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This article discusses the evaluation of learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) through a library research approach. Evaluation is a crucial component of the learning process, as it measures the extent to which learning objectives cognitive, affective, and psychomotor have been achieved. In practice, PAI evaluations still tend to emphasize the cognitive aspect, while the affective and psychomotor domains receive less attention. Findings from various literature sources emphasize the importance of holistic evaluation that comprehensively assesses all learning domains. Alternative methods such as observation, portfolios, reflective journals, self-assessment, and religious project-based evaluations are recommended to capture students' learning outcomes more accurately. However, implementation challenges persist, including limited time, insufficient teacher training, and a lack of appropriate evaluation tools. Therefore, this article recommends enhanced teacher capacity-building, supportive policies, and innovation in evaluation systems so that PAI assessment moves beyond administrative formality and effectively fosters students’ Islamic character development in a holistic manner

The transformation of digital leadership in education has become an urgent necessity amid rapid technological advancements and shifting social paradigms. This study aims to identify multiplying factors in digital leadership, examine strategies for accelerating transformation, and integrate Biblical leadership values within the digital context. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, the paper finds that transformational leadership styles, distributed leadership, human resource digital competencies, innovation culture, technological infrastructure, and data-driven decision-making play crucial roles in enhancing digital leadership transformation. Moreover, values such as humility, wisdom, integrity, and love, as taught in the Bible, provide a strong moral foundation for leadership in the digital era. The study recommends capacity building for leaders, the development of learning communities, supportive policies, and the integration of ethical-spiritual values as key drivers for successful leadership transformation in education.

The development of digital technology has encouraged organisations to adopt big data analytics in human resource management (HRM), but there are still challenges in leveraging it for effective decision-making. This study aims to investigate the effect of big data utilisation on the quality of HR decision-making and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. A quantitative method with purposive sampling survey was conducted on 100-150 respondents from companies that have implemented big data-based management information systems and HR analytics. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software. The results showed that big data analytics significantly improved the quality of HR decision-making, with HR digital competencies and organisational culture as important mediating factors. However, challenges related to cultural resistance and limited expertise were found to affect the effectiveness of implementation. The practical implications of this research emphasise the importance of HR digital capacity building and ethical data governance to support the transformation of HRM into an adaptive strategic function in the digital era. This research also contributes to the development of data-driven management theory with a holistic approach that integrates technical, human, and ethical aspects.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program in Bunut District, Pelalawan Regency. The PTSL program as a government effort to provide legal certainty over land ownership requires cooperation from various stakeholders in its implementation. With a qualitative approach and case study design, this study uses the collaborative governance framework from Emerson et al. (2012) to analyze three main dimensions of collaboration: principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 27 informants, participant observation, focus group discussions, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that multi-stakeholder collaboration in the implementation of PTSL in Bunut District shows varying effectiveness in various dimensions. In the principled engagement dimension, collaboration is quite effective in the aspects of discovery and definition, but is still limited in the aspects of deliberation and determination. In the shared motivation dimension, there are limitations in building mutual trust and understanding between the community and technical agencies. Meanwhile, in the capacity for joint action dimension, there are strengths in the aspects of procedural arrangements and leadership, but significant limitations in the aspects of knowledge and resources. Supporting factors for collaboration include political commitment, community awareness, the role of traditional leaders, effective communication platforms, and academic involvement. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include differences in interests between stakeholders, limited technical capacity at the village level, communication and coordination problems, historical land complexity, and budget constraints. The study recommends strategies to increase the effectiveness of collaboration through strengthening multi-stakeholder forum institutions, developing technical capacity, increasing transparency and accountability, developing effective conflict resolution mechanisms, strengthening the role of village governments, and allocating adequate resources. The research findings contribute to the development of collaborative governance theory in the Indonesian context, especially in rural areas with unique socio-cultural characteristics.  

process standardization, and system optimization. The study concludes that the HOT-FIT model is This study evaluates the performance of the outpatient registration information system at RSUD Komodo using the Human-Organization-Technology Fit (HOT-FIT) framework. Hospital Information Systems, particularly in the outpatient registration process, are crucial for supporting service efficiency and data accuracy. However, RSUD Komodo has experienced several challenges in the implementation of its SIMRS module, including system slowdowns, sudden monitor failures, and unstable internet connectivity during service hours. These issues hinder operational effectiveness and risk compromising service quality. The objective of this research is to assess system performance comprehensively across human, organizational, and technological dimensions. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, involving in-depth interviews with five key informants: registration staff, IT personnel, coder, head of the medical records unit, and head of the casemix team. The findings show that in the human dimension, users lacked sufficient training and adaptation strategies. In the organizational aspect, weak coordination and the absence of standardized procedures were identified. In the technology dimension, hardware malfunctions and slow system performance significantly disrupted services. These interconnected issues reveal the need for capacity buildingan effective tool for evaluating hospital information systems, offering a structured approach to identifying and resolving performance gaps in outpatient service modules.

This research evaluates the implementation of public policies related to natural resource management in Makassar City, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study examines the effectiveness, challenges, and impacts of these policies on sustainable development practices. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 key informants including government officials, resource managers, and affected community members, complemented by document analysis of policy papers and reports. The findings reveal significant gaps between policy formulation and implementation due to institutional fragmentation, limited community participation, and inadequate human resource capacity. While some policies have increased public awareness of conservation, others have failed to prevent environmental degradation, including water quality deterioration and deforestation. This study contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of natural resource governance in rapidly developing urban centers and offers practical recommendations for improving policy implementation through enhanced inter-agency coordination, meaningful community engagement, and capacity building initiatives.

This study analyzes the policy of regrouping higher education institutions in Indonesia in facing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 5.0. Through a comprehensive literature study, this study identifies the gap between the current policy of merging higher education institutions and the demands of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 which focuses on human-technology integration. The findings indicate that the regrouping policy requires a more holistic approach and is oriented towards developing institutional capacity to create an adaptive and sustainable higher education ecosystem. This study proposes a regrouping policy framework that considers aspects of digital transformation, strengthening triple helix collaboration, and building institutional capacity based on Society 5.0 values. The implications of the results of this study can be a reference for policy makers in reforming the strategy of merging higher education institutions that are globally competitive but still maintain local wisdom values.

This essay examines Nigeria's leadership dilemma and civil-military relations in the twenty-first century. The connections between the civilian authority (CAU) and non-governmental civilian organizations are known as civil-military relations (CMR) organizations (NGCG) against the military. However, peacebuilding is a strategy for fostering reconciliation and capacity building that aims to stop conflict or its resumption. The study looks at South West Nigeria's peacebuilding and civil-military relations from 2011 to 2018. The documentary research approach was used for this study, while content analysis was used to examine the work's content. Data for the research project was gathered through observation and documentary investigations. Agency theory is the theory used in this investigation. The results showed that: the military voluntarily accepts their subordinate status to the civilian authority or his representatives because of a constitutional provision that allows for their subordination to civilian authority; Additional results indicate that there was a bad peace between the military and non-governmental civilian groups because of the disputes between the two groups, which were centered on mass harassment and intimidation. The National Assembly should pass legislation requiring only former military personnel to serve as ministers of defense and police, respectively, according to the study's recommendations. Once more, the National Assembly should establish the Independent Monitoring Operation on Military (IMOM) from among non-governmental civilian organizations to keep an eye on troops' movements and actions. It should also have the authority to reprimand and sanction soldiers.

Integrated public services in a one-stop service system, such as the one implemented at the Mal Pelayanan Publik (MPP) Badung, serve as an answer to the public's demand for efficient, fast, and transparent bureaucracy. However, in its implementation, MPP still faces various strategic challenges, such as fragmentation between agencies, limited human resources, and suboptimal digital system integration that supports cross-sector services. This study aims to analyze adaptive and collaborative managerial strategies to address these challenges and explore digital innovation opportunities to improve service quality. By using a literature review method from various journals, policy reports, and supporting documents, this study shows that the success of the one-stop service system greatly depends on visionary leadership, synergy between agencies, and adequate technological support. The discussion concludes that flexible, responsive managerial strategies that emphasize cross-agency collaboration can enhance efficiency and user satisfaction. Therefore, updating digital systems, involving the community, and improving human resource capacity are crucial steps in realizing modern and sustainable public services. Another key factor for success is the adoption of innovative digital technologies. By investing in digital infrastructure, MPP can automate many of its processes, reducing paperwork, speeding up response times, and ensuring better coordination between departments. The development of user-friendly platforms and mobile applications will also allow citizens to access services more easily, improving their satisfaction. Additionally, involving the community in the decision-making process through feedback and engagement mechanisms can help identify areas for improvement and tailor services to better meet the public's needs. To ensure long-term success, continuous capacity building for human resources is essential. Well-trained staff, equipped with the skills and knowledge to operate advanced systems, will be able to provide higher-quality services.

Social changes and lifestyles of the elderly and children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage are very different from before living in the orphanage and after living in the orphanage. The purpose of this study was to see the extent of social changes and lifestyles of the elderly and children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage. The method used in this study is capacity building which aims to increase individual or group understanding of the problems they face while equipping them with ways to overcome them independently. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the knowledge of the elderly about cholesterol and hypertension. Before the intervention, 40% of the elderly still did not understand the mpact of cholesterol and hypertension. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in children's knowledge about healthy lifestyles. As many as 30% of children at the Al-Hikmah orphanage still did not understand what a healthy lifestyle was

The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) has increased the risk of cybercrime in Indonesia. Law enforcement against this crime faces various obstacles and challenges, both in terms of regulations, the capacity of law enforcement officials, and public awareness. This study aims to analyze the obstacles and challenges in law enforcement against violent crime in Indonesia and provide recommendations to improve its effectiveness. Through a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study uses primary data from interviews with law enforcement officials, academics, and cybersecurity practitioners, as well as secondary data from laws and regulations and related reports. The results of the study show that existing regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law), still have weaknesses in accommodating the development of cybercrime. In addition, limited human and technological resources in law enforcement institutions, as well as low public awareness of cybersecurity, also hinder the effectiveness of law enforcement. To address these challenges, the study recommends more adaptive regulatory revisions, capacity building of law enforcement officials through more advanced training and technology, and public education campaigns to increase public awareness of cybersecurity. In addition, international cooperation needs to be strengthened to deal with transboundary crimes.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers' work ethic in character building of students at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua, North Nias Regency. The work ethic possessed by a teacher not only affects the quality of learning, but also has a significant impact on the formation of students' character, in terms of discipline, responsibility, and integrity. PAK teachers have a strategic role in instilling moral and spiritual values ​​through role models and teachings applied in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to describe the work ethic of PAK teachers that contributes to the formation of students' character. The results of the study indicate that the work ethic of PAK teachers, which includes exemplary behavior, discipline, and commitment to the profession, has an impact on the formation of students' character at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua. Students who are equipped with the basic work ethic of teachers show an increase in attitudes of discipline, responsibility, and honesty. The conclusion in this study is that strengthening the capacity of PAK teachers in integrating work ethic in all aspects of learning is useful for supporting the formation of students' character.

Fraud poses a significant threat to organizational integrity and public trust, especially within governmental institutions. This study explores the critical role of forensic accountants in uncovering fraud within the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a case study approach, the research examines the application of advanced forensic data analytics by forensic accountants. It highlights the essential skills and characteristics that make forensic accountants effective, as well as their contributions to enhancing internal controls and governance mechanisms. The study demonstrates the impact of forensic accounting on fraud detection, prevention, and deterrence. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating forensic accounting expertise within the Audit Board's operational framework to strengthen its capacity to combat financial fraud. It also identifies challenges faced by forensic accountants, such as technological limitations and cultural resistance, and suggests strategies to overcome these barriers. By shedding light on the role of forensic accountants in safeguarding public sector integrity, this research contributes to the growing knowledge on forensic accounting practices in Indonesia. The insights can inform policies and capacity-building initiatives aimed at improving the Audit Board’s fraud detection capabilities, ultimately fostering greater public trust and accountability.

The archiving of case documents that have obtained permanent legal force (inkracht) at the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of Banjarmasin is a crucial aspect of judicial administration, serving to maintain the accuracy of legal documentation while supporting transparency and accountability within the judicial system. This process includes the recording, storage, and disposal of documents in accordance with applicable regulations, as stipulated by the Supreme Court and national archival regulations. From the perspective of Public Administration Theory, archival management must be conducted systematically and based on regulations to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of judicial services. Meanwhile, according to the Theory of Judicial Transparency and Accountability, information openness in archival management plays a significant role in building public trust in the judiciary. Although PTUN Banjarmasin has implemented an archiving system that complies with established standards, challenges in the digitalization of archives remain an obstacle, particularly in terms of technology optimization and human resource readiness. Therefore, strengthening digital-based archival systems and enhancing judicial administrative capacity are strategic measures to improve document management efficiency, reduce the risk of loss or damage to physical archives, and reinforce judicial transparency and accountability.

Contracts and agreements are two different things. This is because a contract is basically one type of agreement. However, not all agreements reach the level of a legally binding and enforceable contract. As the problems that will be discussed in this paper are the terms of the agreement in the Indonesian civil law legal system and the terms of the contract in the English common law legal system. In Indonesia, the validity of a contract consists of four conditions, namely the agreement of those who bind themselves, the ability to make an agreement, a certain matter, and a halal or permissible cause. Meanwhile, in English there are five conditions, namely agreement (offer and acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and genuineness of consent), capacity, consideration, legal purpose, and form of contract. Based on this, the author analyzes the comparison of the validity of an agreement or contract between Indonesia and the English and its implementation. Then for the research method used is the normative legal approach method which places the law as a norm system building. The results of the research obtained are that there are significant differences in the requirements regarding the validity of an agreement or contract between Indonesian law and English law, although each of these requirements also has similarities and differences in its provisions.

SDN 1 Bumi Waras merupakan sekolah yang memiliki kerentanan bencana yang tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan pelatihan pertolongan pertama, evakuasi, dan penanganan darurat secara berkala dalam membangun sekolah yang aman bencana. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah membentuk kesiapsiagaan terhadap tingginya risiko bencana sehingga dapat meminimalisir dampak negatif bencana terhadap kehidupan di lingkungan sekolah, baik secara individu maupun kolektif. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu Community Capacity Building atau Peningkatan Kapasitas Komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dan kapasitas masyarakat mengatasi masalah yang mereka hadapi. Dari observasi langsung pada kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan kapasitas warga SDN 1 Bumi Waras dalam pertolongan pertama, evakuasi, dan penanganan kedaruratan, cara penggunaan peralatan P3K yang umum, membentuk karakter siswa yang tangguh, mandiri, dan peduli. Dengan mengikuti pelatihan pertolongan pertama, siswa dan warga sekolah dapat menjadi agen perubahan dalam masyarakat dan berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan keselamatan di lingkungan sekitar.

Stunting is a persistent nutritional problem in Indonesia, especially among children under five, affecting the nation's human resource potential. The high prevalence of stunting leads to long-term issues in cognitive development, physical growth, and the overall productivity of the younger generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service initiative seeks to enhance the role of public administration in promoting policies and programs aimed at reducing stunting. It involves education, training, and hands-on community support, coordinated with government officials, health cadres, and local leaders. The initiative utilizes local media to increase awareness about proper nutrition. The results show a noticeable improvement in community knowledge about stunting and balanced nutrition, with both officials and residents actively participating in stunting reduction efforts. This service emphasizes the importance of strengthening public administration through capacity-building, intersectoral coordination, and the use of information technology to meet program objectives. Recommendations are made for sustainable, participatory, and data-driven approaches to stunting reduction.

This Internship (PKL) was conducted at the Office of the Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) of Intan Jaya Regency, focusing on the effectiveness of implementing a web-based Quick Count in the Intan Jaya regional elections. This report discusses the challenges and solutions in achieving accurate Quick Count results in Intan Jaya. The research was carried out using observation, interviews, and literature studies, and the obtained data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results indicate several challenges in implementing Quick Count in Intan Jaya, namely limited telecommunication infrastructure, lack of skilled human resources, difficulties in data verification, and security disturbances. Based on these findings, several solutions were proposed to address these challenges, including building adequate telecommunication infrastructure, enhancing human resource capacity through training and technical guidance, strengthening the data verification system, and improving coordination with security forces. These findings are expected to help improve the effectiveness of Quick Count in the Intan Jaya regional elections.

The implementation of administrative law in village governance during the era of village autonomy faces various complex challenges. This study aims to analyze the obstacles encountered by village officials and formulate effective strategies to enhance accountability, transparency, and professionalism in village administration. The research employs a literature review approach, analyzing eight scholarly articles published between 2012 and 2023 that discuss topics such as administrative capacity, regulation, supervision, community participation, and the use of information technology. The analysis reveals that the main challenges include limited administrative knowledge among village officials, overlapping national and local regulations, local political influence, and inadequate external supervision. Identified strategies include capacity building through training, strengthening community participation as a form of social control, regulatory harmonization, and the use of information technology to improve transparency and accountability. Implementing these strategies enables village governments to operate more professionally and respond effectively to community needs. This study provides both theoretical and practical contributions to village policy development, the strengthening of administrative law principles, and the improvement of local governance quality in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Public Service Bureaucratic Reform and the factors that support and hinder Public Service Bureaucratic Reform at the Office of the Special Class 1 Immigration Checkpoint for the City of Surabaya. The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive. Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that in the institutional aspect in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration, the institutional arrangement at the Immigration Office is divided into several parts according to their duties and functions. The current posture of organization is relatively slimmer and flat (not very hierarchical). In the resource aspect, human resource improvement is also carried out through the internal office, namely through performance evaluation meetings. In terms of governance, organizational units/work units within the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office currently have and implement systems, procedures, and work mechanisms, as well as service standards that are more standard, clear, efficient, and effective, supported by the optimal use of adequate information and communication technology. Supporting Factors for Bureaucratic Reform at the Special Class I Immigration Office in Surabaya are Productive Apparatus, Representative Policies, and Employee Capacity Building. The inhibiting factor is that there is still a practice of brokerage.