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In 2024, Indonesia’s food and beverage industry recorded IDR 110.57 trillion in investment and achieved GDP growth above the national average, highlighting its rapid development and importance for the economy. However, this growth does not automatically increase firm value, as internal factors such as solvency, firm growth, and dividend policy may play a crucial role. This study investigates how those factors affect firm value in food and beverage companies listed on IDX during 2021–2024. The research population comprises 84 companies, with purposive sampling resulting in 47 observations from 13 firms over four years. Data were collected from annual reports and analyzed applying multiple linear regression with SPSS 26. The results show that solvency and dividend policy don’t significantly affect firm value, while firm growth has a significant positive impact. Simultaneously, all three variables positively influence firm value with an adjusted R² of 11.8%. The paper enriches the academic discussion by validating the applicability of signaling theory in showing that firm growth acts as a stronger signal compared to solvency or dividend policy in the food and beverage industry, offering useful implications for investors and managers.

This conceptual research analyzes the relationship between social entrepreneurship and social innovation as an integrated framework for creating and sustaining sustainable impact. Social entrepreneurship is positioned as a strategic mechanism that combines the disciplines of entrepreneurship, value creation, and community empowerment to address complex social and environmental challenges. Meanwhile, social innovation provides new solutions, approaches, and models that drive systemic change and expand community participation in social development. Through a literature-based analysis, this research demonstrates that the synergy between these two concepts enables organizations to design sustainable business models that balance social mission with economic sustainability. The research findings confirm that sustainable social impact is achieved through three interrelated key pillars: system-oriented innovation, hybrid and adaptive business models, and collaborative ecosystems that strengthen institutional capacity and legitimacy. This research provides theoretical contributions by developing a conceptual framework that integrates social value creation, innovation processes, and sustainability mechanisms. Future research is recommended to empirically test this conceptual model through case studies or mixed approaches to assess its applicability in various socio-economic contexts.

This research is purposely conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness, efficiency, applicability  and appropriateness of modern firefighting systems installed on board ships. As a result, the review attempt to  ascertain the significance of firefighting systems on ships in terms of their safety, types, structure, principles as  well as installations. In this way, the review tries to justify the importance of these systems on board ships. The design of this survey revolves around three basic elements that incorporate the complete firefighting  procedure. These components include: modern technology of firefighting, different types of systems that are  used on board ships and people traits in terms of drilling, firefighting training to deal with any incident of fire.  In the previous decade, the globe has experienced massive destructions, harms and injuries resulting from fire incidents on ships. This has triggered and ignited enhanced fabrication and staging of new practices,  technologies and inventions aimed at efficiently deal with fire incidents so as to support the safekeeping and  reliability on these fire systems on board ships. Equally, through this technological enhancement, the  firefighting systems have been designed to facilitate rapid detection capable of differentiating between real  smokes or flames indicators in case of a fire event on board ship. In recent times, these technological  developments have been viewed as strategies that help ship owners to ensure better protection of the crew’s life,  ship’s inventories as well as minimising on the possible losses that occur as a result of fire events on board ship.  Therefore, with the review of the recent or latest methods and technologies for speedy fire detection on ships,  the review demonstrates enhancement attributes, features and qualities of these new systems. Additionally, the  paper critically evaluates the components of these firefighting systems, as well as looking at their competences,  capabilities, benefits and applicability on board ships.

This study aims to analyze inventory control of catfish seeds at ABC Company by comparing the conventional inventory method represented by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach and the Just In Time (JIT) system in order to improve cost efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with company management, and documentation of inventory and cost records for the 2024 operational period. The analysis method involved calculating optimal order quantities, ordering frequency, delivery frequency, and total inventory costs using EOQ and JIT formulas, followed by a comparative cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the conventional method resulted in a total inventory cost of Rp 75,050,000 per year with high ordering frequency. In contrast, the implementation of the JIT system reduced inventory costs to Rp 18,762,500 per year, achieving a cost efficiency of 72%. These findings indicate that the JIT system is more cost-efficient than the conventional method; however, its implementation requires careful consideration of supplier capacity, logistics readiness, and biological risks associated with live inventory. This study contributes empirical evidence on the applicability of JIT in the aquaculture sector, which has different characteristics from manufacturing industries.

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) with a focus on internal structural validity and reliability. The research aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the feasibility of QEWB as an instrument to assess eudaimonic well-being within the Indonesian population. The process involved the adaptation of the original scale, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate its dimensional structure. Findings indicate that the Indonesian QEWB demonstrates adequate internal structural validity and reliable measurement consistency. The four-factor model meaning in life, self-discovery, personal expression enjoyment, and personal satisfaction and fulfillment showed the best fit, confirming the stability of this structure across analyses. Further examination through group comparison suggests that the instrument does not exhibit gender bias within the sample, supporting its fairness and applicability across male and female respondents. These results highlight the potential use of the Indonesian QEWB for research and psychological assessment, particularly in studies focusing on well-being, personal development, and organizational contexts. However, the generalization of findings should be approached with caution due to sample limitations. Future research is recommended to involve more diverse populations and explore additional psychometric evidence to strengthen the scale’s applicability across broader cultural and demographic groups.

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants found in industrial wastewater and solid residues such as slag, electroplating waste, and metal ash. At excessive concentrations, Zn can cause environmental disturbances, including toxicity to aquatic organisms, disruption of microbial activity, and groundwater contamination. Long-term exposure may also lead to bioaccumulation and potential health risks to humans. This article presents a comprehensive literature review that discusses the chemical properties of Zn, its environmental behavior, and the development of recent treatment technologies within the last five years. Several techniques, including adsorption using modified or composite materials, biosorption utilizing microalgae and agricultural biomass, as well as solidification–stabilization with amendment agents such as biochar or iron-sulfide compounds, are evaluated and compared. The literature indicates that no single treatment method is universally effective for all waste types; therefore, hybrid or integrated treatment systems are considered more efficient and sustainable. Based on the reviewed evidence, this study proposes an engineering concept that emphasizes environmental safety, cost-effectiveness, and industrial applicability.

This study aims to explore the use of classroom talk in Indonesian EFL classrooms, specifically when teaching descriptive texts. Utilizing Sinclair & Coulthard's (1975) discourse analysis theory, the study focuses on the Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) model, which offers a framework for analyzing classroom interactions. By applying this model, classroom discourse can be broken down into a hierarchical structure that includes Exchanges, Moves, and Acts. This structure allows for a detailed examination of teacher-student communication, making its subtle nuances more explicit and accessible for analysis. The IRF model is widely recognized for its applicability and effectiveness in identifying the functional roles of utterances in classroom talk. One key observation from this study is that teacher-led initiation and questioning often dominate the discourse, with students primarily responding to the teacher’s prompts. The study suggests that the implications of the IRF model can help teachers reflect on their communication patterns and improve their teaching methods. By transforming teacher-centered scaffolding into a more student-centered approach, teachers can foster more effective interactions that enhance student engagement and learning. The study also highlights the importance of using the IRF model as a diagnostic tool for improving classroom communication practices and encouraging more dynamic and student-oriented teaching methods.

This study aims to develop a values-based strategic decision-making model within community-based Islamic educational institutions. Using SD Islam Al Ittihad as a case study, this research explores how Islamic values can guide institutional decisions to sustain educational quality without external debt. The research employs a qualitative case study approach with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using a triangulation method and supported by SWOT analysis through EFAS and IFAS matrices. The strategic decision-making process was further examined using Mintzberg's and Kepner-Tregoe's frameworks. The findings show that decision-making grounded in Islamic values enables educational institutions to achieve sustainability through strategic intuition, leadership commitment, and value-based planning. This research contributes a conceptual framework for Islamic educational leaders and policymakers seeking to integrate faith-driven values in governance and strategic planning. Further studies are suggested to test this model across various community-based schools to assess its broader applicability.

Indonesia’s position along the Pacific Ring of Fire makes it highly vulnerable to natural disasters, highlighting the urgent need to integrate disaster mitigation into school learning. Geography, as a discipline that examines Earth’s physical and human phenomena, holds strategic potential for strengthening students’ disaster awareness and preparedness, especially in high-risk regions such as Ambon. The Merdeka Curriculum provides instructional flexibility that enables the incorporation of disaster-related themes into learning processes. This study aims to design and develop a disaster-mitigation-based geography teaching module for senior high schools in Ambon City. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to explore existing teaching practices and needs. The study producede a comprehensive design for a disaster-mitigation-integrated geography module. The findings demonstrate that integrating disaster mitigation into geography learning through a structured module enhances the relevance, applicability, and effectiveness of instruction. This research contributes to strengthening disaster-responsive geography education within the Merdeka Curriculum and supports efforts to improve student preparedness in disaster-prone areas.

This study aims to analyze the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to improve students’ creativity in Social Studies and to measure its effectiveness in enhancing creative learning outcomes. The research was conducted as a Classroom Action Research (CAR) across two cycles during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, involving 30 fifth-grade students at SD Inpres Barombong 2. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, while analysis employed descriptive statistics for quantitative data and reduction–triangulation techniques for qualitative data. The creativity indicators examined included fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Findings reveal that the implementation of PjBL significantly enhanced students’ creative thinking skills, as evidenced by an overall increase in average scores across all creativity indicators. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the PjBL model was reflected in the improved implementation of its instructional syntax, progressing from the “Moderate” category in the initial cycle to “High” and eventually “Very High” in the subsequent cycle. These outcomes confirm that PjBL promotes active, student-centered, and collaborative learning that fosters creativity in Social Studies. The study concludes that continuous implementation of PjBL is essential for cultivating creativity in elementary classrooms and suggests further research to explore its applicability in different contexts and educational levels.

Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications in pregnancy, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and it poses a significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality if not detected and managed promptly. Early detection is crucial, yet clinical diagnosis often faces challenges due to the variability of symptoms and uncertainty in medical decision-making. To address this issue, this study aims to develop an expert system for diagnosing preeclampsia by employing the Dempster-Shafer method, which is known for its ability to handle uncertainty and incomplete information in complex domains such as healthcare. A case study was conducted at Bidadari General Hospital, where data on clinical symptoms and patient medical records were collected and analyzed. The development process of the expert system followed systematic stages, including knowledge acquisition from obstetrics specialists, designing the knowledge base, constructing inference rules, and integrating the Dempster-Shafer algorithm for decision support. The system was subsequently tested using real-case scenarios of pregnant women suspected of having preeclampsia. Evaluation results demonstrated that the system achieved an accuracy rate of 92% in differentiating between preeclampsia and eclampsia, based on belief and plausibility measures combined with symptom analysis. These findings indicate that the proposed system can effectively support medical personnel by providing diagnostic recommendations with a high degree of reliability. In addition, the system offers efficiency in the clinical workflow by minimizing diagnostic errors and reducing delays in treatment initiation. Therefore, this expert system has the potential to become a valuable clinical decision support tool for early detection, risk assessment, and management of preeclampsia. Future development may focus on expanding the knowledge base, integrating real-time patient monitoring data, and enhancing usability to ensure broader applicability in diverse healthcare settings.

This study aims to predict the potential bankruptcy of PT Argo Pantes Tbk for the period 2014–2024 using the Zmijewski X-Score model. The research adopts a quantitative method based on secondary data obtained from the company’s published annual financial statements. The Zmijewski model was selected because of its effectiveness in assessing companies with unstable financial conditions and its ability to provide a more accurate reflection of financial distress compared to other models. The analysis process involved calculating the X-Score for each year within the observation period and interpreting the results according to the criteria of the model. The findings indicate that for the entire study period, the calculated X value was consistently greater than or equal to zero. This outcome signifies that the company is in a condition classified as potentially bankrupt. Furthermore, the model demonstrated 100% accuracy in describing the company’s actual financial situation, since PT Argo Pantes Tbk consistently recorded net losses throughout the period of analysis. These losses were not incidental but reflected a long-term pattern of weak financial performance, limited profitability, and declining competitiveness in the textile industry. The results highlight that PT Argo Pantes Tbk has been operating under severe financial distress for a prolonged period, with no indication of recovery during the years observed. The persistent losses and negative financial indicators reinforce the conclusion that the company is in an unhealthy condition. The study confirms the applicability and reliability of the Zmijewski X-Score as a bankruptcy prediction tool in the Indonesian context, particularly for firms experiencing prolonged instability. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into financial distress analysis and underscores the importance of early bankruptcy prediction models in supporting stakeholders, investors, and regulators in making informed decisions.

This study examines the effectiveness of education and training programs in improving employee performance and identifies the factors influencing training outcomes at the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) of Southwest Papua Province. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation, with key informants including the Head of BKPSDM. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014), encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that education and training programs at BKPSDM significantly enhanced employee performance, as evidenced by improved timeliness in task completion, increased knowledge, skills, and expertise, and notable positive changes in employee behavior and attitudes. Training outcomes were also reflected in improved workplace discipline and greater responsibility among civil servants. Evaluation of program effectiveness employed five levels: participant reaction, learning achievement, behavioral change, organizational impact, and cost-effectiveness, all of which indicated favorable results. Factors influencing training effectiveness included the relevance of training materials to employee roles, appropriate scheduling that minimized work disruption, the use of clear and supportive training methods, and the competence of instructors in delivering material effectively. These findings demonstrate that well-planned and well-delivered training programs can strengthen the capacity and professionalism of civil servants, enabling them to better fulfill governmental and developmental responsibilities while supporting overall organizational performance improvement. In addition, the study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and feedback throughout the training process to ensure sustained improvements in employee performance. It suggests that the involvement of employees in the design and planning stages of training programs can enhance the relevance and applicability of the content, fostering greater engagement and retention of knowledge.

The growing environmental crisis underscores the need for education systems to foster ecological responsibility among students. This study explores the potential for multifaith schools to cultivate environmental moral education through an interreligious pedagogical model. By integrating diverse religious teachings on ecology, the proposed model aims to promote shared moral values for environmental protection and sustainability. The research addresses the gap in existing environmental education, which often lacks an integrated approach that incorporates various religious perspectives. Through a qualitative research design, the study analyzes curricula, observes classroom practices, conducts interviews with educators, and evaluates existing environmental education frameworks in multifaith schools. The study identifies key strategies, including the incorporation of eco-ethics from different religious traditions, project-based learning, and interfaith dialogues, as effective means of fostering ecological responsibility. However, challenges such as balancing doctrinal differences, overcoming biases, and developing inclusive pedagogy remain. The study emphasizes the importance of designing educational content that respects all faiths and promotes intercultural dialogue, thereby encouraging a collective commitment to sustainability. The findings suggest that multifaith schools can serve as powerful platforms for environmental moral education, highlighting the value of integrating religious perspectives into sustainability education. The study concludes with recommendations for incorporating interreligious eco-ethics into curricula and teacher training programs and suggests future research on the long-term impact of interreligious environmental education and its applicability in diverse cultural contexts.

Understanding the methods used by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) is important to be understood by the public in order to gain stronger confidence in the implementation of its fatwa. Of the various methods of determining law or ijtihad, one of the ones used by DSN-MUI is Istishab. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of the Istishab ijtihad method in determining fatwas in DSN-MUI, especially fatwa on rahn tasjily and rahn emas. The research method used uses a Qualitative method with a normative juridical approach that uses secondary and analytical descriptive data as the data analysis technique used. The results of this study state that one of the legal sources used by DSN-MUI in formulating its fatwa is istishab. In general, in the application of istishab in its fatwa, DSN-MUI in most of its fatwas uses the rules derived from isitishab in the form of the law of origin of muamalat is permissible. However, there are two fatwas that clearly show the use of istishab in the issuance of fatwa, namely in Fatwa D about Rahn Emas and Rahn Tasjily. In both fatwas, the elements that become the harmony and conditions in the use of istishab as a legal evidence have been fulfilled, both of which are related to rahn in general that have taken place in the past, which then these postulates are used to determine the applicability of the rahn law in the present time which is used in the form of golden rahn and rahn tasjily. In addition, it also uses derivative rules from istihab itself in the form of the basic law of muamalat, which is permissible until there is evidence that supports it.  

In recent years, rapid advancements in digital technology have significantly transformed global healthcare delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, accelerating the integration of information technology into healthcare systems, particularly through the increased adoption of telemedicine. In the field of internal medicine, which often involves long-term care and management of chronic illnesses, telemedicine presents a promising solution to enhance service accessibility, improve care efficiency, and sustain favorable clinical outcomes. This study aims to conduct a narrative review to explore the impact of telemedicine on patient clinical outcomes, healthcare worker workload, and healthcare system efficiency within internal medicine practice. The review is based on an analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Article selection was based on relevance to the topics of telemedicine and internal medicine, contextual applicability, and full-text availability. The findings of the review reveal that telemedicine contributes positively by expanding access to care, reducing travel time and logistical barriers for patients, accelerating clinical response times, and decreasing patient congestion in healthcare facilities. These outcomes are particularly beneficial for patients with chronic conditions who require regular monitoring and consistent communication with healthcare providers. However, the implementation of telemedicine also introduces new challenges, including increased administrative responsibilities and digital workload for healthcare professionals. The study underscores the importance of equipping healthcare systems with adequate digital infrastructure, implementing supportive and flexible policies, and providing comprehensive training for healthcare workers. These measures are crucial to ensure the successful and sustainable adoption of telemedicine in internal medicine. Overall, telemedicine holds strong potential to reshape the future of internal medicine, provided that its integration is strategically managed to balance technological advancement with human-centered care.

Indonesia’s Islamic capital market has experienced remarkable growth in recent years, evidenced by the increasing number of investors and the rising market capitalization of Sharia-compliant stocks. This article aims to analyze the performance and management strategies of Sharia stock portfolios by reviewing academic literature published in Indonesia between 2019 and 2024. Utilizing a literature review methodology, the study compares the return and risk characteristics of Sharia stocks with those of conventional stocks. It also evaluates the applicability and effectiveness of classical portfolio theories—namely, the Markowitz Model and the Single Index Model—in managing Sharia-compliant investments. The findings reveal that Sharia stock portfolios often perform competitively and tend to exhibit greater resilience and stability during financial crises. This resilience is attributed in part to the rigorous stock screening mechanisms that comply with Islamic principles, excluding sectors and companies that do not meet Sharia criteria. Additionally, various macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and global economic fluctuations are found to impact the performance of Islamic stock portfolios. The article highlights that while Sharia investments align with ethical and religious values, they also offer practical advantages in risk management and diversification. Furthermore, digital technology and fintech innovation are seen as essential tools to enhance transparency, accessibility, and investor engagement in the Islamic capital market. The study concludes that the development of Sharia-compliant stock investments in Indonesia holds promising potential, especially if accompanied by improved financial literacy, inclusive investor education, and stronger technological infrastructure. This paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, market regulators, and investors interested in promoting sustainable and faith-based financial practices within Indonesia’s rapidly evolving capital market ecosystem.

X Health Center has implemented EMR on SIMPUS since 2009-2010. However, from the preliminary study, it was found that there were obstacles such as network trouble, long loading when many users were pulling data on the system, and there was no SOP for down time: The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of Electronic Medical Records at X Health Center, Semarang City in the aspects of Human, Organization, Technology, Net-benefit.  Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews, observations and documentation studies. Results: The results of research at X Health Center show that there are problems in implementing EMR at X Health Center, in the human aspect, namely system training is still given only to representative officers such as IT and SIK staff. In the organizational aspect, namely limited facilities and lack of manpower. On the technology aspect, namely internet network instability, inconsistent electricity supply and generator unpreparedness and hardware limitations. While in the net-benefit aspect, the implementation of EMR has an impact on increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of X Health Center services. Conclusion: The implementation of electronic medical records at X Health Center is not yet fully optimal, namely in the aspects of human, organization and technology.    

Law Number 1 Year 2023 on the Criminal Code (KUHP) is a form of national criminal law reform that recognises the existence of customary criminal law. However, it has not been regulated in detail how the implementation and position of customary criminal law as a reason for criminal prosecution, and there are fundamental differences between the two concepts of the legal system. The problems in this research are how the position between customary criminal law and national criminal law in the new Criminal Code, how the legal certainty of the regulation of customary criminal law in the new Criminal Code, and how the challenges in enforcing customary criminal law using the current criminal justice system in Indonesia. This research uses normative juridical method with regulatory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the applicability of customary criminal law is limited to the area where the law lives and applies to customary criminal acts committed in the area where the law lives. The position of customary criminal law can be valid as a reason for criminal prosecution if the customary law that is still alive in the community has been stipulated in the form of Regional Regulations, and customary offences that are similar to offences in the New Criminal Code will be ruled out, and the classification of customary sanctions as additional sanctions, positioning customary penalties to be complementary or secondary, because additional sanctions can only be imposed together with the main sanctions. Legal certainty towards the regulation of customary criminal law is highly dependent on the formulation of the elements of each offence of customary criminal law stipulated in regional regulations. The current criminal justice system in Indonesia (KUHAP) cannot realise the objectives of customary criminal law. The objectives, characteristics, and procedures in the concept of customary law are contrary to those in the criminal justice system. Restorative Justice can be utilised as an alternative to the settlement of customary criminal cases when the New Criminal Code comes into effect.

The selection of appropriate solvents in sterile injection formulations plays a pivotal role in determining the stability, efficacy, and safety of pharmaceutical products. Among the commonly utilized solvents, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and pyrogen-free water exhibit distinct physicochemical properties and functional roles. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, functions, and implications of these three solvents within the context of sterile injectable preparations. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of six peer-reviewed scientific articles published within the last five years, focusing on solvent performance, compatibility, and safety profiles. Findings reveal that DMSO is highly effective in dissolving lipophilic compounds due to its strong solvating capacity. However, its use at elevated concentrations may lead to irritation and cytotoxicity, necessitating careful dosage regulation. PEG, particularly in its flexible molecular weight variants, serves as a co-solvent and viscosity modifier, enhancing solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Pyrogen-free water, characterized by its inertness and biocompatibility, remains the gold standard for injection solvents, offering minimal risk and broad applicability across drug classes. The study underscores the importance of aligning solvent selection with the physicochemical nature of the drug, intended route of administration, and patient safety considerations. Furthermore, the potential for combining solvents to achieve optimized formulations is highlighted as a promising avenue for future pharmaceutical development. Such combinations may offer enhanced solubility, reduced toxicity, and improved delivery mechanisms, particularly for complex or poorly soluble compounds. In conclusion, understanding the nuanced roles of DMSO, PEG, and pyrogen-free water is essential for formulating safe and effective sterile injections. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge supporting rational solvent selection and encourages further exploration into innovative solvent systems for advanced drug delivery.