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The role of communication is very important for social life, because basically communication is a basic human activity and is a dynamic transactional process that influences behavior. According to communication experts, there are many forms of communication such as interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, organizational communication, and others. Based on temporary observations in Talaga Raya District, Central Buton Regency, there are several children with disabilities. These disabled children experience mental retardation, growth and development and speech disabilities, hearing impairments, and physical disabilities, so they are quite slow, making communication less slow, compared to normal children in general. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. Their attitudes and behavior are not as cheerful as children in general and they also have difficulty communicating and interacting with other people. From this problem, researchers are interested in researching "Communication Patterns of Mothers and Children with Disabilities in Talaga Raya District, Central Buton Regency." The results of this research are that the communication patterns of mothers and children with disabilities in Talaga Raya District, Central Buton Regency are quite good, although a little passive. in carrying out this communication pattern. Because communication must be done with body language, be patient, speak with a loud voice and slow intonation and speak by repeating words. Apart from that, when a child with a disability is angry if the child's wishes are not followed, the mother must speak patiently because the mother must try to understand what the child means and learn about what the child with a disability wants.

This study aims to analyze the communication of marine mammals, especially whales and dolphins, through a bioacoustic approach combined with computational science as an effort to support conservation in the Tropical Ocean region. The focus of the location is on the Banda Sea, the Seram Sea, and the tropical Pacific region which are important migration routes for marine mammals. Data were obtained from underwater sound recordings using hydrophones, accompanied by visual observations to validate the behavior and existence of species. The analysis is carried out through several stages, including signal pre-processing with noise filtering and sound segmentation, spectral analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), as well as the creation of a spectrogram to visualize vocalization patterns. Machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to classify interspecies voices, while deep learning approaches are applied to identify more complex communication patterns, including dialect variations. The results showed that whales produced low-frequency vocalizations (20–200 Hz) for long-distance communication, while dolphins used high-frequency clicks and whistles (5–20 kHz) for echolocation and social interaction. The integration of bioacoustics and artificial intelligence improves the accuracy of sound classification by more than 90%. These findings confirm the effectiveness of computational-based non-invasive methods in monitoring the presence and behavior of marine mammals and provide a scientific basis for sustainable conservation.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing bullying behavior in children, as well as the ways of addressing bullying behavior within the family environment by parents and within the school environment by the school authorities. The research subjects are children aged 9 to 12 years, parents, and teachers, from whom data is collected to understand the causes and solutions to bullying behavior. A qualitative research approach is employed, involving observation, interviews, and documentation of the research subjects. The study is conducted at the Mutiara Titipan Illahi Foundation in Tasikmalaya. The research findings indicate that the factors leading to bullying activities include the perpetrators feeling stronger and more powerful in front of their peers, as well as family factors such as lack of harmony and deep communication within the family. The efforts made by teachers involve providing intensive guidance and moral support to both the bullies and the victims, thus effectively addressing bullying activities. Parents' efforts in dealing with bullying perpetrators involve increasing the level of communication between parents and children, so that children feel supervised and experience a deterrent effect.

Adolescence is a period marked by significant physical and psychosocial changes. These changes have potential risks that can affect an individual's future. One of the factors that increase the risk is the lack of knowledge and communication by parents to their children regarding reproductive health behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental communication patterns and adolescent reproductive health behavior at SMK Negeri 15 Kota Bekasi. The type of quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was 34 respondents. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate. The results of the study showed that the communication patterns of parents with adolescents were mostly in the good category (91.2%). Adolescent reproductive health behavior was mostly in the less good category (70.6%). The results of the chi-square statistical test obtained a p value = 0.539, meaning there was no relationship between parental communication patterns and adolescent reproductive health behavior. There was no significant relationship between parental communication patterns and adolescent reproductive health behavior. Although effective communication between parents and adolescents is important, it is not enough to guarantee good reproductive health behavior among adolescents.

This research aims to discuss the greeting patterns of the Indonesian language used by junior high school students at Unismuh Makassar. The data in this study consists of the oral utterances of Unismuh Makassar junior high school students that contain greetings or various forms of greetings spoken by the speaker. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative. The primary data is information obtained directly through observation of student conversations and interviews related to the required data, consisting of 10 questions. Meanwhile, the secondary data is information obtained from other sources regarding the junior high school students of Unismuh Makassar. The observation method technique is used in this research. The results of this study are as follows: (1) At Unismuh Makassar Junior High School, students' multilingual verbal interactions reflect a combination of Makassar and Indonesian languages. Students use greetings such as "mauka," "kakak," "adik," "Ibu," and "Bapak," as well as informal greetings like "Cika," "Beb," "Eh," and "Weh." These greetings indicate a variety of contexts, from formal forms that show respect to informal ones that indicate closeness. (2) Unismuh Makassar junior high school students demonstrate the integration of Indonesian and Makassar languages in their greeting patterns. They combine both languages, such as using "mauko" when meeting friends. In formal situations, like interacting with teachers, students use the Makassar language as a form of respect. This reaffirms the role of both in students' daily communication.

In general, this study aims to describe the communication patterns of single parents with their children in instilling children's social attitudes in Pulo Brayan Bengkel Village and describe the social attitudes of children who are cared for by single parents. The research approach used was qualitative research that was descriptive by interviewing resource persons who were single parents and children aged 12-18 years in Environment V Pulo Brayan Bengkel. The subjects of this study were 10 single parents living in Ward V Pulo Brayan Bengkel.The results showed that there were single parents who used authorian/authoritarian communication patterns of 4 people with a percentage of 40 percent, authoritative/democratic communication patterns totaling 5 people with a percentage of 50 percent, and permissive communication patterns of 1 person with a percentage of 10 percent. Children's social attitudes show authorian communication patterns increase the attitude of helping children, there is no difference between communication patterns and caring attitudes because all children who are cared for by single parents whose various communication patterns have high concern. Authoritative communication patterns support to instill timely discipline in children, authoritarian communication patterns sometimes have an impact on children sometimes dishonest when they feel difficulties with their parents and lack of openness to their parents, and children's socialization activities in making friends with friends around are not too influenced by the communication patterns used by parents but from the nature of each child but communication patterns that are  Providing freedom (permissive) and giving mutual agreement (authoritative) tend to have more friends than communication patterns that require high obedience in children (authoritarian).

The phenomenon of temper tantrums indicates an indication of inhibited emotional development in children which makes children express the negative emotions they feel through aggressive behavior. Therefore, good communication behavior is needed from parents, especially mothers as the closest scope owned by children to deal with the condition of children who experience tantrums. This study aims to determine the motives, experiences, and behavior of mother-child communication in dealing with children who experience temper tantrums, as well as to know the meaning of the phenomenon of temper tantrums for mothers. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological study approach and in collecting data using interview techniques. The main informants in this study were five mothers who had experience in handling their children who experienced temper tantrums at an early age. The results showed that the because of motives were due to the mother's communication behavior in dealing with children who experienced temper tantrums at an early age, including mothers having sensitivity and awareness towards children who experienced speech delay. The existence of several conditions that could trigger tantrum behavior in children to appear, such as events that occurred or experienced by the child is not in accordance with his expectations. In addition, through the communication behavior that is carried out, the mother has hope as an in order to motive so that in the future the child can communicate well. There are several communication behaviors that are carried out by mothers in dealing with the aggressive behavior of children they receive, such as inviting communication and giving understanding, providing opportunities and space for children, giving physical touch, not leaving children alone, scolding, and cutting off children's behavior, tweaking, and applying patterns. routine communication with children every day. Meanwhile, mothers interpret the phenomenon of temper tantrums that occur in children as something that makes them sad, tired, stressed, and embarrassed. However, mothers think this is also a test and part of the child's development process that they have to face and go through.

Background: The application of patient safety goals is an effort made by hospitals to improve the quality of health services. Handover activities that are not accompanied by effective communication can cause errors that can harm the patient. Recommendations from WHO require nurses to improve communication patterns, especially when carrying out handovers, namely by using SBAR communication which consists of Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation. Based on the data summary of reported incidents that occurred in the hospital as many as 20 incident cases in the past year, including cases of KTD, KNC, KTC and KPCS. From these incidents, there were 6 cases related to miscommunication during handovers. Some nurses still do not apply the SBAR communication method when carrying out handovers, resulting in cutting/lagging of the information provided and resulting in incidents. Objective:to determine the reltionshipbetween SBAR Communication during handover and the implementation of patient safety at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. Methods: This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all inpatient nurses at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital with total sampling, which consisted of 63 respondents. Results: showed that 41 respondents (65%) used SBAR communication during handovers in the good category and implemented patient safety. Conclusion:This means that the implementation of SBAR communication during the handover is good but not optimal because there are still 35% who have not implemented it. Based on the chi square test, there is a relationship between SBAR communication during handover and the application of patient safety (p=0.000 <0.05). Suggestion:, it is expected that nurses can carry out SBAR communication during handovers effectively so that they can implement patient safety optimallyKeywords : Newbron, Skin wrap, hypothermia.

This study aims to investigate the influence of reward & punishment strategies, internal public relations, and digital marketing on company profitability. Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilizes purposive sampling to select participants from various industries, aiming for diverse perspectives. Data analysis involves thematic coding to identify patterns and themes emerging from interviews and textual analysis of relevant documents. Preliminary findings suggest that effective implementation of reward & punishment strategies, coupled with robust internal public relations and adept digital marketing, significantly impacts company profitability. The study underscores the importance of cohesive internal communication and strategic digital marketing efforts in enhancing organizational performance and financial outcomes.

Communication becomes very important in people's lives, because with indirect communication we can understand the attitudes, behaviors and actions of the environment around us. Communication that occurs between the Batak and Javanese tribes that occurs is called intercultural communication which involves two or more people with different cultural backgrounds. Communication and interaction between Batak and Javanese tribes in Environment II Untemanis is intertwined with the process of understanding each other's differences. This study is intended to determine the pattern of intercultural communication between Batak and Javanese tribes in Environment II Untemanis, Losung Batu Village, North Padangsidimpuan District, Padangsidimpuan Regency, North Sumatra. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study amounted to 14 informants determined purposively, consisting of the head of ligkungan II Untemanis, traditional leaders / hatobangon, and Batak and Javanese people who were at least domiciled for 3-4 years. Data collection is carried out by interview, observation and documentation techniques. In analyzing data, this study uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study show that communities in Environment II Untemanis coexist harmoniously through a process of adjustment and then accept each other's differences. In the process of communication and interaction these two tribes use mixed languages, namely Batak, Javanese and Indonesian. Despite having different cultural backgrounds, Batak and Javanese people in this environment live without any discrimination. The existence of high tolerance in Environment II Untemanis makes community life harmonious and open to each other. The pattern of communication that occurs between the Batak and Javanese tribes in this environment is a circular pattern. The creation of a circular pattern that indicates a reciprocal process due to supporting factors, namely the ability to communicate, mutual acceptance and respect between cultures, and the adaptability of the Batak and Javanese people.

The purpose of this research is to provide understanding of English phonology to the learners who are new with English phonology. The method used in this research is literature review. This discussion explores the study of English sounds, known as English phonology. It covers important topics for beginners, such as understanding the basic units of sounds (phonemes) and their variations (allophones). The chat also introduces processes like assimilation, dissimilation, and deletion that affect how sounds change in spoken English. Additionally, it explains vowel and consonant reduction, which impact how certain sounds are pronounced. Lastly, the chat provides an overview of classifying consonant and vowel sounds based on their characteristics. By learning about these aspects, beginners can improve their pronunciation, understand different sound patterns, and enhance their overall communication skills in English.

Children who grow up in orphanages have the same rights as children who are in a family environment. Communication carried out by caregivers to provide motivation to foster children in terms of self-confidence. Based on this, orphanage caregivers need to carry out good communication patterns in increasing the confidence of foster children. The theory used in this study is the theory of social penetration popularized by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor. This theory discusses the development of relationships through 4 stages, namely the orientation stage, the exploratory exchange stage, the affective exchange stage, and the stable exchange stage. This research uses a qualitative approach. Researchers use the constructivist paradigm, where knowledge is the result of human construction. Data collection techniques in this study through direct observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the pattern of communication of caregivers to foster children in increasing self-confidence in the Asyiyah orphanage was a wheel pattern, and a star pattern. The relationship between caregivers and foster children goes through 4 stages, namely the orientation stage, the exploratory exchange stage, the affective exchange stage, and the stable exchange stage. Factors that influence the increase in self-confidence in foster children are environmental factors and educational factors.

This research explores the role of emotions in intercultural communication through an ethnographic study of a multicultural community. Findings show significant variations in patterns of emotional expression across different ethnic groups and cultures, where cultural norms play an important role. Emotions such as joy, anger and disappointment are expressed differently based on cultural background, with examples such as East Asian holistic approaches compared to North American individual focus. Emotion regulation strategies also vary, influenced by the situation, individual disposition and cultural adaptations. Cultural values, norms and beliefs impact emotional experiences, with the interaction of gender and culture shaping the perception and expression of emotions.  Emotions play a key role in the dynamics of intercultural interactions, influencing relationship formation and the potential for conflict. Practical implications emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive communication for effective diversity management in organizations, improving team efficiency, and supporting organizational change. The research contributes theoretically by offering insights into the complexity of emotional processes in culturally diverse environments, enriching intercultural communication theory and the psychology of emotion. These results confirm the importance of an in-depth understanding of cultural diversity in emotions to promote more harmonious and effective interactions in multicultural environments.

This study aims to investigate the intertextual understanding of Ecclesiastes in English by theology students and the opinions of the general public. The main focus of this research is to understand how students can read and understand the Bible, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, in English. In addition, this study also seeks to explain how students and the community can form active communication and discussions regarding intertextual understanding. In addition, this research aims to explore how Christians in Jakarta, especially in suburban areas such as Bekasi, Depok, Tangerang, and Bogor, view the presence of Christian theology students in contributing to society. The research method used in this study involved opinion surveys and interviews with theology students and the general public. Theology students will be asked to read and understand the book of Ecclesiastes in English translation, while their opinions and responses will be collected through surveys and interviews. Opinions from the general public will be collected through a survey which will be disseminated in various areas of Jakarta, especially in the suburbs. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively to identify the main patterns and findings in intertextual understanding and perceptions of the contribution of Christian theology students in society. This research is expected to provide practical benefits in increasing understanding of the Bible in English, especially the Book of Ecclesiastes, as well as strengthening active communication and discussion in intertextual understanding. In addition, the results of this study can strengthen the relationship between Christian theology students and the community, especially in the Jakarta area, by demonstrating their contribution to service and positive contributions to society.

Communication between parents and children is an important aspect in the formation of healthy family relationships. However, with the advent of digital technology, communication patterns between parents and children have changed significantly. This article discusses changes in parent-child communication in the digital era and the impact it has on parent-child relationships. This article also discusses the positive and negative impacts of changes in parent-child communication as well as strategies that can be taken by parents to optimize communication with children in the digital era. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information and advice for parents who want to maintain good communication relations with their children in the digital age and emphasize the importance of effective communication in family relationships. In this article, we use sources from scientific and research journals related to changes in parent-child communication in the digital era and their impact on family relationships.

Language is the primary tool humans use to convey thoughts and messages, both verbally and in writing. According to experts, language is a system of sound symbols used for communication and interaction, consisting of phonology, lexicon, and grammar. Phonology studies the sounds of language and is a crucial aspect of linguistics, divided into phonetics and phonemics. Language plays an important role in daily life, not only as a communication tool but also as a reflection of individual or group identity. Language preserves cultural heritage and strengthens social relationships within a community. Proper use of language facilitates communication and influences the understanding of the interlocutor. The development of globalization makes language a means of cross-cultural connection, aiding in collaboration and participation between countries. However, every language faces challenges in pronunciation, word formation, writing, and sentence usage. Phonological disorders, such as in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, affect speaking ability and language comprehension. A cleft lip causes difficulties in producing certain consonants, while stuttering causes disruptions in speech flow. Phonological error analysis helps to understand the patterns of sound production errors and design interventions to improve speaking abilities. This research is essential for identifying phonological disorders and developing effective therapy methods. The study titled "Phonological Disorders in Mustofa in the Wkwk Project Podcast by Genflik" aims to gain a deeper understanding of phonological disorders in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, and to find solutions to improve their communication abilities.    

The more rapid development of information technology, this has an impact and can cause changes in people's thinking patterns in communicating. In the past, the way people used to communicate remotely was still manual, namely by using letters. The lack of efficiency in sending letters encourages people's mindsets to create innovations that facilitate long-distance communication, namely via SMS, email, WhatsApp and the internet. One of the impacts of the development of message delivery technology is the tapping of data which makes the user feel insecure. One way to secure data breaches is by securing the sender's and recipient's email passwords using AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cryptography. We conclude that the AES algorithm can be applied to encrypt passwords, so that passwords cannot be easily read by other users. In addition, the password will not be easily cracked.

This study investigates the impact of character formation, religious education, and school environment on digital literacy-driven communication. The research aims to understand how these factors shape individuals' abilities and behaviors in digital communication. Employing a qualitative research model, data collection will involve interviews and observations. The sampling technique will employ purposive sampling to ensure representation across various demographics. Data analysis will employ thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes within the collected data. The study anticipates revealing insights into how character formation, religious education, and school environment interact to influence digital literacy and communication practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between traditional values and digital engagement.      

This study aims to examine the relationship between family communication patterns and adolescent stress levels in Bandung City. Using a survey method with 150 adolescent respondents aged 13-18 years, data were collected through a questionnaire measuring the dimensions of openness, support, conflict, and control in family communication as well as adolescent stress levels. Descriptive analysis showed variation in family communication patterns, with high levels of openness and support and low conflict. Pearson correlation tests showed a significant relationship between communication patterns and stress levels. Linear regression analysis revealed that openness and support in family communication significantly decreased stress levels, while conflict and control increased them. The t-test and F-test showed that the regression model was significant overall and each independent variable had a significant effect on stress levels. These findings emphasize the importance of open and supportive communication in the family to reduce stress levels in adolescents.  

Education is the basic thing that is needed by humans to face the challenges of life, education also plays a very important role in determining the future of future generations. The educational process, both the means and methods, always evolves to keep up with the times, so educators or designers of educational methods must always update to adapt to the challenges of the times. So that we are not left behind by the progress of the times and advances in information technology. Currently we are in the millennial era of Generation X or what we are more familiar with calling it the Now Age, so it is imperative that all educational patterns, methods and educational facilities adapt to the Minenia Era or the Now Age Generation. Advances in technology in the field of information and communication is a useful thing in the world of science. Likewise with our children, they live not in our time, they live with the challenges of technological progress and information that is so fast, our children should always be able to keep up with the times and take advantage of technological advances to make it easier for them to carry out the learning process and obtain various information. useful for life. So the authors think it is very important for children to always interact with current information technology developments.