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This study reviews the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and crime in the context of brawl cases in Bekasi. Through a literature review, various factors are examined which are the causes and impacts of teenage brawls in the city. First, social factors such as economic instability, lack of education, and a family environment that is not conducive can trigger juvenile delinquency. Second, environmental factors, including peers and the influence of mass media, also contribute to aggressive adolescent behavior. In addition, psychological factors such as lack of self-control and the need for affiliation also play a role in the formation of criminal behavior. The impact of teenage brawls includes social, economic and psychological losses for individuals and the surrounding community. This study highlights the important role of families, schools and social institutions in preventing and overcoming the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and brawling crimes in Bekasi. With an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence adolescent behavior, it is hoped that effective intervention strategies can be formulated to reduce cases of brawls and improve the quality of life of adolescents in Bekasi.

This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in CVT spring constants (4.94 N/mm, 6.09 N/mm, and 7.38 N/mm) and roller masses (10 g, 13 g, and 15 g) on torque, power, and specific fuel consumption (SFC) of a 110 cc matic motorcycle. Testing was conducted using a dynotest to measure torque and power, and a measuring glass for fuel consumption at engine speeds of 5000–9000 RPM. Results showed a maximum power of 7.93 HP at 7000 RPM with a 10 g roller and 4.94 N/mm spring, the highest torque of 8.56 Nm at 6000 RPM with a 13 g roller and 4.94 N/mm spring, and the lowest SFC of 0.0689 kg/kWh at 9000 RPM with a 10 g roller and 6.09 N/mm spring. Two-Way ANOVA analysis indicated that all factors and their interactions significantly influenced engine performance (p-value < 0.05), with the statistical model showing an R-squared above 97%. The combination of a light roller and medium spring provided the best fuel efficiency, while heavier rollers were more optimal for torque at mid-range RPMs.

This study analyzes the security policies implemented by President Nayib Bukele in El Salvador and their implications for crime rates and democratic institutions. Using a decriptive qualitative approach, the study finds that although crime has significantly declined, it has come at the cost of weakned democratic instutions, rising electoral authoritarianism, and the use of fear-based politics to gain public legitimacy. Mass detentions, reduced civil liberties, and the centralization of executive power show that stability is being built not through repressive control. Furthermore, vulnerable groups such as the poor and women are disproportionately affected between public security and human rights protection to avoid deepening structural inequalities and creating new forms of social vulnerability.

Modern mass media, particularly film, holds significant potential for transmitting messages, including moral and religious values. This research investigates the representation of mauidhah hasanah (good counsel) in the popular anime Demon Slayer: Mugen Ressha-hen, widely acclaimed for its narrative and emotional depth. Employing a qualitative approach with Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic content analysis, this study meticulously examines key scenes to unveil how these values are expressed through dialogue, setting, and other cinematic elements. The findings reveal that mauidhah hasanah is primarily represented in three forms: admonition, prohibition, and motivation, conveyed through diverse communicative patterns. Theoretically, these findings enrich the study of Islamic phenomena in animated films and solidify the position of popular media as an effective vehicle for conveying values. Practically, this study contributes to a broader understanding of anime's potential for moral education and serves as a valuable reference for future research on messages within animated films.

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain that is often found in the population aged 40-60 years, especially women with prolonged standing activities and high body mass index. This case report discusses physiotherapy management in a 41-year-old female patient with plantar fasciitis dextra who underwent therapy at Panembahan Senopati Hospital. The physiotherapy interventions provided included ultrasound, gastrocnemius muscle massage, stretching (Towel Stretch), and exercises (Calf Raise and Towel Toe Curl) for three sessions in three weeks. Evaluation was performed using Wong Baker Scale, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Goniometer, and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). The results showed a decrease in tenderness and pain during movement, increased plantar fascia flexibility, and an increase in FADI score from 63.28% to 77.88%, indicating improved function. Physiotherapy interventions proved to be effective in managing plantar fasciitis symptoms conservatively and improving the patient's quality of life.

Inadequate breast milk production remains a significant challenge in achieving exclusive breastfeeding success during the postpartum period. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of oxytocin massage intervention on breast milk quantity among postpartum mothers at Hospital X. A quasi-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest approach was employed, involving 17 postpartum mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection utilized demographic questionnaires and measuring instruments to assess milk volume before and after the intervention. Oxytocin massage was performed using back massage technique for 30-60 minutes duration. Statistical analysis employed Wilcoxon signed-rank test due to non-normal data distribution. Results demonstrated significant improvement in milk volume from mean 12.95 ml (pretest) to 50.59 ml (posttest) with p-value 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating statistical significance. The intervention showed substantial effectiveness with approximately 291% increase from baseline condition. These findings suggest that oxytocin massage represents an effective non-pharmacological modality for optimizing lactogenesis through neurohormonal stimulation mechanisms, supporting milk ejection reflex enhancement in postpartum mothers.

Background: Bell's Palsy is a condition of facial muscle weakness due to inflammation or damage to the VII cranial nerve (facial nerve), which is classified as a primary acute idiopathic lower motor neuron (LMN) type. This condition is characterized by unilateral facial paralysis and pain in the mastoid area, which can affect the patient's quality of life. Method: This study design used a case report method which observed one patient with a case of Bell Palsy Right. Physiotherapy intervention was carried out during four meetings at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, with therapy modalities including Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), massage, and mirror exercise. Evaluation was carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for facial muscle strength, and the Ugo Fisch scale for functional ability. Results: This study shows that physiotherapy treatment during 4 meetings resulted in decreased pain, increased muscle strength, and increased functional ability with Bell palsy. Conclusion: Physiotherapy interventions in the form of TENS, massage, and mirror exercise are effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and improving functional abilities in patients with Bell's Palsy Right.

The problem of waste has become a global issue that is still looking for effective and efficient solutions to reduce it. East Java has a population of 42.09 million. The waste produced annually is 6.8 million tons, while the amount managed reaches 3.8 million tons. The East Java Provincial Government through the Environmental Service (DLH) has provided positive education to the community through the Clean and Sustainable East Java Innovation (Berseri). This innovation is in the form of a competition for the utilization of recycled waste that has economic value and creates a culture of clean and healthy living in all villages in East Java. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive narrative approach used to analyze the action strategy of the East Java Provincial Government's DLH in reducing waste. This study found a positive impact through the creation of educational recycling videos uploaded to the YouTube platform. The East Java Provincial Government's DLH invites, massive socialization not only for East Java but also to all viewers around the world.

The duration of the second stage of labor is a significant factor influencing maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain a major global health challenge, and various risk factors, including prolonged second stage of labor, contribute to this issue. Successful childbirth is influenced by risk factors such as maternal age, parity, and body mass index (BMI). This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal age, parity, and BMI on the duration of the second stage of labor among 224 postpartum women at TPMB M in 2023. The results showed that women with advanced maternal age (<20 years or >35 years), nulliparity or grand multiparity, and underweight or obese BMI were at significantly higher risk of prolonged second stage of labor. These findings highlight the need for special attention to pregnant women with these risk factors to prevent obstetric complications. Healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance risk factor monitoring through education, screening, and comprehensive management during pregnancy.

As the largest political event in Indonesia, elections are closely tied to mass political communication strategies. In the digital era, social media has emerged as a new arena for political actors to convey campaign messages. This study examines how propaganda techniques are applied in political advertisements on social media, focusing on the dynamics between manipulation and persuasion efforts targeting voters. Through a literature review of various journals and reports, this paper explores forms of propaganda, visual symbolism, celebrity involvement, and regulatory issues concerning political advertisements on social media. The findings indicate that propaganda techniques in digital ads not only appeal to voters' emotions but also create spaces for bias and misinformation that can disrupt the quality of democracy.​

Patent rights are a part of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that provide legal protection for inventions in the field of technology. With the rapid development of the times and technological advancements, the protection of patent rights has become an increasingly crucial issue. This is due to the growing number of patent infringements, particularly in the digital and medical device sectors, which often involve major global technology companies. One such case is the patent dispute between Apple Inc. and Masimo Corporation. The patent conflict between Apple and Masimo serves as a concrete example of how disputes over the ownership of technology can lead to complex legal issues, while also demonstrating how legal systems in developed countries respond to alleged patent infringements relatively effectively. On the other hand, Indonesia, as a developing country, still faces various challenges in resolving patent disputes, ranging from policy aspects and law enforcement processes to the capacity of existing institutions. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which Indonesia's patent legal system has been able to meet the demands of the times. Through the analysis of the Apple vs. Masimo case, this paper seeks to examine how Indonesia’s patent dispute resolution system can be strengthened to address global dynamics.

Many fishery products come from fishing and cultivation, saltwater and freshwater fisheries, so a preservation process is needed to maintain the condition of the fish so that it remains good when marketed. In addition, it can increase the economic value of fish. In the Indonesian fisheries industry, various types of preservation, including freeze drying, are drying processes using vacuum pressure and cold temperatures. The freeze-drying process utilizes the phased nature of water to convert solid (frozen) forms into water vapor (gas) at a certain pressure and temperature. The vacuum pressure used ranges from -60.3 cmHg to -71.6 cmHg, and the mass of the fish ranges from 94 grams to 136 grams. The type of research is quantitative and uses experimental methods. The result is in the form of a remaining moisture content percentage of 40% in dried fish according to SNI standard No. 827300:2023. The Respone Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to process the data in this study. From the study, the best value of vacuum pressure was -66 cmHg and mass 102.5417 with a final result of 40%.

The 0–12 month period is a critical phase in infant development, covering motor, cognitive, and emotional domains. Early stimulation has been proven to prevent developmental delays that may affect later life stages. Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are widely applied as non-pharmacological, safe, low-cost interventions that can be practiced at home by parents. To systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of complementary therapies in stimulating the development of infants aged 0–12 months. This literature study involved a review of articles published between 2018–2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effect of complementary therapies (infant massage, baby gym, or others) on infant development. Six relevant studies were identified, including four on baby gym and two on infant massage. All studies reported significant improvements in gross motor development following intervention. Infant massage also showed additional benefits such as increased weight gain and enhanced mother-infant bonding. Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are effective and practical strategies for stimulating infant development. However, further research with more robust experimental designs is needed to strengthen the evidence base.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure and function in a news text containing the statement of the Speaker of the Indonesian House of Representatives (DPR RI) regarding the case of a specialist medical education (PPDS) student at Padjadjaran University (UNPAD). The focus of this research is on identifying clauses, phrases, and sentence patterns, including syntactic errors found in the online news article. A descriptive qualitative method was used with a syntactic analysis approach. The results show that the news text contains a variety of simple and complex clause structures with syntactic functions that serve to deliver informative and persuasive messages. However, several syntactic errors were also found, such as ineffective sentence construction, phrase misplacement, and ambiguous meanings. These findings highlight the importance of syntactic accuracy in news writing to ensure clarity and precision of information. This research is expected to contribute to the field of syntax studies and help improve language quality in mass media writing.

This study discusses the effectiveness of digital counseling services as a form of psychological intervention in reducing political anxiety among urban Indonesians in the post-truth era. This era is characterized by the massive spread of information that is often misleading and triggers public uncertainty and unrest, especially before and during political processes such as elections. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods and in-depth interviews, this study explores the experiences of urban individuals who participate in digital counseling services. The results show that digital counseling is able to provide a reflective and supportive space for individuals to understand and manage their emotions and political perceptions in a healthier way. This intervention has been shown to strengthen psychological resilience, reduce levels of political anxiety, and increase media literacy and critical awareness of urban communities towards national political dynamics. These findings recommend the integration of digital mental health services into psycho-political impact mitigation strategies in the digital era.

This study aims to describe the role and variation of Indonesian language used in various communication contexts. The focus of the study is how Indonesian language functions as an efficient communication medium and how language variation is adjusted to conditions, goals, and conversation partners. This study applies a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation methods as a means of data collection. Data sources are obtained from language use in educational environments, mass media, and the wider community. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian language has instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and representational functions. In addition, the language variations found include formal, non-formal, spoken, and written variations, each of which is applied according to the social and situational context. These findings show how important it is to understand the function and variation of language in improving language competence appropriately and effectively.

The mass deportation of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) from Malaysia is a multidimensional threat to national security, especially in Indonesia's border areas. In 2022–2023, more than 40,000 migrant workers were forcibly repatriated, mostly through North Kalimantan and Riau. Malaysia's strict immigration policies such as Operation Nyah and the implementation of online recruitment procedures accelerate the deportation process and increase migrant workers' vulnerability to exploitation. This journal examines the impact of these deportations on local socio-economic stability, increased cross-border crime, and institutional weaknesses in the management of migrant worker repatriation and reintegration. Using a policy study approach and analysis of deportation data, the paper highlights the need for integrated and responsive security policies and strengthened bilateral Indonesia–Malaysia coordination. Recommendations focus on institutional capacity building, protection of migrant workers' rights, and a human security approach in dealing with the challenges of forced migration.  

Cor Pulmonale Chronic Decompensata (CPCD) is a chronic pulmonary complication characterized by hypertrophy and/or dilatation of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary hypertension). due to increased pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary hypertension). Symptoms include severe dyspnea, leg edema, hepatomegaly, and activity intolerance, which significantly reduce quality of life. Using the report method case study that assesses the effectiveness of a combination breathing exercise intervention using Diaphragm Breathing, Pursed Lip Breathing, thoracic expansion exercise, Gentle Massage, Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) in patients with CPCD. The parameters assessed include the degree of tightness and thoracic expansion and functional ability. This study showed significant results with a decrease in the degree of tightness, an increase in lung expansion and an increase in functional ability. and improved functional ability.

Arabic literature has undergone significant development from pre-Islamic times to the modern era, reflecting social, cultural and intellectual changes in Arab civilization. Changes in literary works, whether in the form of poetry, prose, or novels, have also influenced the development of the Arabic language in terms of vocabulary, structure, and style of expression. This study aims to analyze how the evolution of Arabic literature impacts the development of the Arabic language by using qualitative research methods. The approach used is descriptive analysis with library research techniques, where data is collected from various sources, such as classical and modern literary works, academic journals, and previous studies that discuss the relationship between literature and language. The results show that Arabic literature plays a role in the formation of modern Arabic through vocabulary enrichment, syntactic innovation, and the spread of various dialects. In addition, the influence of literature on language is also seen in the context of education and mass media. By understanding the close relationship between literature and language, this research is expected to provide new insights for the study of Arabic linguistics as well as the preservation of literary wealth in language development.