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This research evaluates the direction of Indonesia's defense policy under the leadership of President Prabowo Subianto, taking the Indonesia-Turkey strategic partnership as the main case study. Using a qualitative approach with an instrumental case study method, this research analyzes the dynamics of military cooperation that includes key projects such as the development of the Bayraktar drone, involvement in the KAAN fifth-generation fighter jet, and collaborative submarine construction plans. The results show that these partnerships represent a strategy of defense equipment diversification and strengthening the domestic defense industry, and reflect a shift in Indonesia's strategic orientation from dependence on Western countries towards a more balanced partnership with the Global South. The findings confirm that Prabowo's defense policy shows continuity from the previous period, but also brings innovation through a more pragmatic, independent and responsive approach to regional and global security challenges.

In the dynamic digital era, information and knowledge management becomes a crucial element in improving the effectiveness of organizational decision-making. Integration between Management Information Systems (MIS) and Knowledge Management (KM) is a strategic approach that can strengthen organizational capabilities in responding to internal and external challenges. Management Information Systems function as a tool in collecting, transmitting, and presenting relevant data, while Knowledge Management plays a role in collecting, storing, and distributing knowledge, both explicit and tacit, within the organization. This study aims to examine how the synergy between MIS and KM can improve the quality of managerial decisions, accelerate the flow of information, and support organizational innovation. The methodology used includes literature studies and descriptive analysis of the implementation of MIS-KM in various industrial sectors. The results of the analysis show that organizations that successfully integrate these two systems are able to create a collaborative, adaptive, and responsive knowledge-based work environment to change. In addition, this integration also encourages the alignment of business strategies with available knowledge, resulting in more appropriate and sustainable decisions. Thus, the development of MIS that is closely connected to the KM process is an important need for modern organizations.

This research investigates the implementation of stock opname procedures in the General Affair warehouse at PT Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company, a major pharmaceutical manufacturer. The study responds to the problem of discrepancies in inventory data, which can disrupt operations due to inaccurate recording or delays in documentation. The objective is to analyze the effectiveness and structure of stock opname procedures in controlling non-productive inventory. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing observation and interviews with Accounting and General Affair warehouse staff to collect primary data. The findings reveal that stock opname at PT Bernofarm is conducted periodically through coordinated stages: scheduling, preparation of inventory data, physical inspection, data reconciliation, reporting, and inventory adjustment. The procedures are carried out collaboratively between the Accounting and General Affair divisions, with clearly defined responsibilities and documentation such as stock cards, credit memos, and goods receipts. Despite a difference in theoretical and practical implementation—where inventory recording is managed by warehouse staff rather than accounting—the presence of functional segregation and supervisory checks ensures effective internal control. The study concludes that a structured and consistent stock opname process improves data accuracy, minimizes discrepancies, and enhances accountability. This research is limited to non-productive inventory in a single company division, and further studies are suggested to explore digital solutions or comparative analyses across industries.

Emergency complaint services are a critical component of public service delivery, requiring speed, coordination, and integration across multiple agencies. The Surabaya City Government developed Command Center 112 as an innovative public service initiative to respond to emergency incidents quickly and in a coordinated manner. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Collaborative Governance in the management of the Command Center 112 service in Surabaya, using the model by Ansell and Gash, which includes four key indicators: starting conditions, institutional design, facilitative leadership, and the collaborative process. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that collaboration among government agencies, volunteers, and the community has been built functionally and adaptively through regulatory support, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and open communication among stakeholders. However, challenges remain in the form of public perceptions regarding service response quality, which has not been uniformly experienced. These results highlight the importance of strengthening public communication and increasing community involvement in service evaluation. Overall, Command Center 112 in Surabaya serves as a successful example of Collaborative Governance implementation in urban emergency complaint services.

This article discusses risk management strategies in the face of global market uncertainty triggered by the process of globalization and economic interconnection. Through a literature review, it highlights the importance of a proactive, flexible and collaborative approach that integrates various aspects such as politics, economics, technology and human resources. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analysis is key in accelerating risk detection and appropriate decision-making. In addition, strengthening human resources, investment diversification, building risk reserves, and cross-departmental and external collaboration are considered key strategies to improve organizational resilience and competitiveness amid global uncertainty. The results of this study provide recommendations for organizations to adopt a comprehensive and sustainable approach to risk management to maintain business stability and sustainability in the era of globalization.

Numerical literacy is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in the learning process, particularly in the field of science, especially physics. However, the reality is that many freshmen struggle with numerical literacy. This significantly impacts their foundational mathematical skills, which can hinder the academic learning process. This community service activity aims to enhance the numerical literacy of freshmen in the Physics Department at the University of Lampung by utilizing interactive visual modules. The activity was conducted over two sessions in January 2025, involving 28 new students. The students were divided into heterogeneous groups to support collaborative learning. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted to measure the effectiveness of the modules. The results showed an average score improvement from 36.25% to 56.6%. Addionally, the satisfaction survey results showed positive responses regarding the module’s appearance, clarity and benefits. Based on this activity, it was concluded that collaborative learning supported by interactive visual media can enhance students numerical literacy skills. 

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative governance between PDAM Kota Surabaya and PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur (SMI) in improving drinking water services. The main research question is how this collaborative governance is implemented and what factors influence its effectiveness. Collaborative governance, according to Ansell and Gash's theory, is a joint decision-making process involving public and private sectors to achieve common goals. This approach enables synergy between government and private companies in addressing resource limitations. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study, through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results show that this collaboration improves the efficiency of clean water distribution, although there are challenges such as differing objectives and resource allocation. Factors such as trust, commitment, and effective communication play a crucial role in the success of the collaboration. The implications of this study highlight the importance of inclusive institutional planning and policy design that supports cross-sector collaboration to strengthen public service provision. This research contributes to the development of the collaborative governance concept in the drinking water supply sector and provides recommendations for government and private sectors to improve the quality of clean water services for the wider community.

This research discusses the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in teaching traditional dance as a means of increasing the cultural literacy of junior high school students. The research aims to overcome the lack of students' understanding of traditional dance due to the lack of direct interaction with these cultural practices. The research method used a qualitative case study approach. The case study was chosen because it allows researchers to intensively explore the dynamics of learning in a limited context, namely at SMPN 13 Jakarta, and produce a comprehensive understanding of the role of AR technology in building cultural literacy. The results showed that the use of AR in traditional dance learning significantly increased students' interest, participation, and understanding of the cultural values contained in dance. In conclusion, the integration of AR technology in cultural arts learning provides a new alternative in shaping learning that is more contextual, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening character and local cultural values. This research recommends expanding the use of AR media not only in dance, but also in other cultural arts fields such as music, visual arts, and theater.

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) plays a crucial role in shaping the moral character of students at the elementary school level. However, learning methods used in IRE classrooms often remain conventional and teacher-centered, resulting in low student engagement and limited understanding of religious material. In response to the educational demands of the 21st century, a transformation in learning strategies is necessary. This study explores the implementation of active learning methods Card Sort, The Power of Two, and Snowballing as innovative approaches to revitalize IRE instruction. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were gathered through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and supporting documentation. The findings reveal that Card Sort enhances students’ ability to visually organize and connect religious concepts, The Power of Two facilitates deeper comprehension through peer discussion, and Snowballing promotes collaborative knowledge construction in stages. These methods contribute to a more interactive, student-centered, and meaningful learning process. Moreover, the integration of these strategies helps improve students' critical thinking, communication, and social-emotional skills while strengthening their internalization of Islamic values. Despite challenges such as instructional planning and classroom management, active learning techniques offer promising potential to transform IRE learning into a dynamic and participatory experience. The study provides practical recommendations for educators and school administrators to develop more effective and engaging IRE strategies.

This research aims to analyze the implications of global political economy policies on women's empowerment in developing countries, especially in terms of access to economic resources, education, employment, and political participation. The research uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing various academic references and relevant public policies to provide a comprehensive understanding of gender issues in the context of globalization. The results show that despite the existence of various affirmative policies such as women's quotas in parliament and economic programs for women, their implementation still faces various structural barriers, including patriarchal culture, limited resources, and low participation of women in decision-making. Other challenges include unequal access to education and training, and social stereotypes that hinder women's advancement. Proposed strategies include integrating gender analysis in policy formulation, increasing women's participation in strategic positions, strengthening regulations that protect women's rights, and gender-sensitive international cooperation. This research confirms the importance of a collaborative and sustainable approach involving various stakeholders to realize inclusive women's empowerment and real gender equality in developing countries.

Education in the 21st century requires teachers as educators to be more adaptive and innovative in developing critical, creative, communicative, and collaborative thinking skills. However, not all teachers are able to play such a role. Therefore, metasa researchers need to re-actualize literacy about learning strategies in the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to re-strengthen the actualization of the concept of learning strategies in responding to challenges in the 21st century. This research method uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study analyzes various scientific sources related to learning strategies that are in accordance with the needs of modern education. The results of this study indicate that there are several learning strategies that can be actualized by teachers in responding to the challenges of education in the 21st century, including examining the definition of learning strategies in the contexy of 21st century education, identifying criteria for selecting relevant strategies, types of 21st century learning strategies, opportunities utilized in implementing learning strategies and challenges that need to be overcome by educators. These findings are expected to be a reference for educationin developing learning strategies that are in accordance with the demands of the times.

This research was motivated by the importance of implementing the merdeka curriculum, which emphasizes character development through the  Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), particularly within the theme of local wisdom. Preliminary findings indicated that prior to the implementation of P5, students had limited understanding of social issues such as bullying, discrimination, and diversity. Therefore, appropriate teaching strategies are required to shape students’ character and enhance their social awareness The research questions addressed in this study are: (1) What strategies do teachers use to implement P5 material with the theme of local wisdom in Sociology learning for Grade X students at SMAN 1 Kalidawir? (2) What are the impacts of the applied strategies on the learning process? (3) What challenges do teachers face in implementing these strategies?. This study employs a qualitative descriptive research design. The aim is to explore the strategies used by teachers, their impacts on students, and the challenges encountered during the implementation of P5 materials. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of the study show that: (1) Teachers implemented project-based, collaborative, and contextual learning strategies that involved the local environment as a learning resource. (2) These strategies had a positive impact on students’ understanding of local cultural values and encouraged attitudes of tolerance and social awareness. (3) Challenges faced by teachers included limited time, varying levels of student motivation, and insufficient supporting facilities. Despite these obstacles, teachers strived to overcome them through collaboration, innovative learning approaches, and student-centered methods.

Sebatik Island, which is located on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia, is a very strategic area but is vulnerable to illegal immigration problems. The unclear geography, as well as the social and economic dependence of the community on Malaysia, worsens the situation by creating illegal crossing routes that are difficult to monitor. This article explores various collaborative efforts made by Indonesia and Malaysia to strengthen supervision and law enforcement in the Sebatik Island area. These efforts include joint patrols, cross-border coordination, improving immigration facilities, and more integrated law enforcement. However, obstacles such as differences in policy, limited personnel and the strength of smuggling networks still hamper the effectiveness of border management. For this reason, more intensive cooperation is needed, to ensure the protection of state sovereignty and the welfare of border communities.

This study explores the issue of slum settlements in Ledhok Timoho Village, located along the banks of the Gajah Wong River in Yogyakarta. The area faces complex social, economic, legal, and environmental challenges, mainly due to the legal uncertainty of Sultan Ground land where many residents live. A descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach was applied. The findings reveal that unclear land ownership hinders residents’ access to public services and decent housing. Local initiatives such as TAABAH have been instrumental in advocating for residents’ rights, yet structural limitations persist. The study recommends implementing long-term residential concession schemes, replicating the livable village model through community participation, revitalizing basic infrastructure, and integrating human rights-based and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) approaches. An inclusive and collaborative strategy is essential for slum settlement upgrading that is sustainable, equitable, and respectful of human dignity.

Riau Malay performing arts are an important cultural heritage, serving as a medium for the expression of identity, moral values, and spirituality of the community. Its existence faces challenges due to globalization, social change, and the declining interest of the younger generation. This paper examines the cultural dynamics, changes in function, and preservation strategies of Riau Malay performing arts. The method used is a literature study with analysis of various sources. The results show that digital innovation, government policy, education, cultural festivals, and legal protection are key in maintaining the sustainability of this art. However, preservation is still faced with weak coordination, lack of protection, and the threat of modernization. Therefore, a collaborative and adaptive approach is needed for Riau Malay performing arts to remain sustainable in the modern era.

The low activity of students in biology learning is the main challenge in efforts to improve the quality of science learning in secondary schools. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the Project Based Learning learning model in increasing student activity and learning outcomes in respiratory system materials at SMA Negeri 2 Langowan. This research is a Class Action Research that is carried out in two cycles, each of which includes stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 13 students in grade XI. The instruments used include student activity observation sheets and the final test of the cycle based on description questions. The results showed that in the first cycle, only 38.46% of students achieved learning completeness with an average score of 60. However, after improving the strategy in cycle II through active mentoring, learning motivation, and strengthening group work, completeness increased to 92.30% with an average score of 84.69. These findings indicate that the Project Based Learning learning model is able to build student activeness through contextual, collaborative, and hands-on experience-based learning. The increase in activeness is reflected not only in test results, but also in students' active participation in discussions, group presentations, and project completion. The implications of this study show that Project Based Learning is feasible to be implemented as an innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of student interaction and engagement in biology learning on an ongoing basis.

This study examines the implementation of Pancasila values-based Civic Education (PKn) learning in enhancing tolerance attitudes among fifth-grade students at UPT SD Negeri 064016. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and tolerance attitude questionnaires involving 28 students. Results indicate that contextual strategies—such as classroom deliberation simulations and collaborative projects based on local wisdom—significantly improved students' tolerance attitudes. Conceptual understanding of diversity increased by 34.5%, empathetic attitudes rose by 29.5%, and inclusive practices grew by 23.7% (composite score +29%, Cohen’s d = 1.45). Key supporting factors included the school’s commitment to integrating Pancasila values into the curriculum and innovative media (e.g., multicultural congklak, AR cultural maps). Primary constraints were limited instructional time and student ability heterogeneity. The study concludes that Pancasila values-based learning models, supported by teacher consistency and active student participation, effectively foster inclusive school environments.  

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of collaborative governance in the Nutritious Food Yard Program (P2B) strengthens community-based food security in Sidoarjo Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the social dynamics in depth. The research was conducted in Kampung Edukasi Sampah, Sekardangan Sub-district, one of the active areas in P2B implementation. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders such as the Sidoarjo City Food and Agriculture Office, Sidoarjo Police Sector, village officials, farmer groups, and environmental cadres. The analysis applied the collaborative governance model by Ansell and Gash (2008), which includes five indicators: face-to-face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. The findings show that most indicators of collaboration have been realized, particularly in communication and trust-building aspects. However, some challenges remain, including the absence of formal agreement documents among actors, inconsistent communication, lack of program outreach, and overlapping roles between the police and related agencies. This research contributes to strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration models in community-based food security programs in urban areas.

Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of flashcard media in music learning, especially in helping students understand music theory and increase motivation to play music through a fun and interactive approach. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identified, evaluated, and synthesized eight selected scientific articles published between 2015-2025. The selection process was based on PRISMA guidelines and Zawacki-Richter's SLR model, including the formulation of research questions, screening of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment of study quality. The results showed that the use of flashcards - both in manual and digital form - consistently contributed positively to the improvement of rhythmic ability, understanding of notation concepts, and affective engagement of learners from various levels. Flashcards proved effective in simplifying complex musical material into concrete visual representations, strengthening long-term memory through retrieval practice and spaced repetition techniques. Furthermore, the integration of flashcards in project-based pedagogical approaches (PjBL), character learning, as well as digital technologies such as apps and AR, shows great potential in enriching music learning experiences that are inclusive, collaborative and meaningful. Therefore, this study recommends the continued development of interactive technology-based flashcard media as a future music learning innovation.