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Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), also known as secondary cataract, is the most common complication following cataract surgery, particularly extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). PCO results from the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of residual lens epithelial cells within the posterior capsule, leading to the formation of structures such as Elsching pearls and Soemmering rings. The incidence of PCO is notably high among pediatric patients due to the increased mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells. Major risk factors include younger age, certain ocular conditions such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, as well as the design and material of the implanted intraocular lens (IOL). Diagnosis is established through slit-lamp and ophthalmoscopic examinations, with decreased visual acuity being the primary clinical symptom. The current mainstay of treatment is Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, which is effective and minimally invasive but may be associated with complications such as cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Preventive strategies focus on improved surgical techniques and appropriate IOL selection. With proper intervention, the incidence of PCO can be reduced, thereby improving postoperative visual outcomes.

Complications of pregnancy and childbirth as the highest cause of maternal mortality can be prevented by examining pregnancy through regular ANC Antenatal service standards include conducting physical examinations including inspection, palpation and auscultation. In addition to physical examination, counseling and counseling is one of the standards in antenatal care (Ministry of Health, 2020). The high incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in West Sulawesi makes it very necessary to provide education on the prevention of DHF in pregnant women because dengue infection in pregnancy can cause the risk of bleeding for the mother. Community service activities aim to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about fetal development so as to minimize the incidence of emergencies in pregnancy and increase awareness of dengue fever mosquito breeding. Dengue fever infection in pregnancy. The implementation method includes an approach in the form of a pregnancy examination and providing education related to dengue fever prevention. The results of community service activities show that on May 10, 2025, pregnancy checks were carried out for 10 pregnant women and education related to dengue fever prevention was provided.

Pulmonary function disorders are commonly underdiagnosed health issues, especially in urban areas with high air pollution and prevalent smoking habits. Early detection through spirometry plays a crucial role in the promotion and prevention of respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, public awareness and access to spirometry remain limited, including in the Tanjung Duren Selatan subdistrict of West Jakarta. This community service program was conducted using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle management approach. The target population consisted of productive-age residents willing to participate in health education and lung function screening. Spirometry examinations were conducted alongside interactive counseling about respiratory health and risk factors. Evaluation was carried out through spirometry results and participant satisfaction surveys. A total of 92 participants took part in the activity, consisting of 70 females (76.1%) and 22 males (23.9%), with a mean age of 43.78 years (SD ±12.93). The average Vital Capacity (VC) was 2.26 L, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) was 2.13 L, and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) was 1.95 L. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 107.12%, with 100% of participants showing normal lung function. This activity demonstrates that spirometry is an effective tool for monitoring lung function and increasing community awareness. Similar screening initiatives should be expanded to support early detection of respiratory disorders at the community level.

This research explores Ōta Shōgo’s The Water Station using a biographical lens, concentrating on three key aspects of absurdist theater: the Anti-Hero, Anti-Dialogue, and Anti-Climax. Breaking away from conventional storytelling methods, the play introduces a cast of anonymous characters who move gradually and silently across the stage, briefly stopping at a leaking water pipe. These characters represent the Anti-Hero—individuals lacking a distinct purpose, choice, or identity. The performance's lack of spoken words introduce a powerful Anti-Dialogue component, substituting conversation with silence and physical gestures, which symbolically mirrors the playwright’s experiences of trauma and disillusionment following the war. Moreover, the story does not follow a typical climax or conclusion, utilizing Anti-Climax to highlight the meaningless repetition inherent in human life. Through an examination of Ōta’s personal history—especially his experiences of displacement during World War II and his interest in the concepts of time, slowness, and stillness—this paper illustrates how these influences shaped the play's form and tone. The study emphasizes that non-Western absurdist art can arise from deeply personal and historical backgrounds. Ultimately, The Water Station creates a reflective theatrical experience where silence communicates more than spoken words, encouraging viewers to engage with the themes of emptiness, ambiguity, and the quiet beauty of existence.

This normative legal study examines the potential and challenges of implementing restorative justice approaches in cases involving corporate perpetrators within Indonesia's criminal justice system. The research employs statute, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze legal principles, norms, and court decisions related to corporate criminal liability and restorative justice mechanisms. Through comprehensive literature review of international academic databases and examination of Indonesia's legal framework, including the New Criminal Code of 2023 and Prosecutor's Regulation No. 15 of 2020, the study reveals that restorative justice offers a transformative alternative to traditional retributive models by prioritizing restoration, rehabilitation, and reconciliation between corporate offenders, victims, and affected communities. The dual track system selective model emerges as the most appropriate framework for corporate restorative justice implementation, enabling selective application while maintaining prosecutorial discretion for serious offenses. However, significant challenges persist, including the absence of specific regulatory frameworks for corporate actors, structural complexities arising from the non-personified nature of corporate entities, and profound power imbalances between corporations and victims that threaten process integrity. The study demonstrates that successful implementation requires comprehensive legal reforms, enhanced institutional capacity, robust victim support mechanisms, and safeguards against corporate manipulation. The research concludes that while restorative justice holds considerable promise for enhancing corporate accountability and victim restoration, effective implementation is contingent upon establishing clear legal frameworks, technical guidelines, and protective measures that address inherent power asymmetries between corporate offenders and their victims.

Fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs is becoming more common and is causing unrest in society. The method used by the wrongdoers often involves making false promises and tricking others to gain personal benefits illegally. This study aims to look into how Article 378 of the Criminal Code applies to a fraud case in the buying and selling of projects and jobs in South Lampung, focusing on the Tanjung Karang District Court decision Number 467/PID.B/2023/PN TJK. The study uses a legal method that focuses on laws and specific case studies. Data were collected through literature reviews and examination of relevant court decisions. According to the discussion results, it is clear that the crime of fraud elements, as described in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, are present in this case. The accused was found to have committed deceit and told a series of lies that caused the victim to suffer financial losses. The court ruled that the accused was guilty and gave a sentence that matched the actions taken. The use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code in this case is seen as appropriate, providing protection for the victim and discouraging the offender. The conclusion of this study is that criminal law can effectively address fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs if there is strong evidence and proper legal procedures.

The coaching system for drug convicts is carried out in correctional institutions, where Correctional Institutions are a form of criminal punishment (imprisonment). In the rehabilitation process, victims of narcotics abuse are not objects but subjects. Criminal punishment (punishment) is not merely giving suffering to deter, but an element of guidance and coaching with the aim that lawbreakers can realize their mistakes and not repeat their actions again, and can return to society and carry out their social functions properly. The purpose of this study was to find out the concept of fostering convicts through rehabilitation, Implementation of Rehabilitation of Narcotics Prisoners in Lubuk Pakam Class II B Prison, Effectiveness of implementing Narcotics Rehabilitation in Lubuk pakam Class II B. This research is included in the descriptive research with the type of empirical juridical research using qualitative analysis methods.From the results of the research it is known that the concept of rehabilitation in the process of coaching prisoners is aimed not only at the mentality of prisoners but also treating dependence on narcotics themselves so that prisoners can recover physically and mentally. Implementation of rehabilitation is based on the provisions of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and several rules for the implementation of rehabilitation, the Implementation of Fehabilitation in the Class IIB Lubuk Pakam Penitentiary includes medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The implementation of medical rehabilitation includes the Health Examination Stage, the Detoxification Stage, the mental and emotional stability stage of the sufferer. While social rehabilitation includes personality development and independence development and the application of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation at the Lubuk Pakam Class IIB Penitentiary is quite effective in reducing the repetition rate (recidivist) of convicts who have completed their sentence, convicts who have served a period of detention have recovered from dependence on narcotics, but the environment outside the prison can affect the re-use by inmates.

This financial performance study is vital for responsible a corporation's financial success. The goal the purpose of this research is to discover and investigate the effects of excellent corporate governance and firm scope on financial results. The dependent variable analyzed in this study is financial results, with the independent factors being the following proportion of board members, management equity, institutional investment, audit board, and firm size. This study relies on secondary data. The population includes 196 manufacturing firms. This study also incorporated data from 38 manufacturing businesses publicly listen the samples, taken from the Indonesia Standard Conversation (IDX). Were chosen through a purposive sample method strategy, yielding 114 samples during a three-year period spanning 2021 to 2023. This research employed manifold reversion examination, which was carried out according to the findings of this study, which were analyzed by the SPSS (Arithmetical Creation then Facility Answers) appeal. The proportions of commission board, management equity, and institutional investment significantly affect the company’s financial results. These companies' financial performance, however, is unaffected by the audit board or company size.  

Digital developments in the financing system for issuing Drug Examination Result Certificates (SKHPN) have had a significant impact on improving administrative governance in the health and legal sectors in Indonesia. This study uses an empirical legal approach with a juridical-sociological method to analyze the use of information technology in payment mechanisms and governance of SKHPN services. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, questionnaire distribution, and studies of regulations, including Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024. The findings show that the digitalization process of financing has a positive impact on shortening bureaucratic channels, accelerating service verification, and encouraging budget transparency and accountability. The implementation of an integrated health information system as regulated in Articles 371 to 378 of Law Number 17 of 2023 also strengthens service management through real-time and traceable digital recording. Meanwhile, PP No. 28 of 2024 emphasizes the importance of using electronic payment systems, transparency of financial reporting, and public involvement in service supervision. Although there are still obstacles such as limited infrastructure and low digital literacy, digitalization in SKHPN financing has proven to be a strategic step in realizing adaptive, open and inclusive public services in accordance with the direction of technology-based health policies.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a condition in which the sensory retina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium due to a retinal tear that allows vitreous fluid to accumulate in the subretinal space. It is an ophthalmologic emergency that may result in permanent blindness if not managed promptly and appropriately. This case report aims to describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with sudden blurred vision in the right eye, accompanied by floaters, photopsia, and discomfort. The patient had a history of bilateral cataracts and underwent vitrectomy. Data were collected from medical records and supporting examinations, confirming the diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Management included topical therapy, systemic medication, bed rest, and surgical intervention. Clinical improvement was observed postoperatively. This report highlights the importance of early detection and timely treatment to preserve visual function.  

Vertigo is defined as dizziness, namely an unpleasant, moving illusions. A case of a 36 years old woman came to the polyclinic with complaints that her head felt dizzy and spinning since 3 days before entering the hospital and was getting worse. After history, physical and supporting examination, the patients was diagnosed with BPPV.

A 52-year-old female patient presented to the non-communicable disease clinic at the Banda Baro Community Health Center with complaints of pain in the right toe joint for the past two weeks. The pain was described as severe, especially when touched or moved. The patient reported that the toe initially became red and swollen, but the redness had subsided by the time she arrived at the clinic. The patient also complained of feeling weak and occasional tingling in the tips of her toes. She admitted to frequently consuming chicken liver and other offal. She mentioned having experienced a similar condition previously, and previous examinations indicated elevated uric acid levels. She had previously taken allopurinol two years ago, obtained from the health center, to alleviate her symptoms. On physical examination, the patient's blood pressure was 120/70 mmHg, heart rate 87 beats per minute, respiratory rate 19 breaths per minute, and temperature 36.5°C. The patient was prescribed allopurinol 2x100 mg. Primary data was obtained through anamnesis and physical examination by conducting home visits, filling out family folders, and completing patient records. Assessment was based on the initial, ongoing, and final holistic diagnosis of the visit.  Interventions included education on the importance of clean and healthy living habits, avoiding risk factors, medication adherence, and preventing complications that may arise due to hyperuricemia.

Uric acid (UA) is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines, which are natural compounds found in the body and can be found in various types of foods such as alcohol, shellfish, and liver. Hyperuricemia is caused by increased uric acid production, decreased excretion, or a combination of both processes. Most people with hyperuricemia are asymptomatic (85% to 90%), but increased levels of uric acid in the blood or urine can cause gout or nephrolithiasis. Hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria are also associated with other disorders such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. The Community Service (PKM) activity held in Grogol Village, West Jakarta, aims to increase awareness of the elderly community regarding the importance of early detection of hyperuricemia. This program uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, starting from planning uric acid level examinations and compiling educational materials, followed by implementing interactive screening and counseling, evaluating results, and following up in the form of medical referrals for participants with abnormal results. Of the 71 participants involved, only 1 person had uric acid levels above normal. Through education on low-purine diets, the importance of hydration, and physical exercise, this activity is expected to be able to reduce the incidence of hyperuricemia and its complications, as well as support the realization of a healthier elderly community that is aware of its metabolic health.

Background: Degenerative diseases are still a health problem that must be paid attention to. This disease can be prevented by early detection so as to minimize the risk factors that cause it. Various government efforts have been made to prevent and treat degenerative diseases, one of which is early detection of disease through regular blood pressure checks and blood sugar checks. Activity objective: community service is to improve the quality of life through early detection of degenerative diseases through blood pressure and blood glucose checks. Method: Community service method using free blood pressure and blood glucose checks and providing counseling about degenerative diseases. Community service recommendations for 37 people carried out on August 23 2024. Results: Most blood pressure and blood glucose examination results were within normal limits. Conclusion: Community service activities were carried out smoothly and we hope that this activity can pay attention to the quality of life, especially related to degenerative diseases.   Keywords: Early Detection: Degenerative Disease  

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, can be experimentally induced in animal models using ethylene glycol (EG) in combination with ammonium chloride, which closely mimics calcium oxalate stone formation in humans. This condition is associated with significant renal tissue injury, including glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and hyaline droplet accumulation, ultimately impairing kidney function. The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the kidneys of EG-induced rats and evaluate the nephroprotective potential of combined avocado (Persea americana) and gooseberry (Physalis angulata) leaf extracts. A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a standard control (no induction), a negative control (EG-induced without treatment), a positive control (EG-induced and treated with a commercial nephroprotective agent), and two treatment groups receiving the combined extracts at different doses. Nephrolithiasis induction was performed over 28 days, followed by oral administration of the respective treatments. At the end of the experiment, kidney tissues were collected and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining to assess the extent of tissue damage. The negative control group exhibited the most severe histopathological alterations, with hyaline droplet formation reaching 15.0 ± 5.25%. In contrast, extract-treated groups demonstrated a marked reduction in tissue damage, with the most significant improvement observed in the group receiving 300 mg/kg avocado extract and 100 mg/kg gooseberry extract, which recorded hyaline droplet formation of only 5.27 ± 2.74%, a result comparable to that of the standard control group. These findings suggest that the combination of P. americana and P. angulata leaf extracts confers protective effects against EG-induced renal injury. Therefore, this herbal combination may represent a promising natural nephroprotective agent that warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical settings.

This qualitative literature review explores the role of corporate governance and information asymmetry in the relationship between big bath accounting practices and audit fees. The findings suggest that firms engaging in big bath practices face higher audit fees due to increased audit risk perceived by auditors. Weak corporate governance exacerbates this effect, as auditors need to conduct more in-depth examinations to mitigate the associated risks. In addition, high information asymmetry between management and external stakeholders further increases audit risk, prompting auditors to expand their efforts. This study emphasizes the importance of strong corporate governance in reducing incentives for earnings management and enhancing financial transparency. The implications are significant for audit practice and corporate policy, highlighting the need for firms to strengthen their governance structures and for auditors to consider big bath risk in planning and conducting audits

Imbalance of body lipid levels, especially total cholesterol and HDL, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. A simple lipid profile examination can be used to detect potential atherogenic dyslipidemia that has not shown clinical symptoms. Total cholesterol and HDL levels were examined in 104 participants using the Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) technique. Education was provided individually using leaflets, which contained information on the effects of saturated fat and trans fat consumption, and the importance of unsaturated fat and fiber intake on lipid profiles. Most participants had total cholesterol levels within normal limits. However, more than half of the population showed low to very low HDL levels, indicating hidden metabolic risks. Dietary education was provided in a targeted manner according to the results of each participant's examination. Total cholesterol and HDL examinations were used to assess the risk of lipid disorders early on. Nutrition education based on examination results is useful in raising awareness of the importance of regulating diet to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications.

Breast Self-Examination (BSE/SADARI) is a practical and effective approach for the early identification of breast cancer, with the potential to reduce mortality rates by approximately 25–30%. Women who have limited Adequate understanding of breast cancer and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) necessitates appropriate health education beginning in adolescence. This study sought to assess and examine changes in the knowledge and skills of Women of Childbearing Age (WCA/WUS) in performing BSE before and after health education at the Butong Community Health Center, Central Kalimantan. This research employed an analytical survey design. The findings demonstrated a substantial improvement in participants’ knowledge of BSE, increasing from 21% in the good category during the pretest to 83% in the good category after the intervention. Prior to the educational session, 98% of WUS were unable to perform BSE correctly; however, following counseling, 95% were able to carry it out properly. The Wilcoxon test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the counseling intervention had a statistically significant impact on both knowledge and practical ability related to BSE. Therefore, collaboration among village authorities, healthcare providers, and the community is strongly recommended to routinely conduct educational programs in order to enhance awareness and skills in the early detection of breast cancer.

Background: Islamic inheritance law represents a critical component of family law systems that extends beyond religious obligations to encompass significant socio-economic implications for asset distribution and intergenerational justice. While Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam have both incorporated Islamic law into their national legal frameworks, their implementation approaches demonstrate fundamental structural and procedural differences that warrant systematic comparative analysis. Objective: This study examines the institutional frameworks and implementation effectiveness of Islamic inheritance law systems in Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam, analyzing how constitutional arrangements and governmental approaches influence the practical application of faraid principles. Methods: This research employs a normative legal methodology utilizing comparative analysis of legal frameworks, institutional structures, and judicial decisions. The study analyzes primary legal sources including constitutional provisions, statutory laws, court decisions, and administrative guidelines from both jurisdictions. Data collection encompassed library research examining fiqh literature, national legislation, official documents, scholarly articles, and religious legal opinions. Theoretical frameworks of legal pluralism (Romano-Gierke), Maqasid al-Shariah, and Hartian legal positivism provide analytical foundations for institutional effectiveness assessment. Results: Malaysia's dual legal system creates jurisdictional tensions between Syariah and civil courts, particularly regarding immovable property administration, resulting in administrative complexity and legal uncertainty that undermines Islamic law effectiveness. Conversely, Brunei's centralized Islamic legal framework demonstrates superior institutional coherence through exclusive Syariah court jurisdiction, enabling direct faraid implementation without inter-court conflicts. The study reveals that approximately RM42 billion in Muslim inheritance remains undistributed in Malaysia due to systematic administrative failures, while Brunei's unified approach achieves greater legal certainty and administrative efficiency. Conclusions: Institutional structures fundamentally determine Islamic inheritance law implementation effectiveness in contemporary Muslim societies. Successful Islamic law implementation requires comprehensive institutional support aligning legal structures with religious objectives rather than mere constitutional recognition. Malaysia's fragmented system inadvertently undermines Islamic law's divine authority through secular intervention, while Brunei's unified approach enhances religious legitimacy and community compliance.

Hemoglobin and hematocrit examinations serve as important early indicators of hematological status, reflecting the blood’s capacity to transport oxygen. A decrease in these two parameters leads to anemia, which is often undetected due to minimal early symptoms and low awareness to undergo examinations. This activity was carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, by examining hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in adult participants. Capillary blood samples were analyzed using a portable device at the examination location. Education was delivered through leaflets regarding the importance of iron, vitamin B12, and folate intake to support erythrocyte formation. The examination was attended by 104 participants, the majority of whom were women. The average hemoglobin was recorded as approaching the lower limit of normal values, while hematocrit levels showed wide variations. More than half of the participants were classified as having anemia. This high proportion of anemia highlights the urgent need for targeted nutritional education. Hemoglobin and hematocrit screening proves effective as an early detection tool for hematological disorders. Education that is linked to laboratory findings should be prioritized to promote improved dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of iron-rich foods, vitamin B12, and folate, in order to prevent erythropoietic dysfunction and long-term health complications.