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The state of Christ’s humiliation and exaltation represents two essential aspects of Christology, illustrating His journey from incarnation to ascension. Christ’s humiliation includes His humble birth, a life of suffering, and His death on the cross. In contrast, His exaltation encompasses His resurrection, ascension to heaven, and reign as the sovereign King over all creation. This study aims to analyze the theological significance of Christ’s humiliation and exaltation and their relevance to the lives of believers. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method, where primary data sources are drawn from biblical texts and Christian theological literature. The findings reveal that Christ’s humiliation is an act of obedience to God the Father and a means of human redemption, while His exaltation serves as evidence of victory over sin and death and the fulfillment of God’s plan of salvation. Furthermore, this study affirms that the relationship between Christ’s humiliation and exaltation has implications for the faith of believers, providing hope for future glory with Christ and calling them to live in obedience and perseverance amid suffering.

The Protestant Reformation had a significant impact on the development of Christian theology, especially in the field of Christology. This study aims to examine the thoughts of Martin Luther and John Calvin regarding the role of Christ in the process of human salvation. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study technique, which examines the theological works of the two Reformers. The results of the study show that Luther emphasized the personal relationship between humans and Christ as savings, as well as the real presence of Christ in the sacrament as a form of God's grace that can be experienced personally. Meanwhile, Calvin developed the concept of three placements of Christ as prophet, priest, and king which emphasized the overall role of Christ in salvation, and viewed the sacrament as a spiritual means to strengthen the faith of believers. Through this study, it can be concluded that Christology in the Reformation tradition provides a strong, systematic, and relevant theological basis for the development of contemporary Protestant teachings, both in doctrinal aspects and the practice of life of faith.

Sola fide is the main Reformed teaching that salvation is only obtained through faith alone, not through charity or good deeds. in the 16th century the practice of indulgences and the Catholic church's emphasis on good works gave rise to doubts in the faith, which later gave rise to the Reform Movement. In response, the reformers restored the principle of sola fide to protect believers in the Lord Jesus from doubts about their Faith. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of sola fide in strengthening believers' faith before reform skepticism, through a literature review of the writings of reformer figures. The results show that emphasizing God's sovereign grace, the sufficiency of faith for forgiveness of sins and assurance of salvation, and sola fide can strengthen believers' faith against attacks of skepticism. This understanding provides important insight for believers today about how to strengthen their faith in the face of increasing skepticism. Overall, this research shows the central role of the principle of sola fide in the history of Christian thought.

Christian leadership is a calling given to all Christians, and it is especially relevant for youth as the next generation. Young people have great potential within themselves, both to lead themselves and others. Therefore, developing leadership in youth is crucial, and this must be done with the right strategies. The primary focus in this development is to emphasize the characteristics of a Christian leader that youth must possess, so they can grow into leaders who are not only competent but also reflect Christ-like values in their lives. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of leaders that the Christian youth must possess and the appropriate strategies for developing their leadership potential. The method used in this study is qualitative with a literature review, in order to gain a deeper understanding of Christian leadership concepts among youth. As the successors of both the church and society, youth must have leadership qualities that begin with leading themselves. This personal leadership will form a strong foundation for young people to answer God’s calling to lead others. The characteristics of a Christian leader that youth must possess include humility, integrity, love, and responsibility. Facing the complex challenges of today’s world, it is essential for youth to have a strong commitment to Christian values, so they are not easily swayed by worldly influences. The church plays a crucial role in guiding and directing youth to understand God's calling, as well as in developing leadership that aligns with Christ’s teachings. With the right development strategies and support from the church, Christian youth can become good leaders. They will be able to make a positive impact in society and reflect the nature of Christ, becoming role models in their daily lives.

This research examines the relationship between Christian ethics, children's human rights, and parental responsibilities in the context of Christian families. Referring to ethical principles ethical principles derived from the Bible, this study highlights the importance of recognising children's children's rights as a mandate from God that must be protected and honoured by parents. Through a theological approach, this article explores how parents can fulfil their responsibilities in educating and raising children with love, justice and integrity. It also examines the challenges faced by Christian families in implementing Christian ethical values in the midst of changing social dynamics. Christian ethical values in the midst of changing social dynamics. By emphasising the importance of moral and spiritual education, this article aims to provide guidance for parents in fulfilling children's rights and creating a family environment that supports the growth of character in accordance with the teachings of Christ. The results are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of parents in the context of children's human rights and Christian ethics, and the implications for contemporary family life.

This study aims to analyze the Integration of Character Values in the Management of Independent Curriculum-Based Learning in State Elementary School 2, Selat Penuguan District, Banyuasin Regency. Data collection tools use interview methods, documentation, observation and literature review. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis with research stages that refer to the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study stated that the integration of character values in learning based on the Independent Curriculum at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District has been running well through 3 stages, namely 1) integration of character values into learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2,  Selat Penuguan District; 2) integration of character values into the implementation of learning as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District; 3) integration of character values into learning evaluations. Integrated learning planning with character values at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District The character values instilled at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District include (1) faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character; (2) independence; (3) mutual cooperation; (4) global diversity; (5) critical reasoning; and (6) creative.

KUD Plongkowati Timur is located at Jalan Godong-Karangrayung, Grobogan Regency, which apart from operating in the savings and loan business unit, is also a distributor of fertilizer products produced by PT. Petrokima Gresik and PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang. In running the fertilizer distributor business unit at KUD Plongkowati Timur, the process of recording purchase and sales transactions is not carried out using an integrated system in the database, all data is still recorded conventionally by the administration section, while the administration section's computer functions to create reports which are copied from notes provided by cashier so that data security is not guaranteed because the database is not yet integrated. Based on the problems that exist in the East Plongkowati KUD, the author would like to propose a design of a Fertilizer Inventory application system to be taken into consideration in helping speed up the process of recording purchase and sales transactions and can provide the information needed by the East Plongkowati KUD, Grobogan Regency in the form of purchase reports, sales reports, reports. suppliers, customer reports. So the design of the fertilizer inventory information system uses the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programming language with a database from Microsoft Access 2007 and the design of reports from Crystal Report 7. It is hoped that making this application can be one of the efforts that can be made to overcome problems that often occur so that it can increase work effectiveness which of course will have an impact on improving the quality of service to customers.

The phenomenon of throning, which refers to the practice of seeking partners with high social status to enhance self-image, is increasingly prevalent among Generation Z. Although it may seem appealing, throning poses negative issues such as unrealistic expectations, a transactional view of relationships, and the potential for unhappiness that impacts individuals' mental health. This article aims to critically analyze throning behavior from the perspective of Christian Religious Education, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values in building healthy relationships. The research method employed is qualitative, using a literature review approach that involves analyzing written sources related to throning and Christian Religious Education. The findings indicate that throning contradicts the pursuit of a life partner, as well as the principles of love and respect for the intrinsic value of individuals taught in the Bible. The study concludes by affirming the need for a holistic approach to understanding relationships, grounded in spiritual values rather than social status. Recommendations for future research include more in-depth empirical studies on the impact of throning on mental health and interpersonal relationships, as well as a deeper exploration of Biblical knowledge, which highlights the importance of moral and spiritual values in relationship contexts, even in the digital age. It is hoped that individuals can build more authentic relationships through the lens of the Bible and glorify God.

Elderly is the end of the human life process which causes decreased activity. The stress that arises during the aging process can cause three types of changes, namely changes in self-perception, changes in relationships with other people, and philosophical changes regarding priorities, perseverance, and spirituality. Apart from that, spirituality can also help someone develop their awareness. Stress can be avoided if a person has a high level of spirituality, spirituality can be understood as a relationship between a person and God. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between spirituality and the stress level of elderly people in Social Service Homes. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 105 respondents using purposive sampling. Spirituality data was collected using the SAS questionnaire and Stress Levels using the DASS questionnaire. This research shows a high level of spirituality of 52.4%, moderate spirituality of 40%, low spirituality of 7.6% and a level of severe stress of 24.8%, a level of moderate stress of 58.1%, a level of light stress of 17.1%.

Indonesia is known as a country with one of the most diverse tribes, cultures, ethnicities, languages ​​and religions in the world. This diversity is a God-given destiny and should be accepted as a gift. In this context, religious moderation emerges as an approach that seems essential to preserving the gifts God has given us while promoting dialogue and cooperation between religious communities. This is the background for religious moderation seminar activities in Ladang Peris Village, Bajubang District, Batang Hari Regency. This activity was attended by 45 participants consisting of students, Village Officials, Ladang Peris Village Youth, Syara' Employees, and the General Public. The hope is to raise awareness about the importance of religious moderation and build cooperation and create a space for open and sustainable dialogue. The activity was held on Tuesday 14 January 2025 at the Ladang Peris Village Hall with the resource person, Head of Bajubang District KUA, Mr Arofah, S.H.I., M.H. The activity was carried out face to face with participants and resource persons who were in the same location, where the resource person provided material, then followed by a discussion and question and answer session. Overall, this activity provided a new and comprehensive view to all participants present at the Ladang Peris Village Hall regarding religious moderation.

Indonesia is known as a country with one of the most diverse tribes, cultures, ethnicities, languages ​​and religions in the world. This diversity is a God-given destiny and should be accepted as a gift. In this context, religious moderation emerges as an approach that seems essential to preserving the gifts God has given us while promoting dialogue and cooperation between religious communities. This is the background for religious moderation seminar activities in Ladang Peris Village, Bajubang District, Batang Hari Regency. This activity was attended by 45 participants consisting of students, Village Officials, Ladang Peris Village Youth, Syara' Employees, and the General Public. The hope is to raise awareness about the importance of religious moderation and build cooperation and create a space for open and sustainable dialogue. The activity was held on Tuesday 14 January 2025 at the Ladang Peris Village Hall with the resource person, Head of Bajubang District KUA, Mr Arofah, S.H.I., M.H. The activity was carried out face to face with participants and resource persons who were in the same location, where the resource person provided material, then followed by a discussion and question and answer session. Overall, this activity provided a new and comprehensive view to all participants present at the Ladang Peris Village Hall regarding religious moderation.

This article examines the contribution of the Christian Religious Education Programme with the concept of discipleship to the spiritual maturity of ministers at Baithani Kadosh Christian Church. Using a qualitative approach through a literature review, this research explores the literature on theology, Christian education, and the practice of discipleship in the context of church ministry. Analyses were conducted by integrating discipleship theories, spiritual leadership strategies, and spiritual formation practices that have been implemented in PAK. The results of the study show that the PAK concept of discipleship not only enhances the leadership competence of God's servants, but also deepens their spiritual maturity through personal transformation, increased understanding of the Bible, and the application of Christian values in daily life. This finding confirms the importance of the discipleship programme as one of the strategic instruments in shaping a mature and relevant spiritual character in church ministry.

Breast milk (ASI) is the first, main and best food in the early stages of a baby's life that is natural. ASI is like gold given for free by God because ASI is a living fluid that can adjust its substance content that can meet the nutritional needs of babies. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) until 2020, only around 44% of babies worldwide aged 0-6 months received exclusive ASI. This is not in accordance with the WHO target in 2025, which is to increase the provision of exclusive ASI in the first 6 months to at least 50% (WHO, 2020). The coverage of exclusive ASI according to Regency/City in 2022 can be seen from the data reported by Central Aceh Regency with the highest coverage of 82.34% and the lowest is Sabang City at only 22.43%. This study aims to identify the Relationship between Knowledge of Breastfeeding Mothers and Exclusive Breastfeeding at BPM Siti Fujiana, East Aceh Regency in 2024. This study used a Cross Sectional design, the research time was May-June 2024, with a population and sample of 46 people. The sampling technique used total sampling, the analysis test used the Chi Square Test. The majority of respondents were aged 20-35 years as many as 26 respondents (56.5%), the majority of respondents had secondary education (junior high school-high school) as many as 32 respondents (69.6%), the majority of respondents did not work as many as 37 respondents (80.4%), and the majority of breastfeeding mothers with grandemultipara status as many as 27 respondents (58.7%). There is a significant relationship between Knowledge of Breastfeeding Mothers and Exclusive Breastfeeding at BPM Siti Fujiana, East Aceh Regency with a p value <0.05 (0.003). This means that the better the mother's knowledge, the more Exclusive Breastfeeding will be implemented.

Thel delath pelnalty has beleln a folrm olf punishmelnt sincel ancielnt timels and has belcolmel an intelnsel colnvelrsatioln amolng elxpelrts belcausel olf thel colntradictolry valuels helld by its suppolrtelrs and olppolnelnts. This study appliels a nolrmativel lelgal relselarch approlach tol asselss thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels frolm thel pelrspelctivel olf human rights proltelctioln. In this study, thel data analysis melthold useld was qualitativel data analysis with a delscriptivel approlach. Thel usel olf thel delath pelnalty as a sanctioln folr colrruptioln is thel molst elxtrelmel folrm olf punishmelnt folr pelrpeltratolrs olf such crimels, belcausel it invollvels taking livels as a relsult olf thelir actiolns. Thel applicatioln olf thel delath pelnalty is colnsidelreld tol viollatel human rights, as stateld in articlels 28A and 28I olf thel 1945 Colnstitutioln, Articlel 4 and Articlel 9 olf Law Nol. 39 olf 1999, and articlel 3 olf thel UDHR. Thel implelmelntatioln olf thel delath pelnalty in colrruptioln casels sparkeld delbatel frolm a human rights pelrspelctivel. Solmel arguel that such melasurels arel colntrary tol human rights, particularly thel right tol lifel.

Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife whose aim is to form a happy and eternal family (household) based on the belief in the Almighty God. Law 1/1974 refers to the validity of a marriage held by Indonesian citizens based on the laws of their respective religions and beliefs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process in relation to Hindu Religious Marriages and analyze the validity of Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriages Based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. It becomes a problem when a community of Towani Tolotang believers are "forced" to choose Hinduism among the religions recognized by the government, which then relegates their belief to just a custom. The next big question about how the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage process relates to Hindu Religious Marriages is how is the validity of the Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage based on Marriage Law in Indonesia. The research was carried out in Sidrap Regency, Panrenge Telelimpoe Village, Province. South Sulawesi, data collection was obtained using interviews and analyzing data from literature references, either from books or from journals via the internet. After the data obtained has been collected, it will then be discussed and explained in accordance with applicable regulations and the final results will be concluded. The results of the conclusions must be in accordance with the research results from the title "The Validity of Marriage in the Towani Tolotang Traditional Perspective (Study in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Province)", Based on the results of the analysis and interviews regarding Towani Tolotang Traditional Marriage and Hinduism, namely that the procedure or process of marriage what is carried out by the Towani Tolotang Custom is not the same as the provisions of the marriage procedures in Hinduism, furthermore the Towani Tolotang Customary Marriage is declared valid according to the provisions of the Law. Marriage in Indonesia is because the marriage is carried out in accordance with the principles or principles and values ​​contained in Law 1/1974.

Teenagers at GKSI Sengkuang face similar struggles to teenagers in general. They are exposed to various influences that can weaken the foundations of their faith, such as unlimited access to social media, content that is not in line with Christian values, and relationships that are far from the principles of God's word. In situations like this, many teenagers experience confusion in determining who they are, what their purpose in life is, and how to live a life centered on Biblical values. Meanwhile, the research method uses qualitative by conducting direct observations, then the results of the observations will be processed into PKM articles, and supported by various literary sources such as journals, books, the Bible. The results of the research findings lie in the significant positive impact for GKSI Sengkuang youth. As well as, raising awareness of the dangers of identity crises, helping teenagers reflect on their self-worth in Christ, and growing their understanding of social pressures and the importance of church community.

A number of congregations at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk show a tendency to not be active in worshiping regularly. This phenomenon needs serious attention so that the congregation can once again appreciate and feel the importance of worship in their lives. One of the main causes of inactivity in worship is the busyness of daily life which increasingly dominates the congregation's attention. This busyness is often a reason that is considered valid for not attending church services. Meanwhile, the method used is qualitative based on direct observation of the phenomena that occur at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk. Apart from that, guidance was provided on the word of God to the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, explaining "what is the importance of worship?", "which basis of God's word discusses worship?", "what is the correct way to worship?".  The findings from this research have resulted in positive changes in the life of the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, such as increasing activeness in worship and changing lifestyles that are more focused on God. This shows that correct worship not only has a spiritual impact, but also socially, strengthening the commitment to live according to God's will.

In recognition of the need for sustainable design philosophies and practices that can be incorporated into the design of new products with an environmentally sustainable perspective throughout the life cycle, this research used a scoping review approach to x-ray the utility of the Sustainable Value Framework (SVF) in enhancing the application of reinforced composite products for ecological efficiency. An extensive search was performed using the electronic databases of articles such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. The study selected and extracted data from the literature according to the PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) to map the current literature for gaps in knowledge. The research studies show that SVF promotes the product design by incorporating characteristics such as environmental, economic, and social factors to attain optimal reduction of resources and sustainable uses of the environmental resources as well as improving the quality of the products. The study discussed the principles of sustainable value creation and their work evaluates new solutions of composite material selection, design method and technology for sustainable products. It also discusses policy drivers as well as industry and consumer practices with regards to reuse of surfaces in sustainable design. This study is beneficial to various stakeholders like the policymakers, the professionals in industries and construction, and the scholars.

This article examines the internalization of the principle of Belief in the One Almighty God in spiritual life at the STKIP Citra Bakti Campus. The study aims to identify how to develop the principle of Belief in the One Almighty God in spiritual life at the STKIP Citra Bakti Campus. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study technique. The results of the study indicate that the internalization of the value of Belief in the One Almighty God plays an important role in shaping the character and spirituality of students. These values ​​are reflected in the practice of tolerance between religious communities, respect for differences in beliefs, and acceptance of religious teachings that prioritize good morality and ethics. This study is expected to contribute to the development of character education based on divine values ​​in the daily lives of students. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the internalization of the principle of Belief in the One Almighty God in the spiritual life of students at STKIP Citra Bakti is going quite well. The majority of students have a good understanding of the principle of Belief in the One Almighty God and strive to practice it in their daily lives. Participation in religious activities is also quite high, although there are challenges related to managing time to balance academic and spiritual activities.

This study aims to examine the application of anti-corruption values ini shaping students’ character based on Pancasila principles. The study employs a qualitatitive descriptive method, where data is collected through literature reviews. The literature used in this research includes scientific articles related to the application of anti-corruption values in forming Pancasila-oriented student character. Data collection was carried out by exploring articles from electronic journals and other publications related to the topic. The results of the study indicate that the integration of anti-corruption education into the academic curriculum influences students’ ethical awareness and behavior. Moreover, the implementation of values such as honesty, justice, and responsibility supports the development of character aligned with Pancasila values.