Publication Search

This study aims to explore the foundation of code in the C++ programming language with a focus on data structures. Data structures are a fundamental component in efficient and effective software development. This literature review explores various types of data structures implemented in C++, including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, hash tables, and trees. An analysis is conducted on the basic principles and implementation of these data structures in the context of C++, taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of each structure. In addition, this study also discusses the evolution and comparison of data structure implementations from the perspective of performance and algorithm complexity. The results of this study provide in-depth insights into how data structures can affect the design and efficiency of C++ applications, as well as provide guidance for software developers in choosing the most appropriate data structures for their specific needs. The conclusions of this study highlight the importance of a deep understanding of data structures in software development and their contribution to the success of software projects.

Students' mental health is a crucial aspect of their development, as it directly impacts to their learning abilities, social relationships and emotional well-being. Therefore, it is important to give an attention to their mental health, through educational programs, emotional support, and the development of a safe and supportive learning environment.  This program aims to increase students' knowledge and awareness at SDN 1 Tukadmungga through a visual education approach and interactive discussions in open spaces environment. The method used involves the use of visual media such as informative posters as well as discussion sessions held in open spaces to create a more relaxed and participatory learning environment. The research results show that this approach is effective in increasing students' awareness of the importance of maintaining mental health, as well as encouraging them to be more open in talking about the feelings and problems they face. The results showed that there was an increase in students' knowledge before and after the education was carried out. In conclusion, visual education accompanied by interactive discussions in open spaces could be an efficient strategy in promoting mental health among elementary school students

Cash is an asset that has an important component in company operations. Petty cash has a high level of vulnerability to theft and misuse. Controlling petty cash management is one of the things that can help a company achieve success. An internal control system for cash that is carried out optimally can have a positive impact on the continuity of company operations. On the other hand, if the implementation of internal control over petty cash is less than optimal, it can increase the possibility of fraud and asset theft. In this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods. Having a good internal control system in a company can help the company to manage company finances efficiently regarding petty cash expenditures. The results of the research reveal that the internal control of petty cash at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia has been running well and in accordance with the procedures set by the board of directors

Land scarcity in urban areas encourages people to look for efficient alternatives to plant cultivation. Hydroponics, as a soil-free cultivation technique, offers a potential solution. This activity aims to carry out socialization and training on hydroponics to improve knowledge and skills in independent plant cultivation that can support household food security in urban communities. The method used was socialization and hands-on practice of making simple hydroponic systems. The results of the socialization and training showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge of the principles of hydroponics.  The evaluation percentage is 78% of residents of Nginden Jangkungan sub-district, Sukolilo sub-district, Surabaya city are able to independently apply the Hydroponic system in the yard of each house and can take economic benefits from farming through the hydroponic system, but in the application of this hydroponic system requires high production costs, so that people pay more attention to the use of input allocations used to get more added value. Hydroponics is one of the sustainable agricultural efforts in urban environments that have limited land with the introduction of hydroponic systems, socialization, and application practices in urban areas that have been implemented.

The creative economy sector is one of the pillars of economic growth in Indonesia where creativity is the basis of economic development activities. West Java Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a high distribution of the creative economy sector. Not only is Bandung City famous for its culinary, but currently Bandung Regency is an area that is starting to develop its culinary tourism. in the minds of tourists. One of the snacks or snacks that are popular with the community and also is seblak, this "Seblak Mamih" business has been established for several years, and to develop its business to be competitive where its products can not only be enjoyed by consumers on the spot, an effective and innovative product packaging strategy is carried out so that it can be marketed and enjoyed by consumers more widely. The large number of consumers who come, results in the inability of business owners to serve consumers effectively and efficiently, therefore the need for human resource planning as a party that can serve consumers well.

This article explores a sustainable education program in mustard green cultivation implemented through collaboration between local residents and UNIWARA KKN (Community Service Program) students in Kelurahan Karanganyar. The program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of local residents in sustainable mustard green cultivation techniques, including the use of appropriate growing media, efficient irrigation techniques, and the management of pests and plant diseases without harmful chemicals. The method used in this study is **Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)**: working together with local residents and engaging in hands-on field practice to apply proper cultivation techniques. The research shows that this educational program not only successfully improves local residents' knowledge and skills in mustard green cultivation but also strengthens the relationship between the community and academics. Active community participation in this program results in significant positive impacts, including a reduction in the use of synthetic chemicals, increased crop yields, and more environmentally friendly agriculture

This research investigates the multifaceted factors influencing Indonesian sea transportation subsidy policies and their impact on regional economic growth. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study identifies key drivers such as political stability, regulatory efficiency, economic conditions, infrastructure development, and policy implementation mechanisms. Political stability was found crucial for ensuring policy consistency and investor confidence, while efficient regulatory frameworks streamlined subsidy allocations. Economic fluctuations, both global and domestic, significantly influenced resource allocations, underscoring the need for adaptive economic policies. Infrastructure investments emerged as pivotal in enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing operational costs, essential for fostering regional economic competitiveness. Effective policy implementation through transparency, accountability, and monitoring mechanisms was critical in maximizing socio-economic benefits. The findings underscore the importance of integrated policy approaches to address complex challenges and leverage opportunities for sustainable economic development in Indonesia's maritime sector.

With the increasingly rapid development of information technology, people need to do things quickly, effectively and efficiently, especially when carrying out transaction activities. Banking companies are improving services with the introduction of mobile banking. Mobile banking is an innovation from development, science, information technology and communications used by banking companies to facilitate customer transactions and meet needs, which can be accessed by installing an application on the phone. BCA Bank is a private bank that offers digital banking services, one of which is a mobile banking product known as BCA mobile, launched in 2011. By providing banking services via smartphone. BCA bank hopes that customers can enjoy the convenience and speed of BCA Mobile. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of convenience, trust and security on decisions to use mobile banking in Jakarta. The method used in this research is non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The data collection technique was through distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents and processed using SPSS version 25. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression. The results of the hypothesis test show that the variables of ease, trust and security have a significant effect on usage decisions.

The primary focus of this research was to create a Smart Count of Vehicle Loading Prototype for ships, with an emphasis on monitoring and tallying vehicles boarding and disembarking from ships based on their weight. Microcontrollers, such as the ESP32, were utilized for the counting process and to determine if the ship's cargo weight exceeded its maximum capacity. The main objective was to prevent overloading on ships, which could lead to accidents during voyages or while vehicles were being loaded onto the ship. To achieve this goal, weight and distance sensors were installed on the ship and controlled by the microcontroller, allowing for accurate monitoring of the quantity and categories of vehicles being loaded. After designing and testing this prototype device, it has become a new technological innovation that makes monitoring the weight and quantity of cargo on ships easier and more efficient. This is supported by the fact that each sensor's readings can work well with an average error rate below 2%. Additionally, the maximum communication range between the Blynk IoT application and the ship system can reach up to 20 meters.

Annual increases in tobacco excise rates increase state revenues, but also pose challenges for tobacco farmers and conventional and e-cigarette entrepreneurs. The impacts include increasing cigarette prices every year, which affects consumer purchasing power and business sustainability in the tobacco sector. This research aims to analyze the effect of the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates as of January 1 2022 on sales of e-cigarettes at KDR Vapor Stores. This research is a type of descriptive research with a non-statistical quantitative approach. The data used includes changes in the selling price of e-cigarettes after the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates, as well as sales and gross profit data for 2021 and 2022. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews and observation. The research results show that the increase in Tobacco Products Excise rates in 2022 will have a positive and significant influence on KDR Vapor Store sales. This means that the increase in excise rates on tobacco products in 2022 will increase sales at KDR Vapor stores. The increase in sales was followed by an increase in gross profit and COGS. Gross profit in 2022 will increase by IDR 914,349,630,- and COGS will increase by IDR 409,633,370,-. Gross Profit Margin Ratio percentage results for 2022, the KDR Vapor Store is considered to still be unable to run its business efficiently because the Cost of Goods Sold is relatively higher than the previous year. Suggestions for KDR Vapor Shop owners are to set competitive prices, regularly evaluate stock, and purchase products in large quantities to reduce the impact of increases in Tobacco Products Excise (CHT) rates. Expanding product variety, setting daily sales targets, and innovating with vouchers or giveaways are also important to attract and retain customers.

The main focus of this research is to deeply analyze the existing production process, evaluate the technology and equipment used, and identify ways to improve raw material and energy management. Through the application of the latest technology, such as more efficient processing machines and more modern processing methods, it is expected to improve production efficiency, reduce operational costs, and ensure consistent product quality. The research method includes data collection from observations of the current production process, interviews with local producers, and analysis of the equipment and techniques used. In addition, this research also involves testing the implementation of innovations and evaluating their impact on the final product results and production costs. The expected results of this research include improved syrup quality, better operational efficiency, and reduced production costs, which overall can increase the competitiveness of Karangtengah syrup products in the market. The benefits of this research are not only limited to improving the quality and efficiency of production but also include positive economic impacts for the local community. By improving the production process and expanding market reach, it is expected to create new economic opportunities, improve the welfare of local communities, and provide a model for other food processing industries in the region. This research aims to make a significant contribution to the development of the local industry and encourage the adoption of more sustainable and innovative production practices.

Community service through the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program is one way for students to contribute to overcoming various problems faced by society. One of the problems encountered in Tanjung Limau Village is land disputes. Land disputes are a problem that often occurs in various regions, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. This conflict can arise due to unclear ownership status, overlapping claims, or government policies that do not support the community. This research aims to determine the process of resolving land disputes in Tanjung Limau Village through mediation. Tanjung Limau Village, located in Muara Badak District, Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, faces complex land disputes. Many residents do not have legal proof of land ownership, such as a Certificate of Ownership (SHM) or Statement of Physical Land Control (SPPFBT). This triggers endless disputes in society. This research uses research methods with a sociological juridical approach. Data was collected through observations and interviews with village officials, RT heads, and residents of Tanjung Limau Village. The data was then processed using qualitative descriptive methods. The research results show that many land disputes in Tanjung Limau Village are resolved through mediation. Mediation was chosen because it was considered more effective and efficient than litigation. Legal education with the theme "Legal Awareness in Mediating Land Disputes" was held to increase public understanding of the importance of mediation in accordance with legal procedures. This research found that the option of resolving land disputes through mediation has advantages because it can lead the parties to the realization of a permanent and sustainable peace agreement. Mediation is also an important step to be taken by parties involved in court proceedings, so that it can reduce the burden of cases in court and strengthen the function of court institutions in resolving disputes.

SMK Pasundan 1's Inventory of Goods website is a modern solution to efficiently manage and monitor school inventory. Developed as a tool that supports asset management, the website provides an integrated platform for inventory recording, monitoring, and reporting. Key features include a user-friendly recording system, allowing school staff to easily enter, delete, and update item information.

The background of this research is that vertiqua is considered to have high production costs and small profits. Therefore, a business analysis is needed to increase the effectiveness of the fish farming business using the vertiqua system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aquaculture business using the vertiqua system including capital and profit obtained. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive explanations. The results of the research that has been done show that the R / C Ratio value obtained is 1.66, meaning that every 1 cycle cost expenditure will get 1.66 revenue. Koi fish farming using the vertiqua system is said to be feasible to continue because the R / C Ratio value is 1. The JWPM value with the calculation of 8 cycles for 1 year is 1.4, meaning that it takes 2 months and 2 days for the capital to return. Based on the business analysis conducted, the production of koi fish seeds using the upper biofical filter vertiqua system can be said to be feasible and has the potential to be further developed, because it can provide good profits with a good JWPM. In addition, cultivation using the upper biofical filter vertiqua system is very efficient in providing care for koi fish cultivation.    

The purpose of this study is to examine how mosques in Talang Sebaris Village, Air Periukan District, Seluma, contribute to children's religious education. In addition to being places of worship, mosques have significant social and educational roles in society, particularly in the development of children's religious understanding and character. This research examines several programs and activities started by mosques to encourage religious education, like children's recitations, Al-Qur'an Study Places (TPQ), and other religious activities. It does this using a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data was gathered through observation, interviews with parents, kids participating in these programs, and managers of the mosque. The study's findings indicate that Talang Sebaris Village's mosque has a big influence on how kids understand religion and morality. The success of these initiatives is, however, hampered by a lack of facilities and teaching personnel due to resource constraints. According to this research, mosques should get more community and governmental assistance in order to continue serving as hubs for longer-lasting and more efficient religious instruction.

Technology has become one of the important pillars on which organizations that want to succeed in their work depend, as well as those that seek to achieve a leading competitive advantage in their field of work. As they develop, institutions face decisions that require correct information, and the appropriate time for decision-making aims to analyze costs and explain the mechanisms used in the industrial sector in Iraq and the impact of implementing the enterprise resource planning system on the economy. And to display unit costs. Therefore, the complexity of business requires complex information systems that help make good management decisions effectively and efficiently and have a positive impact on financial and non-financial systems.

Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health brings significant changes in the handling of medical professional errors in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the mechanism for the formation and authority of the Medical Dispute Settlement Council as well as the role of the state in Gustav Radbruch's legal perspective. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis. The research results show that this law integrates various previous regulations, establishing a permanent or ad hoc assembly to uphold ethical standards and professionalism for health workers. The Assembly is tasked with handling complaints and alleged disciplinary violations before they enter the realm of criminal law, offering fairer and more efficient dispute resolution through a restorative and non-litigation approach. The role of the state is very important to guarantee justice, legal certainty and benefits, ensure that the assembly operates fairly and transparently, and provides fair legal protection for patients and medical personnel.

This community service aims to improve the managerial capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Brangjan Village, West Ungaran District, Semarang Regency through financial management training. The method used is a qualitative approach with interview and observation techniques.This training covers topics such as proper financial recording, cash flow management, and budgeting to ensure business sustainability. Additionally, participants were given insights into efficient working capital management strategies and how to identify and manage financial risks commonly faced by MSMEs. The training process involved active participation from participants through case studies and group discussions, allowing them to share experiences and challenges they face in running their businesses.Based on the results of observations and interviews, most participants showed improved skills in managing their business finances, reflected in better-organized financial reports and more structured financial planning. These results indicate that the training had a positive impact on the financial and managerial performance of MSMEs in Brangjan Village. With this training, it is hoped that MSME owners in the village will be better prepared to face economic challenges, enhance competitiveness, and achieve sustainability in running their businesses.

The need for efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly animal feed in Indonesia, especially for small and medium-scale farmers, requires innovative solutions. This community service program aims to optimize the production and marketing of maggot as an alternative animal feed through the empowerment of MSMEs at TPS3R Ngudi Lestari. A participatory approach was implemented through two main stages: maggot production training and a digital marketing workshop. The results showed a significant increase in both the production capacity and quality of maggot, as well as an improvement in digital marketing skills among MSMEs. The training enhanced participants' technical abilities in substrate management, production efficiency, and post-harvest processing, leading to higher and more consistent production outcomes. Meanwhile, the digital marketing workshop equipped MSMEs with strategies to expand market reach through online platforms, branding, and content creation. Despite challenges such as substrate variability and digital infrastructure limitations, innovative solutions like substrate diversification and improved environmental monitoring were successfully applied. This program not only boosted the local economy but also contributed to a more sustainable livestock sector by integrating circular economy principles. In conclusion, the program demonstrates the potential of combining maggot production with digital marketing strategies to create a sustainable business model for MSMEs, serving as a replicable example for community empowerment within the context of a circular economy and sustainable agriculture in Indonesia

Project management is managing projects by considering all aspects of construction projects. A project must run according to plan and can be completed on time, so planning is needed before a project runs; scheduling must be considered. Scheduling is an important step in determining the exact duration and sequence for each activity in the project to create a logically structured schedule that can be implemented realistically. Many methods can be applied in project scheduling, such as S Curve and CPM (Critical Path Method). The use of different scheduling methods is considered to affect the final result of scheduling. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the two methods. The analysis was carried out by comparing the critical trajectory, duration, and cost of structural work on the Kediri Regency Stadium Design and Build Project produced by the two methods so that it can be concluded which method is more efficient. The results showed differences in critical trajectories in the S curve and the CPM methods. In addition, the difference in duration is obtained; the S curve method requires a work duration of 140 days with a cost of Rp 48,041,965,577.96. Meanwhile, the CPM method requires a work duration of 131 days at a cost of Rp 47,535,997,308.05. Based on the results, the CPM method is superior in terms of time and cost.