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The use of Cr (Chromium) in industry and daily life produces toxic waste harmful to humans and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of activated carbon from corn cobs as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) heavy metal. Corn cobs, which contain 40–44% cellulose, were carbonized at 500°C using 6% sodium carbonate and characterized with an IR spectrophotometer. Adsorption tests were conducted by varying pH and contact time to determine optimal conditions. FTIR results revealed functional groups such as C≡C stretch, C=C=C stretch, and C–O bend. After activation, O–H groups appeared, indicating the presence of aromatic compounds, which are typical in activated carbon. The optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption was pH 4, with an adsorption rate of 65.35%. The optimum contact time was 60 minutes, resulting in 3.2% Cr(VI) adsorbed and a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.089 mg/g. In conclusion, corn cobs are a promising, eco-friendly, and effective natural material for adsorbing Cr(VI) heavy metal ions.

  The current warming trend is a negative externality of human activities since the mid-1800s and is proceeding at a pace unprecedented over the past millennia, such as increased energy consumption leading to an increase in the concentration ofCO2 gas and other gases in the atmosphere. CO2 gas has the largest contribution to global warming at about 56%. Increased energy consumption that causes an increase inCO2 gas because the use of energy consumption in Indonesia is still dominated by fossil energy consumption produced from fossil fuels and often uses technology that is not environmentally friendly so that it can trigger an increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions which is the largest contributor to global warming. In response to this warming trend, Indonesia has ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 into Law Number 17 of 2004 and the Paris Agreement into Law Number 16 of 2016 in an effort to reduce the temperature rise limit to 1.5°C above the earth's temperature in pre-industrial times. The objectives of this study are (1) To analyze the effect of electricity consumption and fossil fuel consumption simultaneously on the negative externalities of GHG emissions in Indonesia. (2) To analyze the effect of electricity consumption and fossil fuel consumption partially on the negative externalities of GHG emissions in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data, with multiple linear analysis techniques. The results showed that (1) Electricity consumption and fossil fuel consumption simultaneously affect the negative externalities of GHG emissions in Indonesia. (2) Electricity consumption partially has a positive and significant effect on the negative externalities of GHG emissions in Indonesia. (3) Fossil fuel consumption partially has a positive and insignificant effect on the negative externalities of GHG emissions in Indonesia. Keywords: Greenhouse Gas, Negative Externalities, Energy Consumption, Electricity Consumption, Fossil Fuel Consumption

The Sewu Sambang Tourism Area is located in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province. This area has a unique culture and natural beauty that is very interesting to visit. Therefore, the design of this tourist area was carried out using a sustainable design approach. The design was carried out by considering aspects of ecological, social and economic sustainability. Ecological aspects are taken into account by selecting environmentally friendly building materials, good waste management and the use of renewable energy. Social aspects are taken into account by involving local communities in managing tourist areas and paying attention to local wisdom in design. The economic aspect is considered by building small and medium businesses that support tourist areas, so that they can increase the income of the surrounding community. The design of this tourist area involves sustainable land use, so that it does not damage the surrounding environment. The land used to build tourist attractions such as buildings, parks and parking lots is also adapted to the surrounding environmental conditions, so that it does not disturb the life of local flora and fauna. Apart from that, the use of renewable energy such as solar panels is also carried out to meet electricity needs in tourist areas. The design of this tourist area also pays attention to local wisdom by using building materials and furniture produced by local craftsmen. Apart from that, local wisdom is also demonstrated through art and cultural exhibitions, as well as the use of regional specialties. By designing a sustainable Sewu Sambang tourist area, it is hoped that it can improve the quality of life of the surrounding community, increase community income, and preserve local culture and environment.

The socialization of environmental ethics and environmental health awareness in children is a strategic step in forming a generation that cares, is responsible, and oriented towards the sustainability of natural resources. Children, as a growing age group, have great potential to internalize environmental values and apply them consistently into adulthood. This socialization activity was carried out in the elementary school environment with an interactive lecture and group discussion approach, designed to encourage active participation and deep understanding. The main goal of the activity is to increase children's environmental literacy, including understanding the importance of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, avoiding pollution, and maintaining the health of the surrounding environment. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about environmental and health issues, as well as a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly practices. Students show high enthusiasm during the activity, which is reflected in active involvement in discussions and commitment to implementing behaviors that support environmental sustainability. This socialization has proven to be effective in fostering environmental awareness and ethics from an early age, which is an important foundation for sustainable development. By equipping children with environmental knowledge and values, it is hoped that they can become agents of change in their respective communities. This kind of activity needs to be carried out continuously and integrated into the basic education curriculum, so that the impact can be wider and more sustainable. School-based socialization is a relevant and strategic approach in shaping a culture of environmental care in the future.

The socialization of environmental ethics and environmental health awareness in children is a strategic step in forming a generation that cares, is responsible, and oriented towards the sustainability of natural resources. Children, as a growing age group, have great potential to internalize environmental values and apply them consistently into adulthood. This socialization activity was carried out in the elementary school environment with an interactive lecture and group discussion approach, designed to encourage active participation and deep understanding. The main goal of the activity is to increase children's environmental literacy, including understanding the importance of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, avoiding pollution, and maintaining the health of the surrounding environment. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about environmental and health issues, as well as a positive attitude towards environmentally friendly practices. Students show high enthusiasm during the activity, which is reflected in active involvement in discussions and commitment to implementing behaviors that support environmental sustainability. This socialization has proven to be effective in fostering environmental awareness and ethics from an early age, which is an important foundation for sustainable development. By equipping children with environmental knowledge and values, it is hoped that they can become agents of change in their respective communities. This kind of activity needs to be carried out continuously and integrated into the basic education curriculum, so that the impact can be wider and more sustainable. School-based socialization is a relevant and strategic approach in shaping a culture of environmental care in the future.

Outdoor lighting, such as in community parks, plays a crucial role in supporting community activities at night while enhancing safety and comfort. Unfortunately, traditional electricity usage is often inefficient and has negative environmental impacts due to carbon emissions from fossil fuel-based power plants. This study aims to implement solar panel technology as an environmentally friendly lighting solution in Taman RukunWarga, located in Kelurahan Bendung, Kecamatan Kasemen, Kota Serang. The methods applied in this study include site surveys, assembly of the solar-powered lighting system, and performance analysis after installation. The lighting system consists of a 30 Wp solar panel, a battery (accumulator), a solar charge controller, a 12V 20W DC LED light, and other supporting components. The results show that this system can provide adequate and even lighting for the park area while being energy-efficient. One of the main advantages of this system is its ability to reduce operational costs by using renewable solar energy and requiring minimal maintenance. Additionally, the implementation of this solar-powered lighting system has increased public awareness of the importance of utilizing renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions in the surrounding environment. Overall, the installation of this solar-powered lighting system has proven to be a sustainable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative for meeting lighting needs in community parks. This system not only reduces dependence on fossil fuels but also contributes to efforts to mitigate negative environmental impacts. By utilizing solar energy, this system serves as a positive example of the application of renewable energy technology in daily life, while helping to create a cleaner and healthier environment for the community.

Tourism is currently a rapidly growing sector, particularly in line with social change and technological advancements. In this context, ecotourism is becoming an increasingly popular approach because it prioritizes the principles of environmental sustainability, local cultural preservation, and improving community welfare. One innovative form of ecotourism is the development of agroforestry-based tourism, which integrates environmentally friendly agricultural and forestry practices. One concrete example of this concept is the Dawuhan Kopi area in Semarang Regency. This area has developed a coffee forest farming system as a primary tourist attraction, aiming to combine nature conservation and community economic development. This study aims to comprehensively examine how coffee agroforestry management in Dawuhan Kopi is implemented as a form of ecotourism and to analyze various optimization efforts that have been and are being implemented. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, and documentation. The results reveal that the management of the coffee agroforestry area in Dawuhan Kopi still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of institutional framework, tourism product packaging, availability of supporting facilities, and local community empowerment. To address these issues, a comprehensive improvement strategy is needed, ranging from strengthening institutional capacity, innovation in tourism packages, developing basic infrastructure, and increasing active community participation in every management process. This research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of a sustainable agroforestry-based ecotourism model and serve as a reference for other regions with similar potential to implement the same concept adaptively and contextually.

The goal of this community service program is to increase the economic resilience of the Gunung Hejo Village community through the development of oyster mushroom cultivation, utilizing local potential sustainably. This activity is designed to reduce the community's dependence on traditional agriculture, which is vulnerable to market price fluctuations, climate uncertainty, and limited business diversification. Oyster mushroom cultivation was chosen as an alternative due to its broad market prospects, relatively simple production process, and the ability to produce high yields quickly.The method used in this program is participatory, educational, and applicable, with students and the community actively involved in every stage of the activity, from planning and outreach, technical training, to hands-on practice in making mushroom bags and maintaining oyster mushrooms. Intensive mentoring is provided to ensure the community not only understands the theory but also develops practical skills that can be applied independently. The results of this activity indicate that the community has successfully improved their understanding and technical skills related to oyster mushroom cultivation, including raw material selection, planting medium preparation, maintenance, and simple marketing strategies. Each baglog produced provides a sufficient yield for both household consumption and sale as a supplementary commodity, thus directly impacting local economic income. The implications of this program lie not only in the economic aspect but also in the development of an environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural business model that can be replicated in other villages with similar potential. Furthermore, this activity strengthens collaboration between academics and the community as a crucial foundation for building business independence and sustainability. Thus, this community service program makes a tangible contribution to rural economic empowerment based on local potential.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

Modern agriculture faces serious challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment and human health. To support sustainable food security, innovative and environmentally friendly solutions are required. One promising alternative is the use of endophytic bacteria as biological agents to enhance plant growth without relying on synthetic chemicals. This study aims to examine the role of endophytic bacteria in organic farming systems through a combination of laboratory tests and field experiments. The research stages include isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from plant tissues, testing the ability of the bacteria to support plant growth in vitro, and applying it to organic farmland to evaluate resistance to pests and crop yields. The independent variable in the study is the type of endophytic bacteria, while the dependent variables include plant growth rates, pest resistance, and crop productivity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, followed by post-hoc tests to determine the effectiveness of the treatments. The results showed that treatments with endophytic bacteria, both singular and combined, significantly improved vegetative growth, reduced pest attacks, and increased crop yields compared to the control. The combination of bacterial isolates proved to have a stronger synergistic effect than single treatments. These findings demonstrate the potential of endophytic bacteria as natural biofertilizers and biopesticides to support environmentally friendly organic farming.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of special guidance teachers at Madrasah Ar Roihan in implementing inclusive learning, as well as to analyze the pedagogical strategies applied in educating students with special needs. The implementation of inclusive education requires attention to a number of fundamental aspects, including the provision of a safe, comfortable, and friendly classroom environment for all students, including those with special needs. In addition, it is important to foster a school culture that upholds the values ​​given to differences and acceptance of diversity. The results of the study indicate that special guidance teachers have been able to create a learning atmosphere that supports the active participation of students with special needs. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of inclusive learning, the researcher conducted direct observations of classroom learning activities. These findings indicate the need for further training for special guidance teachers, in order to strengthen their professional competence in managing inclusive classes, designing adaptive curricula, and implementing learning strategies that are responsive to the individual needs of students. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of providing ongoing support for the development of the capacity of special guidance teachers, as a strategic effort to improve the quality of the implementation of inclusive education in educational units.

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. Bioplastics, particularly those derived from corn starch, offer a promising alternative because of their biodegradability and renewable origin. This article presents a narrative review analyzing the effects of various additives on the characteristics of corn starch-based bioplastics, including tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability. The review focuses on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025.  Three types of additives were examined: cellulose fibers, graphene oxide (GO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results show that the combination of starch and PVA with glycerol yields the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength (1.8 MPa), moderate water resistance 60%, and rapid biodegradation within 6–10 days. While cellulose improves mechanical properties, it tends to slow down the degradation rate. GO provides only slight enhancements in mechanical and water-resistant properties. Overall, the starch–PVA blend appears to be the most promising formulation for developing eco-friendly and applicable bioplastics in the future.

Creativity and innovation are essential aspects in developing entrepreneurial skills among students, especially in the field of handicrafts that focus on creating high-value products. This community service program aims to enhance the creativity and skills of fourth-semester Business Administration students through training in making simple flower vases decorated with pearl and diamond mat ornaments using wax glue. The method applied is project-based learning combined with a participatory approach, actively involving students in every stage from planning, implementation, to product evaluation. The training results show significant improvements in knowledge about flower vases and product innovation (54.5%), ornament attachment techniques (74.0%), design creativity (63.5%), and product aesthetics (38.3%). Intensive mentoring during practice encouraged students to develop creative designs that are not only visually appealing but also have high market value. This program not only improves students’ technical skills and creativity but also fosters the entrepreneurial spirit necessary to face increasingly competitive market challenges. Visual documentation serves as an important medium for evaluation and promotion of innovative student products. In conclusion, this training effectively develops students’ creative and innovative potential while opening sustainable and environmentally friendly business opportunities based on handicrafts.

Indonesia's rich natural resources offer immense potential for tourism development, with various locations evolving into popular tourist destinations. Kledung Pass, with its stunning views of three mountains, is an attractive stopover for travelers heading to cities across Java. Despite its popularity, however, there is no clear technical framework for designing rest areas in such locations. This study addresses the gap by proposing a new concept that reimagines rest areas as tourist destinations, providing brief yet meaningful stops for travelers. The research conducted surveys with road users to understand their rest needs while traveling. It focused on identifying key factors influencing the need for rest from a neuroscience perspective, considering both the physiological and psychological aspects. These findings were analyzed using William Peña’s space programming theory to develop appropriate design standards. The results indicated two main factors driving the need for temporary stopovers: physical fatigue from long journeys and emotional boredom. These findings underscore the necessity for spaces that cater to both physical relaxation and mental rejuvenation, creating a more holistic rest area experience. The proposed design standards move beyond traditional rest areas, integrating recreational features to enhance user experience. The design that considers the effective zoning layout and the use of environmentally friendly materials is expected to be able to create an economically efficient rest area, while providing a positive experience that is environmentally friendly. Overall, planning non-toll rest areas with neuroarchitectural principles can create functional rest areas that support mental health, as well as strengthen Indonesia's tourism appeal through sustainable and highquality space experiences.

This study aims to explore the strategies employed by local fishermen in practicing environmentally friendly fishing at Olo Beach, Belawan, North Sumatra. The research is motivated by the declining fish catches, which have raised collective awareness among the fishermen about the need to sustain marine ecosystems. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with selected fishermen. The findings reveal that fishermen have adopted several adaptive strategies, including limiting the number and size of fish caught, avoiding the use of destructive fishing tools, and maintaining the tradition of mutual cooperation in preparing fishing equipment. These strategies emerged from shared experience and community consensus, without formal government regulation. The results highlight the potential of grassroots initiatives in contributing to marine conservation. Therefore, it is essential for the government and related institutions to support these local practices through education, provision of sustainable fishing technology, and the development of alternative livelihoods for coastal communities.

This study aims to design a smart home system leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) concept by utilizing the Wemos D1 microcontroller combined with fuzzy logic to improve home energy management and safety. The hardware development process involves integrating a PIR sensor for motion detection, a DHT11 sensor for measuring temperature and humidity, and actuators including relays for lighting and a solenoid lock for doors. The system is operated remotely using the Blynk platform and supports notification alerts through Telegram. Testing results confirm that the prototype is capable of controlling devices, tracking environmental data in real time, and effectively sending alerts when movement is detected. Overall, the system presents a practical, responsive, and user-friendly smart home solution that enhances user convenience and household security.

Industrial waste management is a crucial aspect of maintaining environmental sustainability and the health of communities around industrial areas. This study aims to empower the community through education on industrial waste management at Jordan Bakery Factory in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The methods used were participatory observation and interviews with the waste management staff at the factory. The results of the community service show that the factory has implemented a good system for managing liquid and solid waste, including a liquid waste filtration process and economic utilization of solid waste. In addition, the service team also prepared educational materials in the form of pamphlets containing information about types of waste, proper management methods, and the environmental impact of waste. This education is expected to increase awareness and participation among the community and factory workers in responsible waste management. This study contributes positively to environmentally friendly and sustainable industrial waste management in the Kendari area

Zodia leaves (Evodia suaveolens) are endemic plants of Indonesia originating from Papua, widely known for their natural mosquito-repelling properties. Traditionally, local communities use these leaves by rubbing them directly onto the skin to avoid mosquito and insect bites. Zodia leaves contain active compounds that produce a distinctive aroma disliked by mosquitoes, making them an effective natural repellent. One of the diseases transmitted by mosquitoes is malaria, which attacks human red blood cells and is spread through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. A high population of mosquito larvae and adults in an area increases the risk of malaria transmission. Although vector control is commonly carried out using synthetic insecticides that provide rapid results, these chemicals may lead to negative effects such as insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and environmental pollution. Therefore, safer and more sustainable alternatives for vector control are urgently needed. The use of zodia leaves as a natural mosquito repellent is considered effective and environmentally friendly. This potential should be further explored as an alternative solution in the prevention of vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria, using an approach that prioritizes public health and environmental sustainability.

This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of daily activities at the Sukomoro Red Onion Market, Nganjuk, and to formulate a sustainable environmental management strategy. The market is an important trading center for local farmers, but dense trading activities have the potential to cause significant environmental impacts. This study uses direct observation methods to identify sources of environmental impacts, as well as analysis of related documents to assess the effectiveness of existing policies. The results of the study indicate that market activities have an impact on air quality, waste management, and noise. Air pollution is caused by vehicle emissions and organic waste, while suboptimal waste management results in additional pollution. The proposed strategic recommendations include more effective waste management, increasing public awareness through education, and implementing renewable energy to reduce environmental impacts. By implementing this strategy, it is hoped that the market can operate more environmentally friendly and sustainable, providing benefits to the surrounding community and maintaining the ecosystem. With this research, it is hoped that it can be a lesson for market managers and authorities in formulating better policies to maintain environmental sustainability.

Physical modification of starch using microwave heat treatment (MHT) technology serves as an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to enhance the functional properties of starch without chemical additives. This article aims to examine the influence of microwave power and heating duration on the swelling power and solubility of various starch types, including tapioca, taro, sago, and lotus rhizome. A review of four studies revealed that power and time parameters significantly affect the crystalline structure of starch granules, resulting in either enhancement or reduction of their functional properties. High power or prolonged heating may decrease swelling power due to crystal restructuring and granule disruption, while solubility increases as a result of amylose and amylopectin degradation. MHT has proven to accelerate the heating process in a volumetric and efficient manner, improving water absorption capacity and viscosity. Despite its drawback of uneven heat distribution, this method remains relevant as a physical modification technique aligned with green processing principles in the food industry.