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Writing can be said as an activity that forms symbols. But writing is more than producing graphic symbols, just as speaking is defined not only as the production of sound. These symbols must be arranged, according to certain conventions, to form words and words arranged to form sentences. The ability to write is not an ability that can be obtained automatically. The aim of teaching Arabic-Malay writing is to recognize, train, and develop the ability to understand and carry out how to read and write properly and correctly according to Arabic-Malay regulations, as well as express simple ideas or impressions orally and in writing. In conducting this research the authors used a type of quantitative research. In this study the data collection method was carried out by testing the ability to write Malay Arabic words in the questionnaire given. After conducting research on the ability to write Malay Arabic words for students in grade 4a at SD Negeri 148 Pekanbaru, it was found that the students in grade 4a at SD Negeri 148 Pekanbaru as a whole had the ability to write Malay Arabic words in the low category with a percentage of 18.62%. In two-syllable Malay Arabic words, students in grade 4a SD Negeri 148 have a low ability category with a percentage of 7.93% and for Malay Arabic words with more than two syllables are also in the low category with a percentage of 19.31%. This proves that students do not understand how to write Arabic Malay words in two or more syllables.

The company 75 Center Design Graphic Studio is a provider of printing services and design services that serve the manufacture of various printing products. One of the problems that often arise when working on orders from customers is that there are many orders while there is only one expert, so there is not enough time to do it. Using technological advances, learning aids are made, which can later be used by employees to operate the ID Card machine. This learning aid media will display an autoplay program containing the process of making product from beginning to end. This learning aid media is made based on Multimedia.

Graphic novel is one of many communication mediums with a combination of visual and verbal that mutually reinforces one another. This work remains a novel but uses the style of storytelling like a comic, using many illustrations. Graphic novels tell their stories from the beginning to the end, therefore graphic novels tend to be longer than comics. The content or quality of the story is different; graphic novel features a story with a more detailed content so that reading it requires serious concentration to think and understand what the creator is trying to convey.The graphic novel of Wali Songo's da'wah story, created by Gerdi Wirata Kusuma in 2015, presents nine Wali Songo stories, which are then selected into two stories to be studied, namely Sunan Kudus and Sunan Kalijaga. The graphic novel discusses the brief history of Wali Songo's life, including Wali Songo's propagation method in spreading the teachings of Islam.This research uses qualitative content analysis method, with Scott McCloud's comic theory, namely using comic element in the forms of image selection, selection of flow, and choices of words, moments, and frames. This identification is divided into two aspects; visual and verbal. Visual in the form of sequences of images, point of view, and graphics. Verbal in the form of narrative text that resides in column panels or word bubbles.The result of this research indicates that visual and verbal use are interrelated, such as the use of shots related to narration, the use of narration to mention information that can not be conveyed visually or visual expressions that can not be described verbally. This visual and verbal combination that mutually reinforces one another shows that this graphic novel is able to show the story of the history of Wali Songo's method in spreading teachings of Islam through assimilation of education and cultural arts with symbolic visual observations. The graphic novel of Wali Songo's da'wah story tries to show its history visually and verbally that is easy to understand and is able to become a part of medium of education.    

The rapid development of technology is very influential on institutions, society and even universities. At this time, the role of graphic design in all fields is needed. This can be proven by the many fields of business that utilize the expertise of graphic designers. The shifting habit of using digital media in human activities has made the use of design as media promotion increasingly widespread in the business world. Examples of promotional media include brochures, leaflets, posters, business cards, billboards, banners, and banners. This illustrates that graphic design skills are important things that students need to have in this modern era. Therefore, it is important to hold graphic design training as an initial means for students to improve their ability to produce a quality graphic design work.

This study aims to determine students' learning difficulties in chemistry by using zoom in achieving cognitive, sociological and psychological aspects and to further examine the difficulties faced by students. Data collection using questionnaires and tests, then using the K-Means Cluster data analysis technique, with three clusters (groups) followed by crosstab and graph analysis, using SPSS IBM 22 and followed by the RASH model. the results obtained are that (a) cognitive aspects in the form of student thinking, followed by sociological aspects and psychological aspects related to students' internal factors (b) cognitive results are tested more deeply with the Expended Score Graph. The ICC is in accordance with the RASH Model, the difficult questions to work on are questions 10 and 13 are in the analysis (C4), the Outfit MNSQ value is between 0.5-0.15 and then from the Probability graph of Student Cognitive Ability is well distributed, thus the difficulty in the cognitive aspect lies in the questions presented. These results are very useful for identifying students' cognitive limitations in chemistry learning. Thus, from the results, it is explained that cognitive is the main difficulty, with the RASCH test it is known that the level of difficulty is at the analysis.

The Boyolali Regional Library is a means of supporting public education organized by the Government of Boyolali Regency, Central Java. It is necessary to design promotional media and library information in order to increase public interest in coming and getting to know the complete library facilities. This research designs multimedia in the form of 2D digital motion graphic video as a promotional media for the Boyolali regional library. The method used is the Holistic Multimedia Development Model (HMDM) development model whose multimedia development stage considers the guiding aspects of multimedia quality. The results of the media expert and material expert validation test with a score of 85% and 90%, respectively. While in the user test, the positive response was 86%. So that the results of multimedia design are in the very good category and in line with expectations.

Packaging has multiple roles that greatly affect the target audience and even the target market. Not only does it play a role in protecting or facilitating distribution, far from that, packaging can communicate many aspects at the same time even in the absence of sales. Packaging deserves special attention and is done optimally as an effective communication medium. This study tries to describe the visual strategy on instant noodle packaging which is the market leader in Indonesia, namely Indomie. Indomie As the only brand that is able to dominate 70% of the market compared to its closest competitor, only 16%. Although not the only major factor, there are many interesting things that we can describe from the visual strategy that has been implemented by Indomie producers in competing with similar products. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to determine the visual strategy by outlining the graphic elements of the packaging. The results of this study indicate that a strong visual identity is able to influence consumers to more quickly recognize their products and at the same time conduct persuasion to choose their products in the ranks of other similar products.

During the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal, teacher innovation is urgently needed to make their students not bored and stressed in the learning process, either virtual or face-to-face. In North Maluku, face-to-face learning has been carried out with simulations and strict protocols. Learning variations using Blended Learning become a general solution that is applied. Infographics are information graphics which are visual representations of a collection of data, information and designs. Infographics require a large amount of information in the form of writing or numbers and then converted into a simpler form, namely a combination of images and text that allows readers to quickly understand the meaning of a message or image itself. Various efforts to educate covid 19 both non-formally and formally have been carried out to prevent infection, social restrictions and the provision of social and medical assistance have been carried out by the government, but the public still does not have good awareness and discipline towards covid 19. This study aims to educate about the virus and its dangers, especially covid 19 through the development of infographic-based science teaching aids in elementary schools. Research Development with reference to 4D models with modifications. The results of the study indicate that infographic media is suitable for use as media material or science teaching aids, especially virus education for elementary school students. The use of infographics related to viruses and infection mechanisms can be used in various ways in online and offline learning for elementary school students

Urban landscape design is an approach in designing cities that has a positive impact on city residents by providing a livable environment. Urban landscapes come in various forms, one of which is city parks. A city park is one of the facilities provided by a city and its residents can carry out several activities in it. A city park also serves as a city landmark. The city of Salatiga has several parks with recreational functions but not many city parks are available to function as public spaces. One of them is a park located in Tingkir District, Salatiga City, namely Tingkir Park. The purpose of this study was to apply 3D computer technology in the redesign of Tingkir park with the concept of Urban landscape design. A city park that is functional, aesthetically pleasing, can be a better public space and can become a landmark in the area. The method of developing a Virtual 3D City Park Design product uses 5 steps ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implement and Evaluation). In academic interest, this research results in the experimentation of computer graphics technology in the development of urban park design.

This research was made with the aim of developing the application of determining the recipient of Rastra (Rice Prosperous) aid in Tobu Village. South middle Timor district by applying the exponential comparison method. Variables or criteria used in this study are work, income, number of dependents, building area and housing conditions and detailed criteria on each variable. This research succeeded in developing an application ranking community beneficiaries of Rastra in Tobu village by using the exponential comparison method (MPE). In this application provides a graphical display feature, print reports that will be used to print and view the results of the ranking of people who are entitled to receive Sejahtera ria. 

Main Objective: This study explores the work vacancy advertising for graphic designers in some countries and appraises differences in economic, and educational infrastructure. Background problem: The designer's role is changing and building a more critical advancement to the organization. The job and expertise of a graphic designer as commonly associated with boundless visual results, equally designing for flyers and having knowledge of typography and visual content. Apart from that, graphic designers job and competent in equal employment, study, and technology. The expansive work and skill set of graphic designers mien a challenge for lecturers and professionals alike to carry abreast of the work of graphic designers. Novelty: For design professionals and lecturers, employment provides an intermediary for compassionate labor advertising which can format academic activities and self-improvement intentions. In design research, job Ads bring information about the competencies demanded by employers in the design professional field as well as about the organization's level of knowledge of the profession. Research Method: This study uses the doc analysis method in traditional and digital graphic design job advertisements to investigate the skills that organizations seek when recruiting graphic designers. Finding/Result: The job and skills of a graphic designer are more expansive than repeatedly characterized. Graphic designers primarily provide digital and print jobs. Graphic designers primarily provide digital and print jobs. To do this kind of job, a graphic designer must have not only visual design experiences but also experiences generally identical with other areas, equally “business”, “project management”, and “research”. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that job advertisements reverse the former during interpretive job advancement for graphic designers in the future. As a suggestion for investigating future professional development, design researchers should make more careful use of the opportunity and scope contributed by job advertisements. Keywords: Job Advertisement, Graphic design, Graphic Designer

The infrared detector (or IR detector) is an optoelectronic component and represents the core element of gas analyzers, flame sensors, devices of spectral analysis, as well as non-contact temperature measurement. pyroelectric infrared detectors work with  stabilization time  in a wide operating temperature range (-55 ... 85) °C, capable of measuring the slightest amounts of infrared radiation (as little as a fraction of a nW) with wavelengths between 1 µm and > 25 µm. The difference of the good pyroelectric or No good (NG) devices shown by graph of voltage offset operating that can check by manual using Digital Multi Meter or semi auto by using microcontroller One of importance measuring of IRD sensors  is Offset Voltage, stabilization of offset voltage indicate the sensor is stable with certain level value. Stabilization value measurement during measuring time means the average value not so much different with fluctuation value.  10 bit ADC on Atmega 328 that main microcontroller on Arduino Uno is capable to measure the Offset Voltage of IRD sensor and check the measurement values is within specification of IRD sensor.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi Metode Komunikasi Verbal dan Non Verbal untuk meningkatkan Motivasi Berprestai dan Hasil Belajar TPQ Tentang Terjemah Surat An nas pada Siswa kelas 1E semester I SD Muhammadiyah 2 Denpasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 1 sebanyak 32 orang. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif untuk menunjukan rata–rata skor motivasi berprestasi, hasil belajar, dan kriteria ketuntasan yang digambarkan dalam bentuk grafik poligon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, dari hasil observasi tentang motivasi belajar sebelum penelitian hanya 60% pada siklus I menjadi 91% sedangkan Prestasi belajar dari post test mulai nilai 61,3 naik menjadi 69,1 ( siklus-I ) kemudian naik lagi menjadi 80,9 pada siklus – II sedangkan ketercapaian ketuntasan belajar dari 40,6% menjadi 65,6% dan pada Siklus-II menjadi 90,6%, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Metode Komunikasi Verbal dan Non Verbal dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi dan Hasil belajar, disamping itu untuk menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan. sehingga secara bertahap prestasi Tahfidz juz 30 peserta didik dapat meningkat. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to know the implementation methods of Verbal and Non Verbal Communication to increase Motivation Achievement and Learning Results TPQ About translations of the An nas in the grade 1 Muhammadiyah Primary School 2 nd Denpasar, semester 2. The subject of this research is the grade 1E by as much as 32 people. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative to indicate average score of achievers motivation, learning outcomes, and pass criteria minimals illustrated in graph form polygons. The results of this study showed that, the results of observation of the learning motivation research before just 60% in cycle I becomes 91% whereas the achievement of the learning post test start value rose to 69.1 61.3 (cycle-I) then up again into 80.9 on cycle – II while learning results from 40.6% to 65.6% and cycle-II being 90.6%, it can be concluded that the method of Verbal and Non Verbal Communication can be applied to increase the motivation

SMK Negeri 11 Semarang is a school that has four competency skills, namely Graphic Preparation, Graphic Production, Multimedia, and Animation. Every time they enter the beginning of the school year, school socialization and skills competencies are carried out to new students through the Student Orientation Period, using the lecture method from each of the Head of Skills Competencies. Researchers have created an attractive and informative audio-visual presentation media, packed with docudrama stories, namely documentary films. The results of validation tests conducted by expert experts and users show that the documentary films that have been developed by researchers fall into the very good criteria with a percentage of 93.75%. In addition, through the use of the 228 new students as respondents, it can be concluded that the documentary film developed by the author falls into the good criteria with a percentage of 61%.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar PKn Siswa kelas V semester II SD Muhammadiyah 2 Denpasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Muhamadiyah sebanyak 30 orang. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menunjukan rata–rata skor aktivitas, hasil belajar, dan kriteria ketuntasan yang digambarkan dalam bentuk grafik poligon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD efektif untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar PKn. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan peningkatan skor nilai dalam aktivitas dan hasil belajar yang dicapai oleh siswa pada tiap–tiap siklus, pada siklus I rata-rata hasil belajar PKn sebesar 67 dan aktivitas sebesar 46,3 serta ketuntasan belajar siswa sebesar 37% meningkat pada siklus II dimana hasil belajar PKn mencapai 76,3 dan aktivitas sebesar 61 serta ketuntasan belajar siswa sebesar 70%. Pada siklus III terjadi peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar PKn sebesar 83 dan aktivitas sebesar 82 termasuk kategori sangat tinggi serta ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 100%.   The purpose of this study: Implementation Cooperative Instruction Model, STAD Type to Improve (1)The Activity and (2)Learning Achievement on Civilization Study  for the fifth Grade Students at Second Semester in Muhammadiyah 2nd Primary School, Denpasar. The population of this study was 30 students . The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic by finding the mean scores of activity, learning achievement, and students passing grade criteria which was continued by drawing those all into a polygon graphic. The result was Implementation Cooperative Instruction Model, STAD Type is effective to improve the activity and learning achievement of civilization study. This was shown by the improvement of the student mean scores on activity and learning achievement achieved by the students in each cycle where in cycle I it was rate of Learning Achievement on Civilization Study is 67,  the activity is 46,3, and result of learning achievement is 37%. On cycle II, it increased into 76,3 of learning Achievement, the activity is 61 and the result of learning achievement is 70%.However, in cycle III, it increased into 83 of learning Achievement, the activity is 82 and the result of learning achievement is 100%.

This study aims to determine the condition of payment of income tax of SMEs in the Region of Semarang, how therecording of tax payments and whether taking notes in case of underpayment or overpayment. The population in this studyare all taxpayers SMEs located in the County of Semarang. While the sample studied through primary data by distributingquestionnaires to be addressed, direct interviews and secondary data through the office of the Department of Cooperativesand SMEs in Semarang. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. Data analysis was performed usingdeskretif qualitative analysis to see how the map SMEs in the Region of Semarang on the condition of their businessactivities, capital and liabilities that can be known perpajakanya deficiency or excess. The research results in graphicalform shows that the conditions of tax payments made by the respondents most of the information obtained from pertugastaxes, the taxpayer has to pay taxes on time, taxpayers will determine tax rates and the calculation. Results show that theknowledge of the taxpayer, an understanding of the tax laws and benefits are fulfilled contributed to the reporting oftaxation, and SMEs have experienced an overpayment or underpayment in tax payments, SMEs also make adjustments incase of overpayment or underpayment although the adjustment is done not in accordance with Financial AccountingStandards for Small and Medium Enterprises.Keywords: UMKM, tax payment, registration tax, tax adjustment.

Ketidakpastian (uncertainty) dapat dinyatakan dalam tiga model, yaitu : numeric (Numeric), Grafik(Graphic), Simbolik (Symbolic). Metode yang paling umum untuk merepresentasikan ketidakpastian adalahdengan metode numerik.Kerusakan pesawat televisi merupakan masalah yang sering ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Penyebab kerusakan televisi adalah karena adanya kerusakan pada suatu rangkaian. Untuk menetukan blokrangkaian yang mengalami kerusakan hanya bisa dilakukan oleh seorang pakar yang ahli di bidang televisi.Salah satu metode yang  dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat kerusakan televisi adalahdengan menghitung faktor kepastian (Confidence Factor). Faktor Kepastian dalam masalah ini merupakanpenggabungan dari beberapa pakar dan faktor kepastian yang dimasukkan user.Dalam penelitian ini perhitungan faktor keyakinan yang digunakan adalah dengan faktor keyakinanrumus baku dan rumus Lukasiewicz. Racangan sistem yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini menggunakanVisual Basic dan basis data Microsoft Access 97. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahawa sistem telahberjalan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah dalam teori ketidakpastian .

Kriptografi berasal dari kata crypto yang berarti rahasia dan graphy yang berarti tulisan. Jadikriptografi dapat diartikan sebagai tulisan rahasia. Secara istilah dapat didefinisikan sebagai studi tentangteknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan keamanan informasi.Playfair merupakan digraphs cipher, artinya setiap proses enkripsi dilakukan pada setiap dua huruf.Adapun tujuan yang akan di capai adalah membuat aplikasi untuk pengamanan pada file text denganmenggunakan metode Playfair yang dapat mendukung proses perlindungan data yang tidak mudahdicuri dan tidak mudah dipecahkan yang dapat digunakan sebagai keamanan pada data-data yang sangatpenting.

Kriptografi (cryptography) merupakan ilmu dan seni untuk menjaga pesan agar aman. (Cryptography is the art and science of keeping messages secure) “Crypto” berarti “secret” (rahasia) dan “graphy” berarti “writing” (tulisan). Para pelaku atau praktisi kriptografi disebut cryptographers. Sebuah algoritma kriptografik (cryptographic algorithm), disebut cipher, merupakan persamaan matematik yangdigunakan untuk proses enkripsi dan dekripsi. Biasanya kedua persamaan matematik (untuk enkripsi dan dekripsi) tersebut memiliki hubungan matematis yang cukup erat. Enkripsi digunakan untuk menyandikan data-data atau informasi sehingga tidak dapat dibaca oleh orang yang tidak berhak. Dengan enkripsi data disandikan (encrypted) dengan menggunakan sebuah kunci (key). Untuk membuka (decrypt) data tersebut digunakan juga sebuah kunci yang sama dengan kunci untuk mengenkripsi (untuk kasus private key cryptography) atau dengan kunci yang berbeda (untuk kasus public key cryptography).

Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon under investigations Remote sensing data is of such nature and volume as to require it to be compatible with processing and outputing by computers. They are the easiest, fastest, and most efficient way to produce images, extract data sets, and assist in decision making. One special function is to assist in manipulating other kinds of data about the spatial or locational aspects of areas in the world that are the subjects of interpretation and decision making. The bulk of the data in such systems have in common a geographical significance, that is, they are tied to definite locations on the Earth. In this sense, they are similar to or actually make up what has become a powerful tool in decision making and management. The Image-Based Information System (IBIS) was developed in 1975 at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and is designed to be a comprehensive geographic information system that performs operations on raster image, tabular, and graphics format data, using the Video Image Communication And Retrieval (VICAR) image processing system. This was accomplished by the creation of a new VICAR-based file format for tabulating raster format geographic information over multiple data planes.