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The development of digital technology and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 have driven significant changes in marketing activities, including for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The use of e-commerce has become an important digital marketing strategy for MSMEs to increase competitiveness and business revenue. This study aims to examine the role of e-commerce implementation as a digital marketing tool for MSMEs in facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and analyze its impact on increasing MSME revenue and competitive advantage. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature studies of various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and online publications relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of e-commerce has a positive impact on MSMEs, including expanding market reach, increasing marketing efficiency, and driving increased business revenue. In addition, e-commerce also plays a role in increasing MSME competitive advantage through product innovation, improving service quality, and strengthening relationships with consumers. However, the implementation of e-commerce in MSMEs still faces several challenges, such as low digital literacy, limited human resources, and minimal technical assistance. Therefore, ongoing support from various parties is needed so that the use of e-commerce by MSMEs can run optimally and sustainably in the digital era.

Koperatives are a form of people-based economic organization that play a strategic role in improving community welfare and strengthening the national economy. However, many cooperatives still face organizational and managerial challenges that limit their economic performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cooperative organizational structures, governance mechanisms, and the economic performance of cooperatives in the context of modern economic transformation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of organizational practices within cooperatives. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving cooperative managers, members, and supervisors selected purposively. The findings indicate that cooperatives with clear organizational structures, professional management, transparent governance, and active member participation tend to demonstrate better economic performance and sustainability. Conversely, weak organizational arrangements and low member involvement are associated with stagnation in cooperative economic activities. These results highlight that organizational quality is a key determinant of cooperative success, not merely financial factors. The study implies that strengthening cooperative governance, improving human resource capacity, and enhancing member participation are essential strategies to increase the competitiveness of cooperatives in the digital economy era. This research contributes to the development of cooperative economic theory and provides practical recommendations for cooperative managers and policymakers.

Low public awareness of eye health and rational use of eye medications may increase the risk of eye disorders and infections. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of maintaining eye health and applying the DAGUSIBU principle (Get, Use, Store, and Dispose of medicines properly) in the use of eye drops. The activity was conducted at the Klinik Pratama Nusantara Kesehatan through interactive counseling, demonstrations of proper eye drop administration techniques, and education on the prevention of common eye disorders and the role of healthcare professionals. Pre-test and post-test evaluations showed a significant increase of approximately 35% in participants’ knowledge regarding eye hygiene and correct eye medication use. This educational program is expected to contribute to long-term improvements in rational eye medication use, reduce the risk of misuse, and serve as a model for sustainable eye health education in a primary healthcare settings.

Infant massage is an early stimulation method that plays a role in increasing infant weight gain, sleep quality, and comfort. However, limited parental resources and access to healthcare facilities prevent massage services from being optimally implemented. This community service activity aims to improve infant health through homecare-based infant massage services that are easily accessible to families. The activity was conducted on June 22, 2025, in Bulukumba Regency, targeting five infants aged 2–5 months. The activity methods included: (1) initial weight measurement, (2) education on correct massage techniques, (3) massage using olive oil for 15–20 minutes, and (4) monitoring infant sleep patterns and comfort. Repeat measurements were conducted after the intervention. Results showed post-intervention weight gain in all infants, improved sleep patterns (infants fell asleep more easily and slept longer), and increased appetite. Mothers also demonstrated improved self-massage skills. In conclusion, homecare-based infant massage has been proven effective in improving infant comfort, sleep patterns, and weight gain. This program is worthy of continuation and expansion to support community midwifery services

The 21st century is marked by a profound transformation in digital communication. Social media has become a new public space, enabling people to interact, disseminate information, and shape public opinion rapidly and massively. This article analyzes the role of social media in shaping public opinion and its influence on the dynamics of government policy in Indonesia. Through a literature review and case analysis of policies influenced by viral issues on social media, this study finds that social media increases citizen participation and accelerates government responses to public issues. However, the pattern of 'viral-based policy' also carries risks, such as reactive policies, a lack of evidence-based policies, and inequality in representation. To manage this phenomenon, the government needs to develop an inclusive digital communication strategy, establish an early detection system for public sentiment, and uphold the principles of good governance and evidence-based policy. These findings are relevant for academics and policymakers seeking to understand the interaction between social media, public opinion, and government policy in the digital era.

This community service program is entitled Improving Microcontroller Competence of Students of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar through Arduino Training Based on Industrial Practice and is implemented as a follow-up to the school's official request to invite university practitioners as guest teachers in order to strengthen industry-based vocational learning. The activity was carried out on November 27, 2025 at the Computer Laboratory of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar involving 50 grade XI students, and guided by Andi Setiadi Manalu, S.Kom., M.Ti as the main instructor of Arduino material which focuses on the introduction of microcontrollers, basic programming, sensor integration, and simple automation project design. The purpose of this activity is to improve students' technical competence in the field of embedded systems while fostering work readiness through real-world practice-based learning experiences. The implementation method uses an experiential learning and project-based learning approach, which combines brief conceptual explanations with direct practice, technical discussions, and problem-based project assignment completion. The evaluation results show an increase in students' understanding of microcontroller functions, programming logic structures, and the ability to connect hardware and software in one work system. In addition, students demonstrated increased motivation, confidence, and interest in industrial technology, as reflected in their active participation during the practicum and their successful independent completion of functional prototypes. Overall, this activity proved effective in strengthening the technical competencies of vocational high school students and supporting the implementation of the link and match policy between vocational education and the needs of the industrial world, while also emphasizing the strategic role of higher education institutions in supporting the improvement of human resource quality at the vocational high school level.

PT Telering Distrindo is a telecommunications distribution and retail company whose operations rely heavily on information systems. As the business expands and transaction volumes increase, higher demands for system security and reliability require a strategic evaluation of information technology (IT) implementation to ensure alignment with business objectives. This study aims to analyze the condition of the IT infrastructure at PT Telering Distrindo and to formulate development strategies using the Ward & Peppard framework. The research methods include literature review, system observation, IT architecture analysis, and interviews with internal stakeholders. The results show that the company has implemented core systems such as aPOSPlus, aBusinessPlus, and the PPOB TR Reload application, which play an important role in supporting business operations. However, several weaknesses remain in system security, integration, and IT risk management. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths in access control and authentication mechanisms, opportunities to leverage security as a competitive advantage, and threats from cyberattacks and high dependency on IT infrastructure. The study concludes that the Ward & Peppard framework provides a comprehensive strategic perspective and serves as a foundation for developing a more structured, secure, and sustainable IT strategy to support business growth.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) producing bags play an important role in the regional economy, but still face problems in financial management, particularly cash flow planning. The main problem faced by SME partners producing bags in Cipamokolan Village, Rancasari District, Bandung City, is the lack of comprehensive cash flow planning, which has the potential to cause liquidity problems. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and skills of bag SME  in preparing a simple cash budget and encouraging its sustainable implementation. The methods used include training and mentoring with stages of problem identification, material delivery, cash budget preparation practice, and evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' understanding of cash planning, their ability to prepare a simple cash budget, and their commitment to implementing a cash budget in their daily business financial management. This activity is expected to improve cash flow control and support the sustainability of bag SME businesses

The background of this research is based on the enormous potential of zakat, infaq, shadaqah, and waqf (ZISWAF) as Islamic social finance instruments which, if managed optimally and sustainably, can play a significant role in reducing poverty and promoting comprehensive economic independence among communities amid the ongoing challenges of social inequality. The purpose of this study is to explain the strategic function of ZISWAF in strengthening the community’s economy while emphasizing the urgency of professional, transparent, and targeted management for the improvement of public welfare at large. The research method used was library research, evaluating various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and relevant previous research reports. The collected data was then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach to provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of economic empowerment through ZISWAF. Research findings show that ZISWAF plays a crucial role in improving economic welfare through a paradigm shift from consumptive assistance to productive assistance programs. Management oriented towards sustainability and transparency has proven effective in promoting economic ind ependence among low-income communities and significantly reducing poverty rates. The implication of this study confirm that strengthening regulations, digitizing management, and improving public literacy regarding ZISWAF are essential. Management institutions must continue to improve their accountability in order to increase public trust, so that ZISWAF can become a key development in the future.

Children at the elementary school level are in a phase of rapid growth, encompassing intellectual, physical, and social development. Within the age range of 6–12 years, children are expected to begin managing their own self-care, including maintaining daily personal hygiene. Personal hygiene refers to a set of self-care practices performed to maintain physical health and psychological well-being. Independence in personal hygiene can be defined as a child’s ability to carry out personal hygiene activities independently without reliance on others, related to both physical cleanliness and psychological comfort. This study aimed to describe the level of personal hygiene independence among school-age children at SD Negeri 1 Gianyar. The research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 376 students from grades I to III, with a sample of 194 students selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that the majority of respondents demonstrated good independence in personal hygiene, with 186 children (95.9%) categorized as independent, while 8 children (4.1%) were categorized as moderately independent. Children’s independence tended to increase with age, and no significant differences were found between male and female students. These findings indicate that the role of families and schools, through consistent habituation and support, plays a crucial role in fostering children’s independence in maintaining personal hygiene.  

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting the local economy, but still face limitations in the use of technology and market expansion. The Banana Chip MSME (Toko Agung) in Banatorejo Village, Tapango District, Polewali Mandar Regency is one of the local food businesses that has potential, but its management is still traditional. This community service activity aims to develop technology-based MSMEs to increase product competitiveness. The methods used are participatory assistance through observation, interviews, training, and evaluation, with a focus on digital marketing, packaging and branding improvements, and strengthening simple business management. The results of the activity showed an improvement in packaging quality, expansion of marketing reach through digital media, and improvements in business financial record keeping. Technology-based development has a positive impact on the readiness of MSMEs to face broader market competition. The implications of this activity show that integrated technology assistance can be an effective strategy in increasing the competitiveness and sustainability of local food MSMEs.

Learning is the process of children getting to know knowledge that aims to increase knowledge as a basis for forming behavior. The learning process is carried out so that children experience behavioral changes and gain an overall improvement in knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Learning is very closely related to daily life, therefore it is important for children to learn continuously, one of which is through learning mathematics. Mathematics learning has a very important role in the sustainability of children's education because mathematics is one of the fundamental non-physical tools in the world of education and daily life. Through mathematics learning, children are trained to think logically, systematically, critically, and creatively in solving various problems. In addition, mathematics helps children solve calculation problems that are often encountered in daily activities, such as counting money, measuring length, time, and distance, and interpreting simple data. Mathematics learning also plays a role in developing the ability to reason and make appropriate decisions. Therefore, mathematics learning is a subject that must be followed because it has a great influence on thinking skills, learning independence, and children's readiness to face life challenges and scientific development in the future.

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, serving as key drivers of inclusive economic growth and major contributors to employment creation. Despite their importance, many UMKM operators continue to face significant challenges in financial management, particularly due to the absence of structured and systematic financial record-keeping practices. This condition is also evident among UMKM in Kuning Gading Village, Unit XVIII Kuamang Kuning, where most businesses are still managed in a traditional manner with inadequate bookkeeping systems. This community service program aims to enhance financial literacy and strengthen the capacity of UMKM actors to implement simple bookkeeping as a foundation for effective business financial management. The methods employed include needs assessment through field observation, educational and practical training sessions, hands-on mentoring, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills related to transaction recording, separation of business and personal finances, and preparation of simple cash flow statements. Evaluation outcomes show an increase in competency scores from an initial range of 20%–40% to 75%–85% after the training. Furthermore, the program fostered a positive shift in participants’ mindset toward more professional and accountable business management practices. Therefore, the implementation of simple bookkeeping is proven to be an effective initial strategy for strengthening MSME financial governance and supporting sustainable business development at the local level.

Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and development in a child's life. At this stage, children begin to form the foundations of their intelligence, character, and social and emotional abilities that will influence their future lives. Therefore, early childhood education plays a very important role in providing stimulation and learning experiences that are appropriate for their stage of development. In West Sumatra Province, public awareness of the importance of early childhood education services continues to increase along with the growing number of early childhood education institutions. However, the increase in the number of institutions has not been accompanied by an improvement in service quality. Many institutions still face obstacles such as a shortage of qualified teachers, a lack of facilities and infrastructure, and low teacher welfare. This situation has an impact on the quality of services received by children and the satisfaction of parents as service recipients. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of improving service quality as an effort to create high-quality, competitive PAUD institutions that are able to meet the expectations of the community.

Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is a public health issue influenced by various individual, social, and environmental factors. Changes in social norms, technological advancements, and limited reproductive health knowledge make adolescents a group vulnerable to risky sexual behavior. This study aims to examine the factors influencing premarital sexual behavior among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), review national and international scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025. Data sources were abtained from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, with inclusion criteria including articles in Indonesia and English, open access, full text, and relevant to HBM components. The study result indicate that factors such as perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and the quality of information play an important role in shaping adolescent sexual behavior. Low knowledge and limited perception oh the negative impacts of premarital sex increase the risk of engaging in risky sexual behavior. In addition, health promotion interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) have been proven effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding premarital sex among adolescents. Therefore, the HBM approach is recommended as a basis for developing comprehensive and sustainable adolescent reproductive health education and promotion programs.

This study aims to analyze policy integration and the level of public participation in the implementation of coordination meetings on public transportation provision in Southeast Sulawesi Province as a strategic effort to improve the quality of land transportation services. This coordination meeting was held on December 3, 2025, involving various stakeholders, including the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Transportation Agency, the Regency/City Transportation Agency throughout Southeast Sulawesi, Perum DAMRI, and the Passenger Transportation Legal Entity. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a policy and institutional analysis approach, supported by data from discussions, meeting minutes, and related policy documents. The results showed that the coordination meeting activities were able to strengthen policy understanding between agencies, increase the effectiveness of institutional coordination, and encourage synergy between the role of the government and transportation business actors. In addition, this forum also played a significant role in formulating joint strategies to improve the quality of public transportation services, including aspects of route planning, service standards, and operational sustainability. Through a structured coordination mechanism and discussion, each party gained a more comprehensive understanding of their respective roles, authorities, and responsibilities in the implementation of regional transportation. Thus, this coordination meeting is an important instrument in supporting collaborative and public service-oriented transportation governance.

Asset management and equipment maintenance are crucial aspects in supporting smooth business operations, particularly in the copper crafts industry. Merapi Karya Cipta, located in Dusun III, Tumang, Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency, owns various production equipment assets that play a direct role in the work process, yet their management remains rudimentary and unplanned. This community service activity aims to increase copper craftsmen's understanding and awareness of the importance of asset management and equipment maintenance to improve operational efficiency. Qualitative methods were used through observation, interviews, and direct outreach to the craftsmen. The results of the activity demonstrated increased knowledge and a shift in participants' perspectives on business management, particularly regarding equipment maintenance and division of labor. The craftsmen began to understand that routine maintenance can be performed simply and does not always require significant costs. Therefore, this activity is expected to help maintain the continuity of the production process, reduce the risk of equipment damage, and support increased productivity and the well-being of the local community.

Pratama clinics, as first-level healthcare facilities, play a crucial role in providing healthcare services to the community and are also subject to tax obligations for their business activities. However, many clinics still lack a thorough understanding of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Income Tax (PPh) provisions for their transactions, particularly regarding the tax treatment of medical services, drug sales, and tax withholding and reporting obligations. This Community Service activity aims to improve Harapan Jaya Pratama Clinic's tax understanding and compliance through outreach and mentoring on VAT and PPh for clinic transactions. The implementation method includes outreach on relevant tax regulations, training in tax accounting-based transaction recording, and mentoring in identifying taxable objects, calculating, depositing, and reporting VAT and PPh in accordance with applicable regulations. The expected outcomes of this activity are increased tax literacy and awareness among clinic managers, more orderly transaction recording, and increased compliance of Harapan Jaya Pratama Clinic in fulfilling its tax obligations. This activity is expected to support better and more sustainable clinic financial governance.

Student organizations in schools play an important role as social institutions that support character building and the development of students’ social and leadership skills. However, in practice, many students still perceive school organizations merely as formal or administrative activities, resulting in low participation and limited understanding of their educational value. This condition highlights the need for socialization activities that emphasize meaningful organizational learning. This community service activity aims to strengthen students’ understanding of the role of school organizations as social learning spaces. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 30 eleventh-grade students at SMK Muhammadiyah 04 Boyolali. Data were collected through observation, discussion notes, and students’ responses during interactive sessions.The activity was conducted through teacher coordination, material preparation, material presentation, and discussion and question-and-answer sessions. The results indicate an improvement in students’ understanding of the functions and benefits of student organizations as social institutions. Students showed increased awareness of the importance of cooperation, discipline, responsibility, and communication, as well as greater motivation to actively participate in school organizations. These findings suggest that participatory and dialogical socialization is effective in promoting meaningful organizational learning and supporting students’ character development.

The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine and analyze the influence of microstructure on the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Microstructure is known to play a crucial role in determining the mechanical behavior of metals; therefore, a thorough understanding of this relationship is essential for the development of engineering materials. This study adopts a systematic literature review approach, employing descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of recent scientific publications obtained from various reputable academic databases. The analysis results indicate that microstructure is a significant determinant of the mechanical characteristics of metallic materials, including strength, ductility, and resistance to deformation. The most influential microstructural parameters include grain size, phase distribution, crystallographic orientation, dislocation density, and the presence and characteristics of precipitates. Among these parameters, grain size has been shown to be the most dominant factor. The Hall–Petch strengthening mechanism demonstrates that grain refinement can increase the tensile strength of materials by approximately 200 to 300 percent. In addition, materials with multi-phase microstructures, such as dual-phase steels and TRIP steels, exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility compared to single-phase materials. Based on the meta-analysis results, each metallic material system exhibits a trade-off between strength and ductility, whereby an increase in strength is generally accompanied by a reduction in ductility. These findings indicate that achieving an optimal combination of mechanical properties for specific application requirements necessitates a comprehensive and integrated microstructural engineering approach.