discusses community service program in socialization on the importance of Public Speaking for students of SMPN 2 Nagawutung, in Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency. This activity was motivated by the importance of public speaking skills in digital and globalization era, as well as the limited access to training in rural areas. The aim of this program was to increase awareness, confidence, and public speaking skills of students. Methods used were observation, lectures, simulation, evaluation, and feedback. The activity was carried out on August 2, 2024, involving students from grades 7, 8, and 9. The material provided covered the importance of public speaking, basic techniques of public speaking, and strategies for overcoming anxiety. Results showed positive responses from the village government, school officials, and students.  Students showed enthusiasm and interest in the presented material. In conclusion, this program successfully increased students' awareness of the importance of public speaking skills in their academic and social lives. Recommendations include further training and development of extracurricular activities focused on public speaking to support the ongoing development of students' interests and talents.

The sacrament of Baptism is often referred to as the gateway to enter the community of believers in Jesus, especially in the Catholic Church, because it is the first sacrament received. Other sacraments can only be received after receiving the sacrament of Baptism. By receiving the sacrament of Baptism, a person can receive his rights and obligations as a Catholic. In the rite of receiving the sacrament of Baptism, one of the important parties to be considered is the godparents, or often also called the godfather or godmother. Its presence does not merely fulfil the requirements of formality, which is then recorded in the Baptismal Book or Liber Baptizatorum; but it has a certain role before and after the celebration of baptism.

The study examines the theological meaning of the symbols of water, wine, and blood in the Gospel of John and their interrelation within the perspective of Catholic theology. Grounded in John’s distinctive use of symbolism as a medium of revelation, the study treats these three symbols not as isolated narrative elements but as an integrated theological sequence. The study employs a qualitative method, utilizing a literature-based approach and biblical-theological exegesis of key texts. The findings indicate that water signifies the renewal of life originating from divine grace and is closely associated with Baptism; wine expresses joy and abundance within the new covenant, finding its resonance in the Eucharist; while blood marks the culmination of divine love manifested in Christ’s redemptive sacrifice. Together, these symbols form a progressive dynamic of revelation: from renewal, to communion, and ultimately to redemption. In the light of sacramental theology, these symbols not only reveal the identity of Jesus as the incarnate Word but also mediate a concrete experience of faith within the life of the Church. Thus, the Gospel of John demonstrates that God’s salvific work unfolds in an integral and continuous manner, remaining relevant for the contemporary practice of Christian faith.  

This research explores the role of Sunday school teachers in the growth and development of children at Kasih Karunia Baptist Church Simalingkar. Sunday school teachers play an important role in shaping children's character through spiritual and moral education. Creativity in teaching is the key to delivering material in a way that is interesting and relevant to children. Community service by Sunday school teachers involves children in activities that strengthen social and moral values, such as social service projects. The implementation of the Sunday School Teaching (PSM) program at this church, which is supported by IAKN Tarutung students, aims to increase religious and moral understanding, discipline, responsibility, as well as children's talents and creativity. This program also makes a positive contribution to the surrounding community. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods through interviews, observation and documentation analysis. Results showed significant improvements in children's religious understanding, discipline, responsibility and creativity, as well as a positive impact on the community. These findings emphasize the important role of creative Sunday school teachers in shaping children's character and strengthening social ties in the community.

Cases of intolerance are often found in Indonesia, causing religious harmony to fade, for example cases such as the rejection of the establishment of a house of worship at the Indonesian Baptist Church in Tlogosari, Semarang or cases of brawls between teenagers. Due to this phenomenon, the concept of religious moderation was promoted to increase the sense of harmony between religious believers. Religious moderation is a moderate sense of religion, no less and no more. This research aims to determine the influence of religious moderation on the reality of religious harmony in Semarang, especially in the views of the younger generation (aged 16-35 years). The author uses quantitative methods. In this research the author used a simple regression equation method. This research shows a positive value for the influence of religious moderation on religious harmony of 40.1%. This index shows that the influence of religious moderation is quite strong in building religious harmony in the view of the younger generation

One of the important sacraments in Christianity is the sacrament of baptism. Different denominations or sects also have different understandings of baptism. GBI itself believes that baptism consists of two, namely water baptism and Holy Spirit baptism. In connection with the low understanding of youth at GBI Silangkitang regarding baptism, it is necessary to hold a seminar on the theme of baptism. Before this seminar was held, the writer conducted a literature review, so that the results of the research presented in the seminar had an adequate academic basis. The research results that have been presented in the seminar are that baptism is divided into two, namely water baptism and Holy Spirit baptism. Water baptism is a sign of obedience to God's word, water baptism must follow Christ's example, and water baptism is a sign of being united with the death and resurrection of Christ. Furthermore, the baptism of the Holy Spirit is the baptism carried out by the Lord Jesus into the Holy Spirit. The baptism of the Holy Spirit is God's gift to give power to believers to carry out ministry according to the gifts of the Spirit received by believers and these gifts of the Spirit must be balanced with the fruit of the Spirit.   Keywords: , 

Reincarnation or reincarnation is not a foreign term for Christians. Nearly all churches encourage their congregation to experience rebirth or new birth. This research uses literature studies to explore several GBI sources containing Church doctrine, primary sources for John Calvin's theological ideas from his writings, as well as secondary sources from theologians who have studied this issue. The researcher's perspective and experience as a GBI member cannot be ignored when contributing to this research. The idea that the Church is the unified body of Christ is a very familiar idea among Christians. This idea suggests that just as Christians whose faith is one with Christ, each of them also has the right to be one with other believers. The unity of the Church is promised through the Apostles' Creed, one of the confessions of faith which reads, "I believe in the holy Church" and continues to be a reminder through the symbolic sacrament of Holy Communion for unity among the faithful. at the table with God. Lack of understanding and acceptance of the correct concept of Holy Communion will give rise to wrong attitudes in society in welcoming Holy Communion, so that it does not bring any blessings, but rather punishment for those involved. The promise of baptism as the first step in discipleship becomes less influential in the path of faith because forgotten. The church must lead God's people into a time of renewal of baptismal promises in the context of church services to maintain ongoing commitment as a community of followers of Christ. This research uses documentary research methods to analyze the biblical and theological significance of Jesus' baptism in Matthew 3:13-17. understanding or concept of the sacrament of baptism in the Catholic Church. Based on data obtained through research, there are two differences in understanding between the Huler Wair rite and the sacrament of baptism in the Catholic Church. There are also similarities and differences between the two, which encourage the author to be more active in writing this article and try to understand it well.

This research was conducted to examine/find out whether there is management of facilities and infrastructure in achieving learning effectiveness and to find out how the management of facilities and infrastructure is carried out at STT Baptist Medan. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection from informants was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The qualitative data obtained will be analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of the research show that the management of facilities and infrastructure in achieving learning effectiveness at STT Baptist Medan includes the following: analyzing the needs and planning of educational facilities and infrastructure, procurement, inventory, utilization, maintenance, removal and supervision. Through the management of educational facilities and infrastructure carried out at STT Baptist Medan in accordance with theory and in the field, learning effectiveness can be increased, because when facilities and infrastructure are used effectively and efficiently they can contribute to education, namely: facilitating the learning and teaching process. When students and lecturers experience ease in accessing information and learning, the abilities of students and lecturers can increase so that interactions during learning can take place effectively and efficiently.

This research aims to determine the influence of library collections on the reading interest of Medan Baptist Theological College students.  This research uses a quantitative approach with inferential statistics.  With a total population of 88 Medan Baptist Theological College students in 2023.  Data was collected using a 30-item questionnaire compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to theory.  The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence in the Library Collection on the Reading Interest of Medan Baptist Theological College Students: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) test the positive influence, the value rxy = 0.462 > rtable (=0.05,  n=31) = 0.355, thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable  Thus, there is a significant relationship between variable  b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 21.31%.  3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable, namely 7.854>4.00.  Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.        

This research aims to determine the influence of library collections on the reading interest of Medan Baptist Theological College students.  This research uses a quantitative approach with inferential statistics.  With a total population of 88 Medan Baptist Theological College students in 2023.  Data was collected using a 30-item questionnaire compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to theory.  The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence in the Library Collection on the Reading Interest of Medan Baptist Theological College Students: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) test the positive influence, the value rxy = 0.462 > rtable (=0.05,  n=31) = 0.355, thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable  Thus, there is a significant relationship between variable  b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 21.31%.  3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable, namely 7.854>4.00.  Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.        

The Church is a community of all God's people, namely all believers who have received baptism in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit and have been united with God the Father through the person of Jesus Christ. As believers, we are called and sent to continue the work of Jesus Christ in the world. This call and mission came from Jesus Christ when He sent His disciples to preach the Gospel throughout the world. “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to observe everything that I have commanded you. And know that I am with you always until the end of time (Matt. 28:19-20).” In continuing Her work, the Church hopes that all of God's people will take part. The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), produced sixteen documents and one of them was the Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity (Apostolicam Actuositatem). In the Lay Apostolate Decree, lay people are called to apostolate. Lay apostolate is a form of involvement of lay people to take part in the Tritasks of Christ, namely as Priest, Prophet and King. Lay people have duties and responsibilities in actualizing their faith through the work and tasks they carry out every day. The faith lived must be expressed and practiced. In actualizing faith, lay people can carry it out through various areas of life, including: in the Church, family, social environment and politics, both nationally and internationally. The involvement of lay people in various areas of life, the Church hopes that their presence will be salt and light for the world. The laity always strive to fight for the common welfare with the spirit of the Gospel. So that with its presence, the Kingdom of God becomes more real in the world and becomes a blessing for many people and becomes the glory of God's name. In this way, the world increasingly knows, accepts and acknowledges Jesus Christ as the only way to the Father because He is the only goal of life.

Originating from the word "Katekese," this term is derived from the Greek language, namely "Katecho." When translated into Indonesian, it consists of "Kat," meaning downward/square/wide, and "Echo," which signifies proclaiming/teaching. Consequently, "katekese" in Indonesian means religious teaching or education, particularly for baptismal candidates, explaining catechism lessons to children, and the general public. In this context, katekese will be discussed in more detail, specifically focusing on "Family Catechesis," which forms the foundation of human faith.

One of the churches that performs services by utilizing the development of information technology is the virtual reality church pastored by DJ Soto. All services are carried out virtually. In its service information, this church offers water baptism sacrament services which are carried out virtually. This research aims to conduct a theological and scientific study of virtual water baptism so that it becomes input for believers and God's church. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, in which the primary data was obtained by means of literature review. The results of the study show that water baptism carried out by the virtual reality church has no biblical basis, so believers and God's church must reject this baptism.

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan tridahrma kampus dan memberi pelatihan bagi siswa/siswi SD Grace Baptis School Batam tentang  membuat kerajinan tangan dari botol plastik dan karton kertas. Hal Yang membuat tim megangkat tema ini adalah hasil tinjauan di lapangan dimana peserta didik masih minim dalam berkreativitas atau membuat kerajinan tangan dari bahan-bahan sederhana seperti botol plastik dan kertas karton yang mudah di temukan di lingkungan sekitar. Dalam pelaksanaan PkM ini tim melakukan beberapa tahap sebagai berikut ; Tahap awal, dimana tim melakukan survei pada lapangan kemudian menyusun seluruh rangkain kegiatan. Tahap Kedua, pada tahap ini dimana Tim memberi pelatihan bagi siswa/I melalui pemaparan materi kemudian dilanjutkan dengan membuat kreativitas atau kerajinan tangan dari botol plastik dan kertas karton. Tahap Ketiga, Dalam tahap ini waktunya tim melakukan evaluasi dalam mengukur keberhasilan seluruh kegiatan. Melalui kegiatan ini peserta didik memiliki pengetahuan yang luas tentang kreativitias dan menumbuhkan inovasi baru dalam membuat kerajinan tangan dari bahan-bahan sederhana.