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Background Back : Development motor fine is one of the aspect important in grow flower child age preschool that plays a role in support readiness learning and activities everyday . However , it is not all child experience optimal development so required proper stimulation . One of the methods that can used is exercise brain (brain gym), namely a series movement simple with purpose optimize function brain . Purpose Research : Research This aim For know effectiveness of Brain Gym on development motor smooth on children ages 3–5 years in the work area Subdistrict Batam City. Research methods​ This use pre- experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest approach . Sample A total of 31 children were taken use total sampling technique . Measurement development motor fine done using KPSP before and after intervention . Data analysis was carried out with paired sample t-test. Results: Research results show existence improvement development motor fine after given brain gym intervention . Before intervention , partly big child is in the category development doubtful (64.5%), whereas after intervention all over children (100%) are in the category in accordance development . Statistical test results show p -value = 0.000 (<0.05), which means there is influence significant effect of brain gym on development motor fine child . Conclusion: research This show that Brain Gym is effective in increase development motor fine child age preschool . Therefore that , Brain Gym can recommended as method stimulation development children in the neighborhood education and public.

journal articles on improving the quality of historical tourism objects are the results of research that is updated from previous research. Historical tourism is always closely related to locations that are related to conditions in the past. The more sophisticated the technology, the higher the quality of the historical tourism object. This is our sample, we take the Merdeka building and the Asian-African Conference museum as the result of this study, although several researchers have previously studied it with the latest one. By using quantitative methods and also respondents from the community and also respondents who are familiar with the Merdeka building and the Asian-African Conference museum, as well as observations of current facilities and infrastructure to reflect the improvement and resilience of the Merdeka building and the Asian-African Conference museum for tourists around. The results of this study are the Asian-African conference museum, it can be concluded that the Merdeka building and the Asian-African conference are not open to the public even though only a few people visit the museum, and the situation around the museum is very conducive. The purpose of the Asian-African conference museum and the Merdeka building as historical tourism objects is to be able to get to know more deeply, understand history, share knowledge, and be able to appreciate the existence of the Asian-African history conference.

This study aims to explain the cultural values ​​contained in the Kinanti – Dhat song, which is the original soundtrack (OST) of the film KKN di Desa Penari. This song was chosen because it contains strong Javanese cultural elements and has a symbolic meaning that is closely related to the film's story. This study uses an anthropolinguistic approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data were analyzed through text studies and cultural contexts to reveal the hidden meanings in the song lyrics. The results of the study indicate the existence of cultural values ​​that reflect beliefs in supernatural powers and ancestral spirits, the importance of maintaining balance in life, and awareness of ethics, morals, and social norms. In addition, this song also conveys teachings to always be vigilant, protect oneself from bad influences, and uphold local traditions. These findings indicate that the Kinanti – Dhat song not only has aesthetic value, but is also full of cultural values ​​that are important to understand and preserve.  

The This study examines the debate surrounding the first created being in Islamic cosmology, where various opinions exist. Some argue that the first creation was the Pen (al-Qalam), while others claim it was the Throne (‘Arsh), the air, or the Light of Muhammad (Nur Muhammad). The main issue addressed is the limited and fragmented information found in classical hadith sources regarding the sequence and nature of the initial creation. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing the chapter Bad’ al-Khalq (The Beginning of Creation) in key hadith collections. The findings show that although some hadiths mention early creations such as the characteristics of heaven and hell, the seven layers of the earth, and angels, detailed and systematic narratives about the order of the first created beings remain scarce. Various views on who or what was created first appear in the literature, ranging from al-Qalam and ‘Arsh to Nur Muhammad, but no absolute consensus has been reached. This study aims to fill that gap by compiling and analyzing relevant hadiths to provide a more focused and in-depth perspective on the first created being and the sequence of creation. Additionally, this research emphasizes the theological and cosmological significance of these beings and their implications for understanding the structure and purpose of the universe. It is hoped that the results of this study will enrich the body of Islamic scholarship and encourage deeper reflection on the orderliness and existence of Allah’s creation.

Pura Goa Giri Putri is one of the spiritual tourism destinations located in Nusa Penida District, Klungkung Regency. This temple is situated at an altitude of approximately 150 meters above sea level and has a total length of about 262 meters. Pura Goa Giri Putri offers sacred spiritual value and unique natural features, yet it has not received optimal exposure in the digital realm. This study aims to design a marketing model for the eco-spiritual tourism of Pura Goa Giri Putri, Nusa Penida, Klungkung Regency, by utilizing social media as an effective promotional tool. A qualitative approach was employed in this research, with data collected through in-depth interviews with temple managers, tourism office representatives, community leaders, and tourists. The data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method supported by SWOT analysis. The findings reveal that the primary strengths of this tourist attraction lie in its spiritual significance and natural uniqueness within the Pura Goa Giri Putri cave. The main weakness is the limited digital promotion. Opportunities include the growing trend of spiritual tourism and the increasing use of social media, while the main threat is competition from other destinations that are more digitally prominent. Based on the SWOT analysis, a digital marketing strategy was formulated through social media, emphasizing the creation of strong visual and narrative content, collaboration with tourism influencers, and the optimization of platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok. This marketing strategy in the form of a social media-based marketing model is expected to serve as a reference for promoting and marketing the existence of Eco-Spiritual Tourism at Pura Goa Giri Putri, especially in the island region of Nusa Penida.

This study examines the implementation of the local workforce priority policy in Bekasi Regency during the first six months of the new Regent's leadership (January–June 2025). Although Bekasi is known as a large industrial area with extensive job opportunities, February 2025 data shows that the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) remains high, at 8.87%, or far above the national average. This condition indicates that the policy based on Regional Regulation (Perda) No. 4 of 2016 has not been running optimally. The analysis results show that the policy implementation faces structural obstacles, one of which is the practice of co-optation in the form of brokering, nepotism, and rent-seeking, which undermine the principle of meritocracy. This situation has resulted in a decline in the quality of human resources recruited by companies and limited opportunities for local job seekers who actually have adequate competence. This report also discusses the legal aspects of the local priority policy, which essentially must be consistent with the principle of non-discrimination and the Supreme Court's decision emphasizing the importance of professionalism in the workplace. Thus, the existence of this policy is not only related to job opportunities, but also concerns the integrity of labor governance. To increase its effectiveness in the future, a comprehensive strategy is needed that includes strengthening regulations to be more adaptive to industry dynamics, increasing transparency and accountability in the recruitment process, developing the capacity of local human resources through targeted training programs, and strict monitoring and law enforcement mechanisms against abuses of authority. Through this integrated effort, it is hoped that the local labor priority policy in Bekasi Regency will not only be a formal instrument but will also be able to have a real impact in reducing unemployment and strengthening the competitiveness of the local workforce amidst the currents of industrial globalization.

The development of information technology, particularly the internet and social media, has significantly impacted how the Church functions and interacts with its congregation. This transformation is not only technological but also touches upon fundamental theological aspects. This article aims to examine the changes in the meaning, function, and identity of the Church in the context of digitalization, with a focus on comparing the pre-internet and post-internet eras. Through a systematic theological approach, this analysis explores how the Church, as a community of faith and a spiritual organism, must re-understand its existence amidst the increasingly dominant presence of digital media in believers' lives.In the pre-internet era, church life revolved around physical gatherings, conventional liturgies, and direct spiritual authority. However, in the digital age, new forms of ministry have emerged, such as online worship services, virtual communities, and the dissemination of the Word through social media and other digital platforms. These changes offer opportunities to reach a broader audience but also pose serious challenges such as digital individualism, theological distortion, and a crisis of spiritual authority.This article concludes that the Church needs to develop adaptive ministry strategies while remaining faithful to the essence of Christian spirituality. By maintaining a balance between online and offline ministries and strengthening theological understanding amidst the rapid flow of information, the Church can remain relevant and effective in carrying out its mission.

Opposition is an important element in a democratic system that functions as a mechanism of control over power. In the context of Indonesian constitutionality, the existence of the opposition is a prerequisite for the realization of a healthy and effective democracy. However, in practice, the term opposition is often equated with the principle of checks and balances, thus causing a blur of meaning between the two. This paper aims to examine the paradigm of the opposition in the Pancasila democratic system and analyze the relationship between the opposition and the principle of checks and balances in the Indonesian constitutional system. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, through a conceptual approach and a legislative approach. An analysis was carried out on the doctrines of constitutional law and provisions in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia related to the implementation of opposition and the principle of checks and balances. This approach was chosen to explore legal issues in depth and find a comprehensive understanding of the role of the opposition in the Indonesian constitutional system. The results of the study show that even though Indonesia does not adhere to a parliamentary or presidential system with two parties, the implementation of the opposition is still relevant and carried out with attention to the values of consensus in Pancasila democracy. The opposition in Indonesia is not confrontational, but constructive and oriented towards strengthening the system of supervision of power. Opposition and the principle of checks and balances are two concepts that are terminologically different, but interrelated and inseparable in Indonesian constitutional practice. Both serve as important instruments in maintaining the balance of power and ensuring accountability in the administration of government. Thus, a proper understanding of the opposition paradigm and the principle of checks and balances is the key to strengthening constitutional democracy in Indonesia.

The purpose of this community service is to educate the concept of Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Circulating Money to the community in Medan Belawan District. The specific target in this community service is that the Berkah Waste Bank workers in Medan Belawan Subdistrict know what Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Money Circulating to the Community in Medan Belawan Subdistrict, how to apply them to become household income opportunities, for example by becoming a new source of income from saving household waste that has been applied so that they can read the economic and environmental problems that occur. The materials presented in this community service are: what is a Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Circulating Money, how the impact of the Waste Bank on income from household waste. Which is related to improving household welfare through community knowledge / understanding related to Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Circulating Money. From this community service, the results show that with the existence of the Waste Bank, the application of the Green Economy concept can be seen from the collection of household waste easily collected at the Waste Bank, the community becomes a customer, has savings, withdraws money, then continues consumption shopping from the money, which means there is buying and selling activity in the market because there is money circulating in the community. This affects economic activity in the Medan Belawan sub-district.

Bankruptcy regulations in Indonesia, particularly in Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, are often contentious due to the absence of strict limitations on the filing of bankruptcy petitions. This has the potential to ensnare debtors who are still financially solvent, overriding the principle that bankruptcy should be the last resort in debt settlement.  Law Number 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations only requires the existence of two creditors with debts that are due and collectible through simple proof. This study aims to analyze in depth the legal arrangements and determination of insolvency in Law Number 37 of 2004. By using a normative juridical research method, as well as a statute approach that focuses on Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and other related regulations, secondary data will be collected through literature studies. Insolvency is defined as a condition where the debtor's total debt to all creditors exceeds the value of all its assets, otherwise known as a state of inability to pay. In Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, the term "insolvency" differs from commonly used terms, such as balance sheet insolvency, which means debts exceeding assets, or cash flow insolvency, which means the inability to pay debts due to liquidity.  Unlike the practice in the common law system, the determination of insolvency in Indonesia does not involve mandatory financial audits or court decisions based on independent financial analysis.

The standard of proof is the foundation that keeps the criminal justice system from turning into a repressive tool to prevent state power from imposing arbitrary sentences. However, in the midst of technological developments, it has created an unstable evidence landscape that threatens the continuity of the legitimacy of the law itself without a standard of proof that can be objectively verified. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method is collected using literature studies, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that maintaining the existence of the standard of proof is no longer adequate if it is not accompanied by a responsible and adaptive reformulation to the complexity of contemporary evidence. Exploration of alternative forms of evidence offers opportunities to increase precision and transparency that have been difficult to achieve with traditional mechanisms, but all of these innovations can only contribute constructively if they are placed within a strict legal and ethical framework, given the inherent risks such as algorithmic bias, the reduction of judicial convictions to statistics without context, and gaps in accountability between jurisdictions in the application of forensic technology.

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the behavior and outlining the strategies implemented by Pertamini retail gasoline traders in maintaining their businesses after the establishment of a gas station in Umbulan Village. The use of methods in this research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. In this study, it was found that the behavior of Pertamini retail gasoline traders after the establishment of a gas station in Umbulan Village is more dominantly influenced by external factors from the surrounding environment or market conditions such as the gas station's operating hours, the shift of customers to the gas station, and the proximity to the gas station in Umbulan Village. Thus, the Pertamini retail gasoline traders demonstrate resilience by adapting to market changes and remaining focused on their main objectives, as reflected in their commitment to keep their business open every day despite having few customers. Traders also build close relationships with local customers and suppliers, which are not only based on economic transactions but also on social relations. Although there are disputes between the retail gasoline traders and the Umbulan Village gas station, the traders strive to maintain good relationships. Then, the traders maintain their relationship patterns through good communication and close social interactions, which highlight the importance of social norms in maintaining harmonious relationships. By implementing adaptation strategies, achieving goals, integration, and maintaining good relationship patterns, they strive to survive in the increasingly fierce competition.

The heirs' clause in the credit agreement raises legal problems because it concerns the attachment of third parties. This study aims to analyze the inclusion of heirs' clauses based on privity of contract and its legal implications for legal protection for creditors and heirs. Normative juridical method has used with regulatory and conceptual approach. The results shown that the heir's attachment clause in a credit agreement does not necessarily bind the heirs automatically because the privity of contract limits the engagement only to the parties who made the agreement. This is based on the existence of the principle of saisine in Civil Law and the principle of ijbari in Islamic Law where the heir automatically becomes the owner of the heir's legacy. However, the attachment that arises is only limited to the management of heritage property before it is distributed as inheritance. The applicability of the clause must also take into account whether there is an inheritance by the heirs, because the liability for the heir's debts only arises if the inheritance is received. If the inheritance is rejected, the creditor cannot impose payment obligations on the heirs even though there is an attachment clause. On the other hand, Islamic Law has emphasized that inheritance received by heirs is only inheritance that has been reduced by burdens, including the heir's debt. Therefore, the inclusion of the heir's clause is only a notification that reminds the heirs that there are still unfulfilled heirs' obligations, namely debts.  

Marriage in Indonesia is not only regulated by positive law, but also influenced by customary values, such as the tradition of uang panai in the Bugis community in Limpomajang which functions as a form of respect and responsibility for the prospective groom. This research uses a normative juridical method with an analytical descriptive approach to examine the existence of uang panai in the national legal system. The results show that uang panai is part of customary law that remains recognized as long as it does not conflict with laws and regulations and the principle of public order. Therefore, proper understanding from the community and legal apparatus is needed to accommodate customary elements within the framework of national law.

PT. The Indonesian China Fast Train is one of the companies operating in the field of public transportation services under the auspices of the government which was inaugurated directly by the President of Indonesia, namely Mr. Jokowi, who collaborates directly with China. This research aims at the Role of Public Relations Expert Prescriber PT. KCIC in building Brand Awareness for the Fast Train whoosh, the Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC as Communication Facilitator in building Brand Awareness regarding the Whoosh Fast Train, Role of Public Relations PT. KCIC in Communication Technician to build Brand Awareness of the Whoosh Fast Train, the Role of Public Relations as a Problem Solving Facilitator in handling the issue of the Whoosh Fast Train "Whoosh" Fast Train. The approach used in this research is qualitative with descriptive methods using data collection techniques, documentation and direct interviews with informants. Using triangulation techniques and data analysis using Dozier & Broom's Public Relations Role theory in Ruslan (2020). For the information obtained, 2 informants were interviewed, consisting of key informants, supporting informants and 1 triangulation. The results of this research found that PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia China's public relations will continue to provide updated information using social media and the available the public continues to remember the existence of the Whoosh Fast Train.

The third amendment to Law Number 1 of 2025 on State-Owned Enterprises has presented several juridical issues that need to be studied in depth, one of which is related to the establishment of the Daya Anagata Nusantara Investment Management Agency (Danantara). One of the main issues is the lack of public participation in drafting regulations, both at the planning stage and the formulation of legal norms. In addition, the existence of Danantara, which adopts the Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) model, raises the potential for overlap with a similar institution, the Indonesia Investment Authority (INA), which was established earlier. Provisions regarding the filling of organ positions, exceptions to the definition of state finances and losses, and weak external oversight mechanisms further strengthen concerns about irregularities in governance. These conditions are potentially at odds with the general principles of good governance (AAUPB), the Law on Government Administration, the Law on State Ministries, and the Law on the Eradication of Corruption. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the establishment of the Daya Anagata Nusantara Investment Management Agency (Danantara), focusing on the legal basis for its establishment and its compatibility with the principles of constitutional law and government administration in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

This research conducts an analysis of the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) implementation on industry value, with profitability serving as a connecting variable in manufacturing industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) throughout the period 2016 to 2020. GCG is assessed through several aspects, namely the size of the board of commissioners, the proportion of independent commissioners, management ownership, institutional ownership, and the existence and quality of the audit committee. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), while industry value is evaluated using Tobin's Q and Price to Book Value (PBV). Illustrations were taken using a purposive sampling method, creating 10 manufacturing industries that met certain criteria. To test the direct and indirect effects of GCG on industry value through profitability, path analysis was used with the Baron and Kenny approach and the Sobel test.  

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium sp which is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. The spread and endemicity of malaria is greatly influenced by the existence of breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes as a result of human behavior. Papua still has the highest malaria endemic status in Indonesia. West Koya Community Health Center, based on data from the Jayapura City Health Service, has the highest number of malaria cases with the highest API figure of the 13 Community Health Centers. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of community behavior on malaria at the Koya Barat Health Center. This type of analytical research uses a crosectional study. The population is 14,442 people who visited the Koya Barat Health Center in 2022, with a sample size of 100 people calculated based on the Slovin formula. Data were analyzed bivariately using the chi square test and risk factor analysis calculating prevalence ratio (RP) values ​​with confidence intervals (CI 95%). Based on the results of the chi square test, it was found that the knowledge variable had an influence with a ρ-value = 0.049 ≤ 0.05, meaning that there was an influence of the respondent's knowledge on the incidence of malaria. Risk analysis obtained RP = 1.441; 95% CI (0.783 – 1.854) which is interpreted to mean that respondents with poor knowledge have a 1.144 times chance of suffering from malaria compared to respondents with good knowledge but it is not significant because the lower and upper values ​​exceed 1. Meanwhile, the results obtained for the attitude and action variables have no effect on However, malaria is a risk factor because the RP value is > 1 but is not significant because the 95% CI exceeds 1. 

The role and responsibilities of Regional Regulations differ based on the principles and practices stated in the Constitution/UUD and the Regional Government Law. This role is important in ensuring that every regional legal product produced has good substantive and procedural quality. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the existence of the Gorontalo Regional Office of the Ministry of Law in improving the quality of regional legal products produced. The method used in this study is an empirical research type, namely legal research based on the reality that researchers obtain in accordance with data in the field. The Gorontalo Regional Office of Law also pays attention to the principle of public participation. In every mentoring process, the regional government involves the community and stakeholders in the preparation of regional regulations. This is an embodiment of the principle of democracy in a state of law, where the law does not only come from above (top-down), but also from below (bottom-up). This strengthens the legitimacy of the law in the eyes of the community and ensures the sustainability of the implementation of these regulations. The existence of the Gorontalo Regional Office of the Ministry of Law plays a central role in efforts to improve the quality of regional legal products. Through the functions of harmonization, consultation, and legal education that are continuously carried out to local governments and stakeholders, the Regional Office contributes greatly to ensuring that every regional regulation produced meets formal legal aspects, but also reflects justice.