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Quality education is one of the 17 global goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4. This goal aims to ensure equitable, inclusive, and quality education for all people. In Indonesia, elementary school teachers play the most important role because they interact directly with students every day. This article comprehensively examines the role of elementary school teachers in supporting SDG 4 from three main perspectives: teachers’ professional competence, innovative teaching methods, and teachers’ involvement within the school community. The method used is a systematic review of 45 selected scientific sources published between 2020 and 2024, including international journals, reports from global institutions, and Indonesian government policy documents.The findings show that competent, creative, and highly dedicated elementary school teachers are closely related to improving learning quality, increasing school participation, and developing positive character in students. However, several major challenges remain unresolved, such as unequal teacher distribution, low welfare, and limited access to technology—especially in remote areas. This article recommends three main actions: strengthening continuous teacher professional development policies, improving the teacher performance evaluation system to make it more comprehensive, and increasing collaboration among the government, universities, and local communities in order to achieve SDG 4 effectively in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the implementation of quality standard-based health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang. The focus of the study includes planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation of quality standards in health laboratory services. This research employed a qualitative method with an observational study approach. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation involving parties engaged in laboratory management. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang has implemented quality standards in various aspects of service, including administrative management, quality control of examinations, management of facilities and infrastructure, and improvement of laboratory personnel competencies. However, several obstacles were still identified, such as limited human resources, supporting facilities that are not yet optimal, and the need for periodic supervision and evaluation improvements. The implementation of quality standard-based management is considered capable of improving the effectiveness of laboratory services and maintaining public trust in health examination results. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of quality standard-based health laboratory management at UPTD LABKESDA Kota Serang has been carried out fairly w, although further improvements and developments are still needed to optimize the quality of laboratory services.

This study aims to analyze the role of online sales in maintaining the financial stability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The increasing adoption of digital channels, such as marketplaces, social media, messaging applications, live selling, and digital payment systems, has transformed online sales into not only marketing tools but also mechanisms that may affect cash flow continuity and business sustainability. Despite their growing importance, empirical evidence regarding the contribution of online sales to MSME financial stability remains limited. This study employs a quantitative explanatory research design. The population consists of MSME owners in West Sumatra who utilize online sales, while purposive sampling was used to select respondents who had engaged in online selling for at least one year and maintained cash flow records. Data were collected from 102 respondents through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that online sales have a positive and significant effect on financial stability, with a path coefficient of 0.632, a t-value of 9.214, and a p-value below 0.001. These results indicate that effective use of online sales enhances cash flow continuity, income regularity, working capital adequacy, and financial resilience. However, the benefits depend on disciplined management of digital costs, discounts, platform fees, shipping expenses, product returns, and cash flow records. This study contributes to MSME digitalization literature by highlighting online sales as a strategic instrument for strengthening financial stability rather than merely a marketing channel.

This study was motivated by the phenomenon of increasing anti-feminism and digital misogyny in Germany, where constitutionally guaranteed equality has suffered a practical setback in the form of a decline in female representation in the Bundestag to 32,4%. This situation has triggered an urgent need for persuasive communication through state addresses. This study aims to analyze the emotional rhetoric (pathos) and intonation strategies in the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag in order to raise audience awareness. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative analysis of rhetoric by Aristoteles (2007) and quantitative digital acoustic analysis using Praat software supported theory by Kohler (1995). The data for this analysis are transcripts and audio recordings of the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag delivered by Bundespräsident Steinmeier. The results of the study identified three typologies of relationships between diction and intonation, namely contradiction, in which emotional diction is delivered in a flat tone to maintain objectivity; compensation, in which neutral legal references are given emotional weight through a rise in tone (late peak); and parallelism, which is the harmony between emotional diction and the highest voice frequency to build strong authority. Thus, this study confirms that the effectiveness of persuasion in a speech does not only depend on the text, but also on the flexibility of manipulating voice frequency, which strategically functions as an instrument for navigating the audience’s emotions.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in art education as an effort to enhance the creativity and artistic understanding of Animation Department students at SMK Negeri 2 Palu. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving animation students and supervising teachers as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and reflective analysis during the teaching assistance program. The learning implementation was carried out through the introduction of traditional, modern, and contemporary art concepts integrated with practice-based creative project activities. The findings indicate that the application of PjBL significantly increased students’ active engagement in the learning process, strengthened their conceptual understanding of visual arts, and improved their ability to express creative ideas through visual works. Furthermore, the establishment of the “Kreasi Animasi Seni Budaya” community provided a collaborative space that supported the sustainable development of students’ creativity and artistic reflection. These findings demonstrate that project-based art learning is effective in optimizing the artistic competencies.

Technological developments have led to a shift from traditional sales promotion to digital sales promotion. A new phenomenon has emerged, namely the integration of social media platforms and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sales promotion and positive emotions on impulsive buying, as well as the mediating role of positive emotions on TikTok Shop users in Denpasar. The results of this study were obtained using the SEM-PLS method. The results of this study indicate that positive emotions and sales promotions have a significant influence on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop, sales promotions have a significant influence on positive emotions when purchasing products on TikTok Shop, and positive emotions can mediate the influence of sales promotions on impulsive purchasing of products on TikTok Shop.  

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of adolescent love conflict in the film One Fine Day (2018), directed by Asep Kusdinar, through the lens of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. The main focus of the study is the interaction of the three personality structures: the Id, Ego, and Superego, which shape the main characters' decision-making and behavior when facing romantic dilemmas. Using qualitative research methods with A content analysis approach, this study highlights how the characters Mahesa and Alana experience tension between impulsive drives (Id), demands of reality (Ego), and internalized moral norms (Superego). The results of this analysis indicate that the adolescent love conflict in this film is not merely a matter of superficial emotions, but rather a reflection of psychological struggles in the process of searching for identity. The film effectively visualizes how its characters negotiate desires, social rules, and moral principles, ultimately leading to character growth and emotional maturity. This study confirms the relevance of Freud's theory in understanding the psychological complexity of young people, especially as represented through cinema. 

This study was conducted to examine, from an organizational behavior perspective, how leadership styles influence employee work behavior at the Population and Civil Registration Service (Dukcapil) of Magelang Regency. This study utilized various reference sources, including books, scientific journals, and previous research on leadership, organizational behavior, and employee work behavior. The results showed that certain leadership styles have a significant impact on employee work behavior, particularly in terms of improving discipline, motivation, responsibility, and the quality of public services. Transformational, democratic, and authentic leadership styles are considered more effective because they can create a good work environment, build trust, and encourage positive behaviors such as cooperation and initiative. Conversely, ineffective leadership can lead to low work motivation, decreased organizational commitment, and decreased quality of public services. Furthermore, this study shows that organizational systems are not the only factor influencing the success of public services; leaders also have the necessary expertise to direct and change employee work behavior. Therefore, a flexible and engaging leadership style is an important component in improving the quality of public services at Dukcapil of Magelang Regency.

Librarians, as information specialists, play a vital role in managing and providing access to digital libraries. Despite the availability of digital information through repositories and digital libraries, a gap remains between users and their effective utilization. This underscores the importance of librarians in facilitating access and supporting users. This study analyzes the role, competencies, and challenges faced by librarians at the UPA Library of the University of Bengkulu in the digital knowledge ecosystem. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with four librarians and two users, direct observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that librarians act as information specialists by providing access through the OPAC system, repositories, digital libraries, e-journals, Springer Digital References, Instagram, and the library website. They evaluate and ensure credible digital information sources, preserve and back up collections, and assist users in information searches. However, librarians face challenges such as budget constraints, low user awareness, limited human resources, network issues, restricted access, and inadequate collections. These findings contribute to understanding the role of librarians as information specialists.

Contemporary Javanese music, particularly Campursari, blends traditional gamelan instruments with modern genres such as pop, dangdut, and keroncong. This hybrid style has gained popularity among Millennials and Generation Z, who often perceive it as familiar, calming, and emotionally comforting. This study examines whether listening to contemporary Javanese music influences the sleep quality of Generation Z in Yogyakarta. A quantitative research approach was employed using a survey distributed through Google Forms to 50 participants aged 19–26 years. The questionnaire measured listening frequency, emotional responses to the music, and perceived sleep quality using a Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, including the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, linear regression, and tests for heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity. The results indicate a positive relationship between listening to contemporary Javanese music and improved sleep quality. The familiar and emotionally soothing characteristics of Campursari appear to help listeners relax and reduce stress before sleep. These findings suggest that culturally rooted music may serve as a simple, non-pharmacological approach to supporting better sleep and emotional well-being among young adults..  

This study aims to analyze the position of customary law in the new Criminal Code and the integration of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with normative juridical research through legislative and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the new Criminal Code recognizes living law, including customary law, as part of the national legal system. However, its status remains complementary and subordinate to state law. The integration of restorative justice into the criminal justice system is a progressive step that emphasizes restoring relationships between perpetrators, victims, and the community. This approach aligns with customary law values ​​that prioritize deliberation, balance, and social harmony. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as unclear regulations, limited official capacity, and potential conflicts with human rights principles. Therefore, regulatory strengthening, procedural standardization, and institutional capacity building are needed to ensure the integration of customary law and restorative justice can be implemented effectively, fairly, and sustainably within the Indonesian criminal justice system.

This study aims to examine the influence of capital intensity,  Return on Assets (ROA), liquidity, and company size on the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR) as a proxy for tax avoidance in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020–2024 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of annual financial statements. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique and obtained 16 companies during five years of observation, resulting in 80 observation data. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 29 software. The analysis stage began with a classical assumption test, then continued with multiple linear regression analysis, as well as hypothesis testing. The results showed that partially capital intensity and ROA had a significant effect on CETR, while liquidity and company size had no significant effect on CETR. Simultaneously, all independent variables had a significant effect on CETR, with a determination coefficient value of 25%.

This study aims to evaluate the success of the New Southern Policy (NSP) in enhancing security cooperation between South Korea and Indonesia during the administration of President Moon Jae-in (2017-2022). The NSP is South Korea's foreign policy designed to deepen relations with ASEAN countries and India through three main focuses: People, Peace, and Prosperity. This study uses a qualitative approach with a desk study method, relying on data such as journal articles, official government documents, and related academic publications. The analysis was conducted by applying the concepts of policy effectiveness and bilateral security cooperation to assess the extent to which the NSP succeeded in meeting its stated targets. The research findings indicate that the NSP made a significant contribution to strengthening security relations between South Korea and Indonesia through increased strategic security dialogue, collaboration in the defense sector, development of the defense industry, and technology transfer to support national defense. Furthermore, the NSP has enhanced Indonesia's position as South Korea's primary strategic partner in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the NSP can be considered successful in strengthening bilateral security cooperation between South Korea and Indonesia during the research period.

This study aims to examine the role of customer trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between digital marketing strategies and consumer behavior. As digital marketing evolves, companies are required not only to create engaging content but also to build strong trust to influence purchase intention, loyalty, and customer engagement. This research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, selecting 52 empirical articles from reputable international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect, published between 2015 and 2026. The analysis involved thematic and descriptive synthesis to assess the strength of digital marketing’s impact on customer trust and consumer behavior outcomes. The results indicate that digital marketing has a significant positive effect on customer trust formation (β=0.652; p<0.001). Customer trust functions as a partial mediator that strengthens the impact of digital marketing on purchase intention, loyalty, and engagement. The direct effect of digital marketing on consumer behavior is weaker when trust is not optimally established. These findings emphasize that effective digital marketing strategies must focus on transparency, security, credibility, and personalization to maximize consumer behavior outcomes. Practically, this study provides important implications for companies and digital marketing practitioners, highlighting that successful campaigns rely not only on content and visibility but also on the ability to build customer trust. The study also opens avenues for future research to examine more specific trust dimensions, including platform integrity, information quality, and social proof, within increasingly complex digital marketing contexts.

This study aims to examine the effect of Employee Digital Wellness (EDW) on Work Engagement (WE) among administration and digital marketing employees in startup companies implementing hybrid working, and to explore the moderating role of Organizational Support for Wellbeing (OSW). Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire from 160 purposive-sampled respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.1.1.7. The findings indicate that EDW positively and significantly affects WE (β=0.621; t=8.943; p<0.001), confirming that employees who manage digital technology usage effectively tend to be more energetic, dedicated, and fully engaged in their work. In addition, OSW also positively influences WE (β=0.412; t=5.672; p<0.001), demonstrating that tangible organizational support in the form of wellbeing policies, flexible work arrangements, and mental health programs enhances work engagement. Moreover, OSW moderates the EDW → WE relationship (β=0.173; t=2.713; p=0.007), indicating that the positive effect of digital wellness on engagement is stronger when organizational support is sufficient. These findings highlight the importance of both personal management of digital wellness and consistent organizational wellbeing policies. Practically, organizations are advised to provide digital wellbeing programs, flexible working arrangements, and managerial support to maximize employee engagement, particularly in hybrid working contexts.

This study aims to analyze the Cambodian government's efforts to address human trafficking from a human security perspective. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from relevant journals, reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that human trafficking in Cambodia has evolved into a hub for digital-based fraud linked to transnational cybercrime networks. Victims face not only labor exploitation but are also coerced into participating in online fraudulent activities, such as romance scams. This surge in human trafficking is driven by weak law enforcement, high levels of corruption, low public digital literacy, and the rapid expansion of the online gambling industry and special economic zones, which serve as operational bases for criminal activities. The Cambodian government has implemented various measures regarding prevention, protection, and law enforcement through regulations, international cooperation, victim rescue operations, and anti-fraud campaigns. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains limited due to the state's constrained capacity and the ability of criminal networks to continuously adapt to advancements in digital technology. The study concludes that addressing human trafficking in Cambodia requires strengthened governance, more intensive international cooperation, and improved public digital literacy.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Trans Banten Program in supporting the development of public transportation in Serang City. The research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, documentation and literature study, then analyzed interactively. The research results show that the Trans Banten Program is quite effective in increasing community accessibility and mobility, especially towards areas of education, government and public services. This service also provides economic benefits through reduced transportation costs and is supported by facilities that are relatively comfortable and safe for users. In addition, the increase in the number of passengers shows the public's acceptance and need for public transportation. However, the effectiveness of the program is not yet optimal because there are still obstacles in the form of fleet limitations, inaccurate operational schedules, passenger density during peak hours, and limited service information. Therefore, it is necessary to improve service quality, add fleets, and strengthen information systems to support the sustainability and optimization of the Trans Banten Program as public transportation in Serang City.

The health of elementary school-aged children is a crucial phase for physical growth and cognitive development, but the school environment is often vulnerable to the spread of disease due to a lack of understanding of hygiene. This community service activity aims to increase students' awareness of the dangers of germs at SD Negeri Sumberbulu 1 through education on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) with a primary focus on Handwashing with Soap (CTPS). The implementation method is carried out through three stages: preparation and coordination, educational implementation using animated videos and live demonstrations of the 6 steps of CTPS, and the follow-up stage. The results of the activity showed that the use of visual media and icebreakers effectively increased students' enthusiasm and understanding in absorbing the health steps taught. As a form of sustainability, the team coordinated with the school, which then expressed its willingness to integrate the CTPS scheme into the school's daily routine independently. Thus, this program successfully transformed healthy behavior into a permanent school culture to maintain the quality of life for the next generation.

The development of the digital economy has driven increased customer interaction through online chat services, making customer satisfaction a key factor in business success. Response speed and chat service quality are two important aspects in shaping the customer experience, but previous research has tended to examine them separately. This study aims to analyze the influence of online chat services and response speed on customer satisfaction partially and simultaneously. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review of 12 scientific articles from 2020–2025 obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar and SINTA. The analysis technique used is descriptive-critical through the identification, comparison, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results show that online chat services have a positive effect on customer satisfaction, primarily through interaction quality such as information accuracy, ease of use, and problem-solving ability. Response speed has also proven to be an important determinant, where a fast response significantly increases customer satisfaction. However, speed without quality has the potential to decrease satisfaction. The discussion shows that the two variables have a complementary and inseparable relationship. Online chat services function as a medium for interaction, while response speed is a quality attribute that determines the effectiveness of the service. Therefore, the integration of both in one model is the main contribution of this research in filling the literature gap, especially in the context of e-commerce in Indonesia.

An appropriate strategy has become a crucial factor for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in maintaining customer loyalty. This study focuses on analyzing the implementation of marketing communication strategies adopted by Nasi Goreng Barokah Jaya, an MSME located in Cikampek, to retain its loyal customers. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on the 7P Marketing Mix theory developed by Kotler and Keller (2016). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, and loyal customers. The data were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while data validity was ensured through triangulation. The findings reveal that direct interaction, responsive and friendly service, word-of-mouth promotional activities, and personalized approaches serve as the main pillars in building customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is significantly influenced by product quality, price affordability, service reliability, and the emotional bond established between the business and its customers. These findings confirm that simple yet consistently implemented marketing communication strategies are effective in maintaining a loyal customer base in the culinary MSME sector.