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In today's world, many young individuals still lack effective communication skills, a trend that is evident among university students, particularly those from Generation Z. These students, despite having access to technology and social media, are often not taught how to communicate in a professional and respectful manner. This paper discusses the importance of communication skills and their development through the Interpersonal Skills (KI) course. Within this course, students not only develop communication abilities but also both soft and hard skills essential for their personal and professional growth. The course includes various assessments, one of which is the Community Service (PKM) output. This PKM aims to provide students with practical experience in communication by engaging with external partners and presenting ideas related to their academic programs. The activities conducted under this PKM serve as an assignment for the course, contributing to grades for assignments, Mid-Semester Exams (UTS), and Final Semester Exams (UAS). Students are tasked with creating proposals, reports, posters, and videos as part of the assignment, and for the UTS, they present proposals to their partners. The UAS grade is based on the final report presentation, showcasing the results of their PKM activities. Through the KI course, students gain valuable experience in communicating with external partners, collaborating in teams, and presenting their work confidently in front of their peers. These activities not only enhance students' communication skills but also foster leadership qualities and teamwork, preparing them for professional environments. Thus, the KI course plays a crucial role in developing interpersonal communication skills that are essential in today's interconnected world.

Illegal logging causes deforestation, disrupts forest ecosystems, and threatens biodiversity, contributing to climate change by reducing carbon absorption. It also leads to soil erosion and other environmental issues. This study examines the measures taken by the Lampung Provincial Forestry Service to combat illegal logging in the Way Waya Protected Forest, Pringsewu Regency, and the challenges faced in these efforts. Using a normative and empirical legal approach, the study collects data through literature review and interviews with investigators from the Forestry Service, the Lampung Regional Police, and academics. The findings reveal that preventive actions, such as community outreach and education, alongside repressive measures like joint operations, patrols, and law enforcement, are in place. However, technical and social challenges hinder their effectiveness, requiring institutional improvements and better inter-agency collaboration. This study highlights the need for stronger partnerships between the government, communities, and relevant agencies to combat forest crimes. The recommendations aim to improve forest management policies and raise public awareness of forest preservation.

The shift in lifestyle patterns, particularly in urban areas, has driven rapid growth in the fast food industry in Indonesia. Many franchise businesses are chosen by the public because they offer proven systems that reduce the risk of failure. This study aims to analyze and examine the market expansion strategies implemented by fast food franchise brand owners in Indonesia. The focus of this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with case studies of several local and international fast food franchises. The methods used in this study include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation to gather relevant data on the strategies employed. Successful franchises are influenced by several key factors, including strong brand equity, clear operational standards, and support systems provided by the franchiser to franchisees. Furthermore, the ability to adapt to local tastes is also an essential aspect in the success of expanding fast food franchises in Indonesia. The study also reveals that the utilization of digital media, selection of strategic locations, and partnerships with food delivery services are major drivers of market expansion strategies. The results of this study emphasize that fast food franchises looking to grow further need to implement product differentiation strategies to remain competitive in an increasingly crowded market. Product innovation is key for franchises to stay relevant and stand out from other brands. Additionally, continuous mentoring and evaluation of franchise partners are critical for ensuring sustainable and mutually beneficial collaborations. Overall, applying the right strategies and ensuring sustainability will ensure the success and broader market expansion of fast food franchises in Indonesia.

This study focuses on the importance of synergy between village government and communities in supporting local potential-based development. Kampung Nusantara, an innovative program in Cintakarya Village, Parigi District, Pangandaran Regency, requires solid cooperation between the village government and the community for effective and sustainable village development. However, in practice, collaboration between the two parties has not been optimal. The main problem identified in this study is the lack of coordination between the village government and the community. This is due to the absence of regulations that clearly define the roles of each party and the limited capacity of existing human resources. As a result, the existing collaboration has not been systematic and has not fully supported the achievement of Kampung Nusantara's development goals. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study approach in Cintakarya Village. The findings of this study indicate that despite several obstacles, there are still positive efforts to improve collaboration between the village government and the community. Some of these efforts include the establishment of a joint communication forum, capacity building training, and program support from external partner institutions that play a role in supporting village development. This study recommends several steps to improve this collaboration, including increasing communication between the village government and the community, clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each party, and strengthening village institutions. This is expected to foster more effective collaboration, which in turn will support the achievement of sustainable development goals in Kampung Nusantara, Cintakarya Village. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening human resource capacity at both the village government and community levels.

MSMEs have a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, but many of them still face obstacles in terms of branding and digital marketing. The lack of understanding of the importance of visual identity and digital strategy causes MSME products to be less prominent in a competitive market. This community service activity aims to improve the quality of branding of MSME products in Wonorejo Village, Pasuruan City, through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach which involves stages of counseling, training, and direct assistance to business actors. The counseling is focused on a basic understanding of visual branding, including elements of brand identity such as logos, colors, typography, and packaging. The training emphasizes hands-on practice in designing promotional packaging, logos, and banners using digital platforms like Canva. Furthermore, mentoring is carried out to identify specific branding obstacles faced by each MSME and develop applicative solutions collaboratively. The results of the activity show a significant increase in the quality of branding MSME products visually and digital marketing strategies. One of the fostered MSMEs, namely AM Jaya and Berkah Mandiri, has succeeded in rebranding packaging and developing digital marketing channels through e-commerce platforms and social media. In addition, business actors become more confident in presenting their products to consumers and business partners. MSMEs are also beginning to realize the importance of brand consistency in building customer loyalty and increasing competitiveness. The response of the participants to this activity was very positive, reflected in the enthusiasm during the training and the commitment to implement the learning outcomes. Some MSMEs are starting to form small communities to share best practices in terms of branding and promotion.

The moral crisis and low religious understanding among the younger generation pose a major challenge in shaping national character based on Islamic values. This phenomenon is increasingly complex amidst the rapid flow of globalization and technological advances that have led to individualistic, materialistic lifestyles far from the principles of Islamic law. In this context, religious education plays a central role as a moral and spiritual bulwark. This study aims to determine the role of Madrasah Diniyah (Islamic religious schools) in improving the mastery of Islamic religious knowledge and shaping the Islamic personality (syakhsiyah Islamiyyah) of students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at one of the Madrasah diniyah. The focus of the study is directed at the learning process covering the Qur'an, aqidah, fiqh, and morals, and how this process contributes to the formation of Islamic character in students. The results show that Madrasah Diniyah plays a strategic and significant role in shaping a generation that not only understands religious knowledge but is also able to implement Islamic values in everyday life. This success is supported by several factors, including the quality of competent and exemplary teachers, a structured and contextual curriculum, and good interpersonal relationships between teachers and students. Furthermore, support from parents and the surrounding community is also crucial in strengthening the internalization of Islamic values. Thus, Islamic schools (madrasah diniyah) can function as a vital partner in the Islamic education system, developing a generation with character, noble morals, and a commitment to Islamic teachings from an early age. These findings reinforce the urgency of strengthening religious educational institutions amidst the challenges of the times.

This study explores the strategic use of garbarata as an advertising medium at Minangkabau International Airport, Padang. The garbarata, which is a connecting bridge between the terminal and the aircraft, has great potential as an exclusive advertising space and has high exposure to passengers. However, this potential has not been optimally maximized. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with airport management, direct observation of the garbarata conditions, and analysis of documentation related to advertising policies and non-aeronautical asset management. The results of the study indicate that there are several main obstacles in the use of garbarata as a promotional medium. These obstacles include minimal promotional activities to potential advertisers, unclear pricing systems for advertising space rentals, lack of collaboration with advertising agencies, and limitations in the provision of design services and visual creativity. This has led to low interest of companies in utilizing this media as part of their marketing strategy. To overcome these problems, this study proposes several development strategies, including: increasing active and planned promotional activities, setting flexible and competitive rental prices, strategic collaboration with professional advertising agencies, and providing creative design services to support the effectiveness of advertising messages. This strategy is expected to attract more companies to advertise on the aerobridge, thereby increasing the airport's non-aeronautical revenue. With proper optimization, the aerobridge will not only serve as a functional passenger facility but can also transform into a strategic asset supporting the airport's sustainable commercial development and creating added value for both the operator and its business partners.

This study employs a normative juridical approach to examine the legal aspects of implementing financial technology (fintech) in healthcare financing in Indonesia. The rapid development of fintech offers potential solutions for addressing financial barriers in healthcare access. However, it also presents legal and regulatory challenges, particularly concerning consumer protection, data privacy, and institutional coordination. The analysis focuses on several key legal instruments, including Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health and its implementing regulation, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection. Additionally, regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), which govern the operations of fintech companies in Indonesia, are also considered. The findings indicate that while there is a growing regulatory framework supporting fintech integration into the health sector, several gaps remain, particularly in terms of coordination between regulatory bodies and stakeholders in health and finance. The study identifies the need for comprehensive policy harmonization to ensure that fintech-based healthcare financing systems are secure, transparent, and inclusive. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of strengthening data protection mechanisms and enhancing regulatory oversight, especially for fintech services operating in partnership with healthcare providers. As fintech continues to reshape the landscape of healthcare financing, robust legal safeguards must be developed to mitigate potential risks and ensure equitable access to health services. The study concludes by recommending an integrated legal and institutional approach to support the safe and ethical implementation of fintech in Indonesia's healthcare sector.

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains a challenge in several areas, including Bojongkerta Village, within the Cipaku Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction, South Bogor District, Bogor City. Lack of knowledge, high levels of stress during breastfeeding, and minimal family support are often major obstacles to successful exclusive breastfeeding. One approach that can be applied to address these issues is hypnobreastfeeding, a relaxation technique combined with positive affirmations to support mothers' readiness to breastfeed. The objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding through community-based hypnobreastfeeding training, which also involves Posyandu RW 1 cadres as the main supporting partners of the activity. The method used in this activity involves three stages: first, education and training in hypnobreastfeeding techniques for breastfeeding mothers; second, practical mentoring by lecturers involving students from the Midwifery Diploma Three Program at Ummi University Bogor; and third, evaluation of results through knowledge measurement and observation of breastfeeding practices. A total of 10 breastfeeding mothers and 4 Posyandu cadres participated in this activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and a positive change in attitudes towards breastfeeding practices. Furthermore, the active involvement of Posyandu cadres is expected to strengthen ongoing support at the community level. In conclusion, the hypnobreastfeeding training had a positive impact on empowering breastfeeding mothers and strengthening the role of Posyandu cadres as supporters of the exclusive breastfeeding program at the community level. This program also has the potential to expand the reach of education about exclusive breastfeeding and increase the success of sustainable exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

The potential war between India and Pakistan poses significant risks to the Indonesian economy, as it is expected to exacerbate uncertainty in the global financial market. Such geopolitical tensions often trigger a ‘flight to safety,’ where capital flows shift to countries considered stable, leading to reduced foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging markets like Indonesia. This scenario is likely to place additional pressure on Indonesia’s exchange rate, further destabilizing its financial position. One of the key impacts of the looming India-Pakistan war on Indonesia is its effect on monetary and fiscal management. The Indonesian government is already facing significant challenges, including managing a large amount of maturing debt and grappling with a growing budget deficit. The war would complicate these efforts, making it more difficult for the government to stabilize the economy and implement effective policies. Indonesia’s export sector will also be affected, as India and Pakistan are two of the country’s main trading partners, especially for key commodities like crude palm oil (CPO) and coal. India is Indonesia’s 4th largest export destination, accounting for approximately 9% of total exports, while Pakistan represents around 1.9%. Any disruption in trade with these countries, due to the war or political instability, could significantly hurt Indonesia’s export revenues and negatively affect industries reliant on these markets. Moreover, Indonesia is already facing challenges from the United States, which has imposed reciprocal tariffs worth 32% on Indonesian products. This trade tension, combined with the geopolitical instability from the India-Pakistan conflict, will add further strain to Indonesia’s trade balance. The combination of these factors could lead to slower economic growth, reduced investor confidence, and potentially higher inflation, as the country faces multiple external and internal economic pressures.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of utilizing vacant spaces within airports to enhance non-aeronautical revenue through collaboration with Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Given the growing importance of non-aeronautical revenue sources in the aviation industry, this research focuses on how airports can optimize underutilized spaces for commercial purposes. The research method applied is library research, where relevant literature, journals, and previous studies are reviewed to gain insights into successful strategies and best practices. The findings of the study indicate that the development of commercial spaces, such as fast-food tenants, retail outlets, and photo booths, can significantly enhance the passenger experience by providing convenient services and entertainment. Additionally, these developments offer a sustainable alternative revenue stream for airports, diversifying income beyond traditional aeronautical activities. The research also explores the role of the Value Proposition Canvas business model to assess the alignment between the value offered by these services and the needs of passengers. By applying this model, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding customer expectations and ensuring that airport services meet these demands. The analysis further highlights that successful implementation of these strategies requires careful planning, including collaboration between airport management, MSMEs, local governments, and sponsors. Building strong partnerships and ensuring mutual benefit are critical for maximizing the non-aeronautical revenue potential. The study concludes by suggesting that airports can leverage vacant spaces more effectively to not only boost revenue but also improve the overall passenger experience, contributing to the long-term sustainability and growth of the airport sector.

One of the digital marketing strategies commonly used by companies and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to introduce their products and achieve optimal profits is through the use of social media (Hidayat et al., 2022). The rapid development of information technology, particularly the internet and social media, has significantly changed consumer behavior and the way businesses operate. Digital marketing provides strategic opportunities for business actors, including lower promotional costs, increased brand awareness, and the potential to boost sales (Dwivedi et al., 2020). However, many MSMEs have not yet fully utilized digital marketing strategies through social media. The lack of digital literacy and limited understanding of effective marketing strategies remain major challenges in business development. To address these issues, a community service team from the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Islam Majapahit, implemented a mentoring program for the MSME “DnD Donat” located in Dlanggu District, Mojokerto Regency. The objective of this program was to provide the partner with the knowledge and practical skills necessary to design and implement an effective digital marketing strategy using social media as the primary promotional channel. Through this mentoring activity, the partner received education on the fundamentals of digital marketing, how to create engaging promotional content, and how to effectively use social media platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp Business. The results of the program showed that the partner gained an understanding of digital marketing strategies and began to implement them in their business activities. The positive impact of the program was reflected in a noticeable increase in both sales volume and income over a specific period following the implementation of the new marketing approach. This program is expected to serve as a model for developing digital capabilities among other MSMEs and to support the broader digital transformation in the micro and small business sector in a sustainable manner.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) in the development of waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies, which is of special relevance for the incineration plants in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Although previous studies have focused primarily on technological and infrastructural aspects, this paper investigates the contribution of intangible assets such as green human, structural, and relational capital towards the performance and sustainability of WtE systems. Adopting a mixed-method approach, the results show that Green Structural Capital has the first place in supporting operational efficiency, followed by Green Human Capital and Green Relational Capital. The statistical analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) shows that all GIC dimensions are positively related to plant performance, with institutionalized knowledge and systems as the most significant enablers of innovation. Qualitative findings also highlight constraints such as lack of training, unhandy knowledge systems, and poor public-private interaction. The findings recommend policy suggestions for promoting GIC assimilation within environmental infrastructure and provide a region-based theoretical model connecting knowledge-based resources and sustainable waste management practices. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating intellectual capital into the strategic decision-making process of waste-to-energy plants to enhance their operational effectiveness and long-term sustainability. Additionally, the research underlines that fostering a knowledge-sharing culture and enhancing collaboration between various stakeholders, including governmental bodies, private firms, and research institutions, is critical for the success of green initiatives. Training programs aimed at developing green human capital and improving public-private partnerships are essential to overcoming the current barriers to innovation in the WtE sector. This study has practical and scholarly implications in unifying the focus from just technology to the facilitating role of human and intellectual capital in green transformation, further bridging the gap between environmental sustainability and technological advancements in waste management.

This study aims to conduct a SWOT analysis in planning the development strategy of Child-Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) in East Cempaka Putih Village. RPTRA is a public facility designed to support children's growth and development, improve the quality of the social environment, and strengthen relationships between residents in urban areas. Despite having great potential in encouraging social development, the existence of RPTRA still faces various challenges in its implementation, such as limited facilities, lack of community participation, and weak management systems. This study uses SWOT analysis methods to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by RPTRAs in the region. The data collection technique was carried out through direct observation at the location, documentation, and interviews with various stakeholders, including the village government, RPTRA managers, and the community using the facility. The results of the analysis show that the main strength of RPTRA lies in the existence of basic infrastructure, strategic location, and policy support from local governments. Weaknesses include lack of operational funds, limited educational facilities, and lack of training for managers. Opportunities can be seen from increasing public awareness of the importance of child-friendly public spaces and the opening of potential partnerships with the private sector. The threat comes from the potential for vandalism, lack of social control, and the risk of non-functional use of space. This research provides a number of strategic recommendations that include multi-stakeholder collaboration, active community involvement, and capacity building of human resources in the management of RPTRA. In addition, the proposed long-term strategies include the integration of family empowerment programs, the improvement of educational technology-based facilities, and the strengthening of regulations that support the sustainability of the RPTRA program. The implications of this study are expected not only to have an impact on optimizing the function of RPTRA locally, but also to become a model for the development of child-friendly public spaces in other urban areas. This research contributes to the literature on inclusive urban development oriented towards child welfare and strengthening community social cohesion.

This community service activity aims to provide education and technical recommendations related to energy efficiency and thermal comfort in the BIN Apartment building through simulations using DesignBuilder software. The purpose of the activity is to analyze and optimize the building’s energy consumption and ensure thermal comfort for the residents. The simulation results show that the building's Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is relatively low for the residential category, based on calculations made by the BGH team. The air conditioning (AC) system in conditioned spaces meets the thermal comfort standards according to ASHRAE, ensuring comfortable living conditions in these areas. However, in unconditioned areas, such as the family room, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value reaches 1.5 (hot), indicating thermal discomfort. To address this issue, mechanical ventilation is recommended, with the capacity to produce an average air velocity of at least 0.6 m/s, which will improve airflow and enhance thermal comfort. Alternatively, adding an additional AC unit can also be considered, though it would result in a 20% increase in energy consumption. The findings and recommendations of this activity are expected to provide valuable insights and assist partners in making informed technical decisions when designing efficient and comfortable HVAC systems for vertical state-owned residential buildings. Ultimately, this program aims to optimize both energy usage and comfort, contributing to sustainable building management practices in the future.

Macron's visit also commemorated 75 years of diplomatic relations and a decade of strategic partnership between Indonesia and France. This meeting showed how bilateral diplomacy can trigger long-term transformation in various sectors. The partnership is part of extending the diplomatic relations between the two countries, which will be 100 years old in 2050.  Indonesia and France are developing strategic partnerships in various important sectors, ranging from defense, technology, agriculture, economy, to culture. Both countries have the same vision of world order. The strategic partnership strengthens their positions in facing global uncertainty with a total of 21 strategic agreements. The forms of cooperation and strategic agreements between Indonesia and France include: 1) Defense sector, for example, the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the French Ministry of Armed Forces agreed to establish a strategic partnership related to the exchange and joint protection of confidential information in the defense sector, 2) Economic sector, both countries agreed to encourage more balanced trade and investment relations, including: (1). MoU between the National Nutrition Agency and Danone; (2). Danantara and Eramet; (3). Investment Agreement between PT RGE Indonesia and Total Energies; (4). Investment Agreement between PT Citra Bonang Indonesia and Lesaffre; (5). MoU between PT SMI, PT PLN, and HDF; (6). MoU between Bank Indonesia and Banque De France, 3) Indonesia and France agreed to encourage Palestinian independence. This is considered the only way to resolve the long conflict between Palestine and Israel. Humanity must be prioritized in order to realize peace in the region. Two State Solutions" or a two-state solution is the most diplomatic way out for Palestinian independence.

This conceptual study examines how Islamic Da’wah institutions can be strategically transformed to effectively contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4 on quality education and Goal 16 on peace, justice, and strong institutions. Grounded in strategic management principles and the ethical foundations of Islamic thought, especially maqashid shariah (the objectives of Islamic law), the paper presents a model that integrates religious values into institutional planning and reform. By conducting a thorough review of existing literature, the study identifies and synthesizes essential components for transformation, including visionary leadership that prioritizes long-term impact, ethical governance rooted in transparency and accountability, and inclusive education that is both accessible and values-based. The analysis reveals that aligning Islamic ethical frameworks with global development goals can enhance the operational effectiveness and social relevance of Da’wah institutions. Moreover, the incorporation of maqashid shariah in organizational strategy promotes a holistic approach to development that balances spiritual and material objectives. The study argues that by embracing strategic planning processes that reflect both Islamic values and modern development practices, Da’wah institutions can play a crucial role in advancing educational equity and institutional integrity. This not only strengthens the legitimacy and sustainability of these organizations but also positions them as key partners in the broader development agenda. Ultimately, the paper contributes to ongoing discussions about the role of faith-based organizations in global development by offering a conceptual framework that bridges Islamic governance principles with the pursuit of sustainable development outcomes, encouraging a more integrated and ethically grounded approach to institutional reform.

This study discusses the practice of "capture marriage" (pakondong) still carried out in Ana Engge Village, Kodi District, West Sumba Regency, as part of the local tradition. Capture marriage is a practice where a man "captures" his prospective wife without the consent of the woman or her family. This practice has been ongoing for a long time and is considered part of local culture. However, when viewed from the perspective of national law, particularly Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, this practice raises controversy. The law emphasizes that marriage must be conducted with the free consent of both parties, as stated in Article 6, Paragraph 1, which asserts that a marriage is only valid if both parties agree. This research uses an empirical juridical method, with interview techniques and literature studies, to examine the legality of capture marriage under positive law. The results show that capture marriage contradicts the basic principles of a valid marriage because it does not meet the requirement of free consent from both parties involved. Furthermore, capture marriage is also considered a violation of women's human rights, as women should have the right to choose their life partners without coercion or pressure. This practice also degrades women's dignity, as their rights as independent individuals to make their own choices should be respected. The conclusion of this study is that capture marriage cannot be justified under national law because it contradicts the principle of free and mutual consent. Therefore, efforts are needed from various parties, including the government, law enforcement, customary leaders, and society, to provide education on the importance of consent in marriage. Additionally, the modernization of customary law is crucial to align it with constitutional values and human rights, ensuring the protection of women's rights and promoting the development of a more just and equitable culture.

This study focuses on analyzing the factors influencing auditor switching in telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2024 period, by examining the variables of management turnover, audit committee, financial distress, auditor reputation, and audit fees. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach utilizing secondary data in the form of annual financial reports. The sample size was determined using a purposive sampling technique for 55 companies. Auditor switching served as the dependent variable, measured by a dummy variable, while the other five variables served as independent variables. The analysis results indicate that none of the independent variables significantly influenced auditor switching decisions. This suggests that auditor switching decisions in companies are more influenced by strategic factors, such as the company's need to obtain audit services that better align with its business vision and auditor competency, which is considered capable of maintaining the credibility of financial reports. These findings emphasize the importance of a continuous relationship between auditors and clients as part of efforts to maintain the quality, consistency, and independence of the resulting audit. The practical implication of this study is that companies need to prioritize professionalism, audit quality, and long-term partnerships with auditors, rather than solely considering internal factors such as management structure or financial pressure. From a regulatory perspective, this research provides important input for strengthening regulations and oversight regarding audit quality and auditor independence, rather than solely focusing on auditor switching frequency. Thus, this study expands the literature on auditor switching dynamics and confirms that audit success is determined more by the quality of relationships and competence than by internal technical factors alone.

In addition to improving interpersonal communication skills, this training also emphasized the importance of strategic communication in the context of advocacy and social mobilization. NGO administrators were trained to design campaign messages tailored to audience segments, including potential donors, corporate partners, and government stakeholders. An understanding of the importance of framing and emotional appeal was also emphasized, so that the messages delivered were not only informative but also able to inspire empathy and concrete action from the audience. During the training process, participants were also equipped with a basic understanding of digital communication, particularly in utilizing social media platforms as a tool to expand the reach of messages. Creative content strategies, effective posting scheduling, and the use of visual storytelling were introduced so that NGO administrators could build a positive image of their institutions in the digital space. These skills are crucial considering that the dynamics of public communication today are influenced by the speed and reach of social media.The positive impact of this activity was felt not only individually, but also institutionally.The NGO "Kakak Asuh" began to show an increase in public engagement through social media, an increase in the number of new volunteers, and the opening of opportunities for partnerships with external parties. This demonstrates that persuasive communication is not merely a means of conveying a message, but also a strategy for building strong, credible, and sustainable relationships with the wider community. Going forward, the sustainability of this training program is designed through a system of ongoing mentoring and support. This approach is expected to strengthen the implementation of the communication strategies learned and enable a comprehensive transformation of organizational communication. Thus, this PKM activity will not only have a short-term impact but also build a solid communication foundation to support the NGO's social mission in the future.