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This research examines the role of health administration in improving the quality of services in community health centers (Puskesmas). The study aims to assess how well-managed administrative systems can contribute to enhancing service delivery in these facilities. Using a systematic literature review approach, data were collected from a range of academic sources published between 2010 and 2024. The findings highlight that effective health administration, including human resource management, transparent policies, and proper health data management, positively influences service quality. The study also reveals that challenges remain, particularly in areas with limited resources, but that improved administration can mitigate these issues. The implications of these findings suggest that policy makers should focus on strengthening administrative practices at Puskesmas through better resource management and enhanced training for staff. Furthermore, the research offers directions for future studies, recommending more field-based research to validate the relationship between health administration and service quality in varying settings.

Background: In 2021, there were 19.5 million diagnosed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia. In Riau Province, T2DM ranked fifth among the most common conditions treated at community health centers in 2022. Obesity, a major risk factor for T2DM, had a national adult prevalence of 21.8% (Riskesdas 2018) and 24.1% in Riau. At Puskesmas Karya Wanita, 483 new T2DM cases were recorded in 2024, with 434 patients having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². The productive age group is particularly at risk for obesity and T2DM, yet screening remains suboptimal. Therefore, research on the relationship between obesity and T2DM at this primary healthcare facility is essential.Objective: To determine the association between obesity and the incidence of T2DM among individuals of productive age at Puskesmas Rawat Inap Karya Wanita, Pekanbaru.Methods: This was a quantitative analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample included productive age outpatients at the general clinic of Puskesmas Karya Wanita, selected using quota sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square test), and Odds Ratio analyses.Results: A significant association was found between obesity and T2DM (p = 0.0029), with an Odds Ratio of 4.517.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between obesity and T2DM in the productive age group. Individuals with obesity are 4.517 times more likely to develop T2DM compared to those without obesity.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue that significantly affects children's long-term growth and development. One of its primary causes is the lack of knowledge among mothers and families about balanced nutrition and the skills to manage household income effectively. This community engagement program aimed to enhance the knowledge of mothers and families through leaflet-based education on child nutrition and household income management for stunting prevention.The activity was conducted in the working area of Puruk Cahu Public Health Center, Central Kalimantan, involving 30 housewives with children under five years old. The education was delivered through lectures using both leaflet and PowerPoint media, and the implementation consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed that empowering mothers and families through leaflet media is an effective educational strategy. After the intervention, participants showed a significant improvement in understanding the importance of early nutritional intake, the concept of balanced nutrition, and simple strategies for managing household finances to meet their children's nutritional needs. In addition, participants became more aware of the family's active role in ensuring quality food consumption for children and the long-term impacts of malnutrition.It is expected that this increased knowledge will enable mothers and families to become agents of change in preventing stunting and fostering an environment that supports optimal child growth and development.

Public service in the Islamic perspective is a comprehensive concept, integrating religious principles with governance practices to achieve justice, efficiency, and public welfare. This concept is based on the Qur'an and Hadith, which emphasize values ​​such as justice (*'Adl*), responsibility (accountability), consultation (*Shura*), and welfare (*Maslahah*). Public service in Islam is not only a transaction, but also has moral and spiritual aspects, where providing the best service is considered as worship and a form of obedience to Allah. The scope of public service in Islam includes various important sectors such as education, health, law, and socio-economic welfare. Islamic history, especially in the era of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the Khulafaur Rasyidin, shows concrete examples of the application of these principles, such as the construction of mosques as centers of learning, the establishment of hospitals, and the management of Baitul Mal for the fair distribution of resources. In the modern context, especially in Indonesia, Islamic values ​​have proven to play an important role in bureaucratic reform and improving the quality of public services. Despite facing obstacles such as lack of resources and integration between institutions, the application of Islamic principles in public services—as seen in Islamic hospitals and Islamic travel agents—shows the possibility of producing more just, humane, and quality services. Thus, the Islamic approach to public services provides an ethical framework that is flexible, responsive, and focused on the welfare of society.  

Wasting affects health and threatens children potential. Direct factors such as food intake need to be maximized to improve nutritional status. This study aims to determine the differences in energy and macronutrient intake, food parenting, and exclusive breastfeeding history in wasting and non-wasting toddlers in the working area of Sidotopo Wetan Health Center Surabaya. This study is a case control study. Total respondents were 88 toddlers aged 7-60 months, consist 44 wasting toddlers taken with total sampling technique and 44 non-wasting toddlers taken with purposive sampling technique with age and gender matching. Energy intake and macronutrients were obtained by 3x24 hour food recall questionnaire, food parenting patterns obtained from filling out FPSQ (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire) and FPSQ-M (Milk Version) questionnaires, exclusive breastfeeding history obtained through interviews with questionnaires, anthropometric data measured using digital scales and microtoas. Data analysis used independent t-test and Mann Whitney test. The results of this study showed there were significant differences in energy intake (p=0.000), carbohydrates (p=0.023), protein (p=0.000), fat (p=0.000), and exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.003) and there was no significant difference in food parenting (p=0.632) between wasting and non-wasting toddlers. Parents are expected to pay attention to food intake and provide exclusive breastfeeding.

Reproductive health is an important aspect in improving the quality of life of the community, but the level of knowledge about reproductive health is still relatively low due to cultural factors, social norms, and limitations of the educational methods used. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the peer educator method in increasing the level of reproductive health knowledge of the community in the Akelamo Community Health Center, Tidore. This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 24 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. The intervention was carried out through reproductive health education using the peer educator method in small groups. Measurements of knowledge levels were carried out before and after the intervention using a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p < 0.05 . The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 56.3 before the intervention to 78.5 after the intervention. Statistical tests showed a significant difference between the levels of knowledge before and after the intervention (p = 0.001). These results indicate that the peer educator method is effective in increasing public reproductive health knowledge .

E-Puskesmas is a solution to problems caused by manual systems. It was created to streamline the method of reporting data to the Health Office and digitize the process of providing health services to the community at the Puskesmas. In addition, the online reporting system facilitates the dissemination of information effectively and efficiently. This study aims to determine the impact of using E-Puskesmas in improving the effectiveness of health services at the Pancur Community Health Center in Tanjungpinang City. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of E-Puskesmas has brought significant improvements in managing patient data, appointment scheduling, and reporting processes to the Health Office. Health workers find the system beneficial for storing accurate data, reducing paperwork, and enabling faster coordination with other health facilities. However, the use of the system is still hampered by unstable or slow internet or Wi-Fi networks, which often delay data input and retrieval during busy operational hours. This issue not only reduces efficiency but also causes frustration among staff who rely on the system for daily activities. The conclusion of this study highlights that the use of E-Puskesmas is effective in supporting digital health services but remains suboptimal due to technical challenges. Improving internet connectivity is critical to ensuring seamless operation and maximizing the benefits of the system. The study recommends that the local government and relevant stakeholders enhance the quality of network infrastructure and provide regular technical support and training for Puskesmas staff. By addressing these challenges, the Pancur Community Health Center can improve the stability of its operations and ensure that the E-Puskesmas application delivers optimal results in supporting high-quality, efficient, and technology-driven health services for the community.

A 52-year-old female patient presented to the non-communicable disease clinic at the Banda Baro Community Health Center with complaints of pain in the right toe joint for the past two weeks. The pain was described as severe, especially when touched or moved. The patient reported that the toe initially became red and swollen, but the redness had subsided by the time she arrived at the clinic. The patient also complained of feeling weak and occasional tingling in the tips of her toes. She admitted to frequently consuming chicken liver and other offal. She mentioned having experienced a similar condition previously, and previous examinations indicated elevated uric acid levels. She had previously taken allopurinol two years ago, obtained from the health center, to alleviate her symptoms. On physical examination, the patient's blood pressure was 120/70 mmHg, heart rate 87 beats per minute, respiratory rate 19 breaths per minute, and temperature 36.5°C. The patient was prescribed allopurinol 2x100 mg. Primary data was obtained through anamnesis and physical examination by conducting home visits, filling out family folders, and completing patient records. Assessment was based on the initial, ongoing, and final holistic diagnosis of the visit.  Interventions included education on the importance of clean and healthy living habits, avoiding risk factors, medication adherence, and preventing complications that may arise due to hyperuricemia.

Danger signs of pregnancy are signs or symptoms indicating that the mother or fetus is in danger. Knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy is a factor that influences the high Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score of mothers in labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores for mothers in childbirth in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area. This is a quantitative study using an observational cross-sectional approach. The population and sample were 32 people using total sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analysis used chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the mother's knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and HARS scale scores of mothers in labor in the Lamasi Health Center Work Area with a p value = 0.021 < α value = 0.05. It is hoped that health institutions can increase the knowledge of health workers and the community regarding pregnancy danger signs and the HARS score of mothers in labor.

The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increased (OHCA) significantly. The survival rates of OHCA would be decreased 7-10% every minutes. Therefore, the patients with OHCA must be performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. However, CPR is commonly not performed due to lack of knowledge, skills and fair of being transmitted of diseases. Hands Only CPR (HOCPR) is designed for lay rescuer through two simple steps, firstly call the nearest health center, secondly performed compression to the middle of chest. This socialization aimed to improve knowledge and willingness of lay rescuer to perform HOCPR.  This socialization has been done in CFD Samota Sumbawa on 18th  June 2023. More than 100 flayers have been distributed followed by discussion regarding the importance of CPR. The result of the outreach showed that visitor of CFD Samota were very enthusiastic and they were able and willing to perform HOCPR. Therefore, health care centers, such as hospitals, university and organizations related to emergency sector need to actively provide outreach and demonstrations related to HOCPR.

Anthropometry is a direct technique for evaluatingnutritional status, especially protein and energy levels of the body. One of the efforts to develop competent and skilled cadres in anthropometric measurements is through training techniques. To determine the relationship between knowledge, role, motivation and length of service of Posyandu cadres towards the use of anthropometric tools at the Topo Health Center UPTD.Method:This type of research is observational analytic using Cross Sectional Study. The research sample amounted to 30 cadres from 3 active posyandu. Data analysis used the Statistical Program For Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0.Results:Chi Square Testshows that there is no relationship between cadre knowledge and the use of anthropometric tools based on the measurement of the foot scale and stadiometer (p-value> 0.05). There is a relationship between cadre knowledge and the use of anthropometric tools based on the measurement ofLiLa, infantometer, and head circumference (p-value <0.05). While the relationship between work period and the use of anthropometric tools and the relationship between motivation and the use of anthropometric tools is not related (p-value> 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between cadre knowledge and the use of anthropometric tools (measurement ofLiLa, infantometer, and head circumference). There is no significant relationship between work period and the use of anthropometric tools, as well as motivation and the use of anthropometric tools. Suggestion: it is hoped that cadre training will be held frequently and will be improved and more active in using anthropometric tools.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for infant growth, immunity, and overall health. However, many breastfeeding mothers experience difficulties in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding due to improper breastfeeding techniques, low maternal knowledge, and lack of guidance from health workers. Proper application of breastfeeding techniques, including correct latch-on, positioning, and frequency, can improve breastfeeding consistency and prevent early weaning (Sari, 2020; Putri, 2021). Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of breastfeeding techniques on the consistency of exclusive breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers at the Dambalo Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative, pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. Thirty breastfeeding mothers were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, including mothers of infants aged 0–6 months who were willing to participate and had no medical conditions preventing breastfeeding. Results: All 30 participants (100%) applied the recommended breastfeeding techniques after the intervention. Following the intervention, 27 mothers (90%) consistently practiced exclusive breastfeeding, while three mothers (10%) showed partial improvement. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant difference in exclusive breastfeeding consistency before and after the intervention (p = 0.000), indicating that the application of proper breastfeeding techniques significantly improved breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: The application of breastfeeding techniques has a significant positive effect on the consistency of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers at the Dambalo Community Health Center. Structured guidance and practical support from health workers, particularly midwives, are essential to improve maternal skills, reinforce proper practices, and ensure the health and growth of infants.

This community service program was implemented to strengthen the digital literacy and competencies of health cadres in Simogirang Village, Prambon Sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency, particularly in the recording and management of Posyandu (integrated health service post) data. The initiative responded to ongoing issues stemming from manual documentation methods, which were prone to human error, inefficiency, and lack of integration with regional health information systems. To address these challenges, the program delivered an IT-based training module using a combination of direct instruction, demonstrations, and hands-on simulations. The training emphasized the use of accessible and cost-effective tools such as Google Forms and Google Sheets, designed in alignment with the principles of adult learning (andragogy) and Kurt Lewin’s change management model to facilitate behavioral adaptation and technology acceptance among the participants. A total of 25 health cadres participated in the program. Pre- and post-training evaluations demonstrated significant improvement in digital skills, with 80% of participants achieving a minimum of 85% accuracy in completing digital forms and managing records. In addition, a prototype digital system based on Google Workspace was successfully piloted in two Posyandu locations. This system enhanced the timeliness, accuracy, and integration of health data reporting to local health centers (Puskesmas), offering a scalable and sustainable solution for grassroots healthcare data management. Despite the positive outcomes, the program also identified key challenges, notably limited internet infrastructure and varying levels of prior digital exposure among cadres. These findings underscore the need for continuous mentoring, support from local government stakeholders, and potential investment in digital infrastructure. Overall, the initiative contributes to Indonesia’s broader goals of digital transformation in public health, particularly at the village level.

Toddlers are the age group that most often suffers from nutritional problems, both undernutrition and severe malnutrition. Nutritional needs for children need to be considered early in their lives. Malnutrition can have unavoidable bad consequences, namely the worst manifestation can cause death. It is recorded that hundreds of millions of children in the world suffer from deficiencies, meaning that this problem occurs in a very large population. Objective: To determine the factors related to the nutritional status of children at the Moanemani Health Center, Dogiyai Regency. Method:This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, the research sample was 75 children with a total sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Program For Social Science) version 16.0 application using the chi square test. Results: The relationship between maternal employment and p-value (0.02) <0.05, family income valuep-value(0.39) >0.05, maternal education p-value (0.21) >0.05, and maternal knowledge p-value (0.00) <0.05 on toddler nutritional status. Conclusion: Family income and pThere is no significant relationship between maternal education and child nutritional status,workMothers and mothers' knowledge have a significant relationship with the nutritional status of children at the Moanemani Health Center, Dogiyai Regency.. Suggestion: It is expected that mothers at the Moanemani Health Center can update their knowledge about nutritional status so that the nutritional status of children is also optimal.

The use of formula milk for infants is still common in the early stages of life and has the potential to hinder successful breastfeeding, even though the benefits of breast milk have been widely proven. Education and lactation counseling are considered important strategies to support breastfeeding practices and reduce the unnecessary use of formula milk. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula milk use is still limited, especially in the context of primary health care in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 20 mothers who had infants and met the inclusion criteria in the Popayato Community Health Center working area, selected using total sampling technique. The intervention took the form of structured lactation counseling provided by health workers. The intensity of formula feeding was measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of formula feeding after lactation counseling. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the intensity of formula feeding before and after education (p = 0.000). Lactation counseling was proven to be effective in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This educational intervention has the potential to be an important promotional strategy in maternal and child health services to support more optimal breastfeeding practices..

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional disorderl in toddlers that is permanent and irreparable (irreversible) if it occurs during the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). One significant risk factor is birth spacing that is too close, which affects the mother's nutritional status and the quality of fetal nutrient intake. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of stunting among toddlers on Morotai Island. Methods: An analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 30 respondents selected through accidental sampling in the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area of Morotai. Data were collected through questionnaires, MCH (Maternal and Child Health) books, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using Simple Logistic Regression test. Results: The majority of respondents had a birth spacing of 3-4 years (40%), but the prevalence of stunting remained quite high at 43.3%. The statistical test results showed a p-value = 0.005 (p < 0.05), proving a significant relationship between birth spacing and the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between pregnancy/birth spacing and the incidence of stunting among toddlers on Morotai Island.

Digital transformation in health services faces significant challenges, particularly the gap between rapid technological advancements and the readiness of institutional work culture. This study investigates the cultural lag experienced during the implementation of digital systems at the East Nunukan Health Center. Using an observational qualitative approach, it examines health workers' responses to digital applications such as e-Puskesmas and various Health Information Systems. The findings reveal substantial resistance to change, attributed to factors like limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and the persistence of traditional work patterns. Despite the introduction of digital systems, healthcare practices remain largely dependent on manual methods, highlighting the disconnect between technological progress and the socio-cultural preparedness of healthcare organizations. The study concludes that this cultural lag within healthcare institutions can significantly impede the effectiveness of digital transformation efforts. To address these issues, the research advocates for ongoing training, improvement of supporting facilities, and the adoption of strategies that align with local work culture. This research provides valuable insights into the socio-cultural dynamics affecting the digitization of public services, especially in border regions with limited technological access.

Malaria remains a significant public health issue both globally and in Indonesia, particularly affecting high-risk groups such as infants, young children, and pregnant women. The increasing incidence of malaria is closely linked to environmental and behavioral factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between community behavior and environmental conditions with malaria incidence at the Arso City Health Center, Keerom Regency. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used, allowing analysis of variables at a single point in time. The sample was selected through simple random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings revealed that there is no significant relationship between the habit of going outside the house and malaria incidence (p = 0.07). However, there is a significant relationship between the use of mosquito repellent and malaria incidence (p = 0.000). Similarly, using mosquito nets and gauze also showed a significant relationship with reduced malaria cases. Environmental aspects such as mosquito breeding sites and unsealed house walls were also found to be significantly associated with malaria occurrence. These results suggest that both behavioral factors—particularly protective measures—and environmental conditions contribute to malaria transmission in the community. Public health efforts should prioritize education on preventive behaviors and improvements in living environments to reduce malaria risk.

The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey stated that the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in Sumatera Utara Province was quite low, namely 43.9%. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is closely related to the lack of knowledge of postpartum mothers, which is a predisposing factor that encourages mothers to only give breast milk for 6 months to their babies. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to postpartum mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding in the Tuntungan Health Center work area, Pancur Batu Subdistrict. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in the study were postpartum mothers in the Tuntungan Health Center work area who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely 50 people. The data collected were primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to postpartum mothers. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Based on the study conducted, it is known that there is a relationship between age (p-value = 0.015), education (p-value = 0.026), and parity (p-value = 0.008) with postpartum mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. There is no relationship between occupation (p-value = 0.224) and postpartum mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that health workers in the Tuntungan Health Center work area, Pancur Batu Subdistrict, to improve the knowledge of postpartum mothers, especially for young mothers (<20 years) and primigravida mothers. It is also recommended that postpartum mothers improve their knowledge through various media, especially social media.

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a common middle ear infection in children, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of AOM in children treated at rural health centers (puskesmas) and to examine the barriers to effective management. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through a literature review analyzing symptoms, stages, risk factors, and treatment approaches. The findings reveal that AOM in children often begins with an upper respiratory tract infection and presents with sudden ear pain, high fever, sleep disturbances, and ear discharge. Risk factors include young age, poor environmental conditions, and limited access to healthcare services. Management of AOM depends on its clinical stage and requires accurate diagnosis. However, in rural puskesmas, a lack of diagnostic tools and limited public awareness often leads to delayed treatment. Therefore, it is essential to provide health workers with basic ENT training, ensure the availability of diagnostic equipment, and educate parents to enable early detection and prevent complications that could affect a child’s development.