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The prohibition of committing injustice (zulm) is a fundamental principle in Islamic teachings that emphasizes justice as the foundation of social life. In various hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), injustice is strongly condemned as a violation of both divine rights and human rights. This article aims to discuss in depth the prohibition of zulm and explore its deeper implications in both criminal and civil law. Injustice is not only seen as an individual sin, but also as a breach of social justice and public order. Therefore, the command to avoid zulm, as conveyed in hadiths, goes beyond theological and moral dimensions, extending into concrete and applicable legal principles. Through a normative and juridical approach, this study seeks to demonstrate that the prohibition of injustice can serve as a foundation for developing a fair legal system that upholds individual rights. In the context of criminal law, acts of injustice often manifest as crimes requiring firm punishment to maintain social order. Meanwhile, in civil law, injustice appears in forms such as unlawful acts, breaches of contract, or violations of property rights, which demand compensation or restitution. This reflects the importance of integrating Islamic values in building a civilized and justice-oriented legal system.

The evolution of social media and its algorithms has transformed the dissemination of Pancasila as Indonesia’s national ideology. This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila in algorithmically curated digital discourse and its impact on public understanding. A qualitative approach, combining digital discourse analysis and netnography, was applied to examine content on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Findings reveal the dual role of social media algorithms: while facilitating educational content on Pancasila (e.g., religious tolerance, human rights campaigns, and nationalism), they also amplify polarizing content, hoaxes, and hate speech that contradict Pancasila values. Analysis of Pancasila’s five principles shows that conflict-driven content (e.g., ethnic-religious issues) gains higher virality due to algorithms’ prioritization of engagement metrics. The filter bubble and echo chamber phenomena exacerbate discourse fragmentation, hindering inclusive dialogue about national ideology. The study concludes that Pancasila-based digital literacy, algorithmic transparency, and multistakeholder collaboration are critical to optimizing social media’s role in strengthening national identity. Policy recommendations include integrating "social cohesion" parameters into algorithm design and regulating content to uphold diversity. 

Plastic has become an inseparable part of human life today. Various products used by humans in their daily lives are often found to come from plastic. The use of plastic is growing and its utilization is increasingly widespread in the field of life so that if this waste is not managed properly it will cause pollution. Therefore, this program aims to empower children at the Tunas Bangsa Orphanage, Labuhan Batu by teaching collage skills in utilizing plastic waste into a picture collage. In addition, this program also aims to introduce recycling of plastic waste by being able to select and sort waste in the surrounding environment. This training is equipped with the values ​​of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) such as increasing awareness of the rights and obligations of each individual to feel comfortable in the environment and maintain environmental cleanliness. It is hoped that through this program, children can develop creativity skills and play an active role in maintaining environmental cleanliness away from plastic waste. This program also opens up opportunities for them to contribute to the movement to maintain environmental sustainability far from waste.  

The rights and obligations of citizens in Islam are fundamental aspects that emphasize the balance between individual responsibilities and the protection provided by the state. This study analyzes the concept of citizens' rights and obligations in Islam based on the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions. The Charter of Medina, a historical document drafted by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), provides an early depiction of citizenship principles in Islam, such as equal rights, religious freedom, and the duty to maintain national security. Meanwhile, modern constitutions, although based on secular or nationalist principles, still adopt some universal values aligned with Islamic teachings, such as social justice, human rights, and political participation. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. In conclusion, there is continuity between the principles found in the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions in guaranteeing citizens' rights and obligations. However, effective implementation requires a balance between Islamic values and democratic principles to ensure that citizens' rights are protected without neglecting their obligations to the state and society. 

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the personal data management system. In Indonesia, the enactment of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection is a crucial step in guaranteeing individual privacy rights as part of human rights. This study aims to examine the form of legal accountability for personal data violations based on the provisions of the Law Number 27 of 2022. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory regulatory approach. The results of the study show that violations of personal data can be subject to sanctions in two forms, namely administrative and criminal. These sanctions are given to data controllers and parties proven to have violated the provisions, either due to negligence or deliberate actions. Although it has been regulated normatively, implementation in the field still faces a number of challenges, such as weak supervision, lack of legal literacy in the community, and unpreparedness of digital infrastructure. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen supervisory institutions, ongoing public education, and more responsive law enforcement mechanisms. This research is expected to contribute to the development of regulations and practices for personal data protection in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the state's authority in organizing electronic systems related to freedom of expression in the digital world. The development of technology that gives rise to a dilemma between the needs or activities of society and regulations to protect public interests and individual human rights, especially freedom of expression, makes it necessary to have regulations that accommodate both of these things. Through a prescriptive normative legal research method with a statutory approach, through an analysis of laws and regulations, legal literature, and international human rights instruments, this study examines the state's authority in regulating the implementation of electronic systems that are pro-freedom of expression. The results of the study indicate that the state has the authority to regulate the implementation of electronic systems to determine and enforce restrictions on a person's human rights, which in this case is shown through the ability to terminate access to content. However, the implementation of the provisions that have been in effect has the potential to violate the right to freedom of expression because of the possibility of restrictions on rights that do not meet the principles of legality, legitimate purposes, and proportionality as regulated by laws and regulations, especially the constitution and international human rights standards.

The policy proposal by the West Java Provincial Government to introduce mandatory military training for problematic students has sparked public debate concerning its legality, effectiveness, and the state’s approach to addressing juvenile delinquency. This paper analyzes the policy from a legal perspective, particularly in relation to human rights law and the principles embedded in the national education system. Using a normative juridical method with a conceptual and statutory approach, the study finds that the policy potentially violates children's rights, as well as the principles of non-discrimination and fairness in education. Moreover, the coercive approach through military training is deemed incompatible with the spirit of character development, which should be humanistic and participatory. The paper recommends that interventions for problematic students should focus on value-based education, counseling, and empowerment, rather than militarization. Public policy should ensure the protection of children's rights while upholding the principles of proportionality and appropriateness in disciplinary measures.    

The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an instrument that formulates universal principles and legal norms regarding the status of children, which aims to uphold the principles of recognition of the inherent dignity and equal rights of children who are recognized as human beings and is the basis for freedom, justice and peace with an agreement to ensure that children's basic needs are met.

As the backbone of the global economy, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a very important role. One of the success factors for SMEs is the effective management of Human Resources (HR). HR management is not only about recruiting and retaining employees, but it also involves strategies that blend human potential with business goals. Additionally, managing an employee team can be a challenge that requires the right skills and strategies. From sourcing top talent to designing effective training programs, everything needs to be well organized to support business growth and sustainability. The Community Service Activity of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pelita Bangsa will be carried out online and offline (hybrid), located at the Alam Raya Residence Cluster Block B2 No 12A, Sukasari, Serang Baru, Bekasi Regency and also via Zoom.

The Social studies has an important role in education, namely understanding the wider social world so that students are able to face the challenges of global issues. This research explores the transformation of social studies learning in the modern era, focusing on contemporary global issues such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, health problems, and human rights violations. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this research examines the urgency of social studies education transformation in responding to these issues. The results show that social studies education needs to adopt more interactive and technology-based learning methods, integrate character values, improve digital literacy, and incorporate global issues into the curriculum, the key role of teachers as facilitators and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the transformation. This study concludes that a comprehensive transformation of social studies learning is essential to prepare the younger generation to be responsible global citizens and able to contribute to a better society.  

This research examines the sanctions against premeditated murder within the framework of Indonesia's positive law and Islamic law. The study focuses on analyzing Article 340 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari No. 6878 as primary sources. The method employed is descriptive-analytical with a normative juridical approach, using literature review and qualitative analysis. The findings reveal that both legal systems regard premeditated murder as a serious violation of the right to life. The imposed sanctions aim not only to punish but also to protect social stability and uphold human dignity. The maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah approach, particularly the principle of protecting life, serves as a fundamental basis for these sanctions. This study recommends the integration of substantive justice values and the protection of the right to life in the future development of the national criminal law system.

One of the human rights protected by several national and international legal instruments is freedom of opinion. In a democratic country like Indonesia, it is protected under Article 28e Paragraph (2) and (3) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, in Islam, freedom of opinion is not absolute, meaning that it has a basis based on Sharia principles to uphold the common good. This study uses a qualitative literary analysis method in conjunction with a descriptive-analytical approach with relevant aspects of Islamic law and national regulations. According to the results of the study, Islam encourages behavior that is consistent with the law and does not conflict with Sharia principles, such as not requiring slander, hoaxes, or division. As stated in positive legal regulations, the state also has an obligation to maintain harmony between individual rights and public welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align Sharia law and the right to freedom of opinion to create a democratic society that still respects religious norms.

UMKM are one form of micro, small, and medium enterprises that are formed because of someone's personal desire. UMKM actors must strive to increase competitive advantage, UMKM must increase adaptation to currently developing technology, increase the ability to use social media and digital marketing, increase product innovation, and expand the market are some of the right steps that are worthy of being taken by UMKM actors. This is worthy of being implemented in order to increase the selling value of UMKM, especially in order to be able to compete with foreign products that are increasingly flooding the national market, considering that UMKM are an economic sector that is able to reduce unemployment (Sudaryanto. 2011). UMKM through digital marketing development can help the community increase income so that they can follow the development of entrepreneurship. The method in implementing UMKM empowerment activities is carried out using observation, surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. The results of this empowerment are that this activity was attended by UMKM Cihil Food which has 10 members, socialization of social media and digital marketing through the creation of a special website for UMKM Cihil Food which is combined with Barcode (QR) innovation. Based on this activity, it was found that in improving the welfare of UMKM, what must be done is to make maximum use of technology, improve the community economy, and improve human resources.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital era has raised a variety of ethical issues that urgently need to be addressed wisely. In Indonesia, Pancasila as the foundation of the state has significant potential to become an ethical foundation in the development of responsible and humanity-oriented AI. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, examining various academic sources, such as relevant journals, books, and scientific articles. The analysis was conducted through content analysis techniques and reinforced with source triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that the values of each precept in Pancasila are highly relevant to the ethical principles of AI, such as moral and spiritual responsibility reflected in the first precept, respect for human rights in the second precept, and the importance of democratization of technology and equitable distribution of benefits stated in the fourth and fifth precepts. Therefore, the integration of Pancasila values in every stage of AI development and application is crucial. This is so that the resulting technology is not only technically superior, but also reflects justice, inclusiveness, and commitment to human values. Collaboration between government, academia, industry, and society is the key to making Indonesia a pioneer in ethical and humanist AI development.

Law enforcement holds a central role in shaping social order and ensuring the effective implementation of legal functions in Indonesia. The law is not merely a normative reference but must be strategically positioned as the fundamental basis for resolving disputes and conflicts that emerge within society. In this regard, Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office, particularly Article 2 paragraph (1), clearly stipulates that the Prosecutor’s Office is a state institution entrusted with exercising governmental authority in the field of prosecution, along with other responsibilities mandated by law. Within the framework of criminal justice, the Prosecutor’s Office assumes a pivotal role as Dominus Litis—the ultimate controller of criminal cases. This authority signifies that the Prosecutor’s Office is the only institution empowered to decide whether a particular case, supported by sufficient evidence in line with the Criminal Procedure Code, is eligible to be brought before the court. The prosecutor’s discretionary power in this context highlights its critical position in upholding justice and maintaining the integrity of legal proceedings. Beyond its prosecutorial function, the Prosecutor’s Office also bears the exclusive responsibility for executing criminal judgments, ensuring that court decisions are implemented properly and consistently with the rule of law. This dual function—both as Dominus Litis and executor of judicial decisions—underlines the institutional indispensability of the Prosecutor’s Office in the Indonesian legal system. The institution’s authority is therefore not limited to initiating prosecutions but also extends to safeguarding the finality and enforcement of criminal verdicts, which makes it a cornerstone in the broader architecture of law enforcement. Consequently, strengthening the role and capacity of the Prosecutor’s Office is essential for advancing justice, protecting the rights of citizens, and reinforcing the legitimacy of Indonesia’s legal order.

This research aims to analyse the authority of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob) in handling mass riots and examine the implementation of criminal law in evaluating the actions taken during the operation. This research departs from the importance of ensuring that every action of law enforcement officials, especially Brimob, remains within the corridors of Indonesian positive law and is oriented towards the principles of human rights. The results show that the Brimob Corps has the legal authority under Law No. 2 of 2002 on the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia to deal with high-level situations, including mass riots. In carrying out its duties, Brimob is authorised to use coercive measures, but must still pay attention to the principles of necessity, proportionality, legality, and accountability. The implementation of criminal law is an important instrument in evaluating Brimob's actions, by assessing whether the use of force meets the elements of legal justification such as forced defence or official orders, in accordance with the Criminal Code and human rights principles. It is suggested that there is a need to improve legal training for Brimob members on the limits of the use of force and the implementation of criminal law principles in emergency situations. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen internal and external evaluation mechanisms, including cooperation with independent institutions such as Komnas HAM, to maintain transparency and accountability. Thus, the rule of law and the protection of human rights can be better upheld in every operation to handle mass riots by Brimob officers.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination on the concept of Buddhist economic based on the principles of the Buddha’s teachings in the Sutta Pitaka. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative with literature analysis, collecting data obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary source refers to the main Buddhist scripture, the Tipitaka, especially the Sutta Pitaka section. Secondary sources include books, journals, and articles relevant to the topic, which help to enrich the discussion on the concept of Buddhist economic. The research results show that the Buddhist economic is an approach that integrates the principles of Buddha’s teachings with the practice of wealth accumulation and management based on ethics and morality. Buddhism is a religion that emphasizes moral practice, so the right way to accumulate wealth is by not neglecting Buddhist morality. Human welfare should not be achieved by harming other beings or damaging the environment. Proper wealth management is the wisdom in using wealth to support the achievement of welfare. This study provides an important contribution to Buddhist knowledge about the correct strategies for wealth accumulation and management that support economic growth and welfare while prioritizing morality.

The crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is a crime that violates human rights and is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, where the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is very threatening to the life and environment of the community and the state, the problem discussed is the purpose and modus operandi of the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons,  and a form of legal protection for victims of human trafficking. The formulation of the problem studied is related to the modus operandi that often occurs today, especially in Indonesia in these crimes. How is it related to the form of protection and rehabilitation and the fulfillment of restitution for victims of human trafficking. This research is included in the research of normative juridical law (Legal Reasherc), legislative approaches, philosophical approaches, and historical approaches which are also strengthened by court decisions which has permanent legal force. The modus operandi of the crime of human trafficking is through persuasion or seduction with the promise of being given a well-established and guaranteed job with their safety while working as well as the lure of high salaries so that the victims of human trafficking without thinking long immediately agree to this, this researcher also discusses the legal protection for victims of human trafficking or the crime of exploitation of persons contained in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning The eradication of the crime of trafficking in persons must be implemented and maximized again related to the protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of trafficking in persons.    

Children in conflict with the law (ABH) are part of a vulnerable group that requires a special legal approach and social protection. The development of the concept of the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia has undergone a significant transformation since the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA). This law emphasizes the importance of a restorative justice approach and the resolution of juvenile cases from the formal justice system to a more humane and rehabilitative form. The Correctional Center (BAPAS) as an institution tasked with carrying out guidance and supervision of correctional clients including children, plays a central role in this process. Starting from the pre-adjudication, adjudication, to post-adjudication stages, BAPAS is responsible for ensuring that children's rights are protected and children receive guidance in accordance with the principle of the best interest of the child. However, in practice, there are still many challenges in implementing the role of BAPAS. Starting from limited resources, lack of coordination between institutions, to delays in the preparation of community service and child assistance. Therefore, it is necessary to review the effectiveness and challenges in implementing the BAPAS function within the framework of child rehabilitation and reintegration.

Gender identity is part of human existence in society. In Indonesia, the diversity of gender identities other than male and female, such as waria (male and female), often causes social and cultural debates. Waria are a group that are biologically born as men but express themselves as women, both in appearance and behavior. The acceptance of waria in society is not uniform. On the one hand, some people show a tolerant attitude, especially in urban areas that are more open to diversity. On the other hand, negative stigmas against waria are still widely found, which are affected by their limited access to education, work, health services, and public spaces in general. This study uses a qualitative research type. The subjects of this study are waria in Jember City. In this study, researchers use qualitative methods in collecting data by conducting direct observations to obtain data by writing, recording and explaining what is happening to get the right information. In this study, the phenomenological method was also used by searching for data through face-to-face interviews with informants and meeting the agreed informants.