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The formation of regional regulations (Perda) is a constitutional derivative of the implementation of regional autonomy within the framework of the Indonesian legal system. Substantively, Perda function as regulatory instruments aimed at accommodating the specific interests of local communities, in line with fundamental values, contextual needs, and the hierarchy of applicable laws and regulations. However, the high frequency of annulment or cancellation of Perda indicates dissonance or non-compliance with the principles of sound legislative formation. This phenomenon raises the urgency to review the extent to which philosophical, sociological, and legal foundations have been internalized and comprehensively implemented in the regional legislative process. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the relevance of these three fundamental foundations to the quality and legitimacy of regional legal products. This study adopts a normative-juridical legal research method, involving descriptive analysis of the corpus of laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and the empirical practice of Perda formation. The results highlight that: the philosophical foundation provides a normative orientation in the form of ethical-teleological values ​​and goals; the sociological foundation reflects the actual needs and social realities of the communities subject to regulation; Meanwhile, the legal basis guarantees formal legality and vertical and horizontal consistency with the national legal system. Key findings indicate that these three foundations are inherently relevant and complementary in determining the quality of regional regulations. Synergy and harmonious integration between them are essential prerequisites for producing regional legal products that have legal validity, are capable of upholding substantive justice, and are responsive to the dynamics of public needs.  

This research aims to analyze Indonesia's presidential system of government through mechanisms of popular control over the president. In a presidential system of government, the president holds full executive power, separate from the legislative and judicial branches. This power must be balanced with strong control mechanisms to prevent abuse of power. One important form of oversight that often receives insufficient attention is direct popular control over the president. The method employed in this research is a juridical-normative method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by primary and secondary legal sources, with legal materials collected through literature study. The findings of this research indicate that mechanisms of popular control over the president remain weak, both through legal and political instruments. The impeachment mechanism stipulated in Article 7A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is extremely complex. Meanwhile, the oversight function of the House of Representatives (DPR) as the people's representative also does not operate optimally due to the dominance of oversized coalitions, which cause parliament to tend to favor the government. Strengthening popular control functions is not intended to weaken presidential power, but rather to ensure that executive power operates in an accountable and transparent manner while remaining subject to the principle of popular sovereignty, so that Indonesia's presidential system becomes more democratic and enjoys strong legitimacy in the eyes of the people.

This study was motivated by the existence of Longgo Mayuru Dance as a traditional art form of Gorontalo that still maintains its socio-cultural functions and relatively authentic movement structure amid cultural dynamics. This dance not only serves as an aesthetic expression but also as a cultural text that represents the history, customary system, and social identity of the Molingkapoto community. The purpose of this study is to analyse the movement structure of the Longgo Mayuru dance in relation to the historical context and social life of the Molingkapoto community. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-interpretative design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with dance performers and traditional leaders, as well as visual and written documentation. Data analysis was carried out by describing the dance movement structure at the level of motifs, phrases, and movement sentences, then interpreted through structural and sociocultural approaches. The results of the study show that the Longgo Mayuru Dance has its roots in traditional martial arts, which underwent historical transformation into a symbolic escort dance. It has a sacred socio-customary function and is composed of a systematic and symbolically meaningful movement structure. The implications of this research emphasise the importance of preserving the Longgo Mayuru dance, not only in terms of its movements, but also in terms of the socio-cultural context and historical values that underpin it as part of the cultural heritage of the Molingkapoto community.

This research aims to examine the role of music in the construction process of the traditional Karo house, Siwaluh Jabu, in Lingga Cultural Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. In Karo culture, music is not merely a source of entertainment but serves as a symbolic and spiritual medium that reflects cultural values, social cohesion, and the community’s belief system. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic approach through field observation, in-depth interviews with traditional figures, musicians, and local residents, as well as documentation of rituals and architectural elements of the Siwaluh Jabu house. The findings reveal that music plays a significant role in each stage of construction, starting from the selection of suitable wood to the completion ritual known as Mengket. The Gendang Lima Sendalanen ensemble—particularly through the performance of Gendang Limapuluh Kurang Dua—functions as a medium connecting humans with ancestral spirits, legitimizing the spiritual presence within the house, and strengthening communal cooperation. Music serves not only to regulate the rhythm of collective work but also to ensure harmony between humans, nature, and the unseen forces that are believed to inhabit the house. Therefore, music is an essential element that maintains cultural continuity, reinforces identity, and supports the preservation of the Karo intangible heritage amidst ongoing modernization.

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the local fruit commodities with high potential as a source of functional natural ingredients. This study aims to identify the morphological characteristics and profile the phytochemical content of local Sumenep sugar apple fruit as a basis for the development of its bioactivity. Morphological observations were carried out in the Sumenep area, including fruit shape, size, stem circumference, leaf characteristics, and flower parts. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using qualitative tests for tannins and saponins, while tests for flavonoids and alkaloids are planned for the next stage. Observation results showed that local Sumenep sugar apple fruits have morphological variations in the form of ovoid, round, and oblong shapes, influenced by genetic factors and environmental conditions.  Phytochemical tests showed the presence of tannins, indicated by a color change to dark green when using FeCl₃ reagent, as well as the presence of saponins, demonstrated by the formation of stable foam during the shaking test. These findings reinforce the potential of local Sumenep soursop fruit as a candidate source of functional natural compounds, particularly in relation to antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and other pharmacological benefits. Further studies are needed to analyze other phytochemical contents and evaluate bioactive activities more comprehensively.  

The Damahu waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. Damahu) is a local variety traditionally cultivated by the Gorontalo community and possesses significant potential for the development of functional food products. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of the Damahu waxy corn variety originating from Bontula Village, Asparaga District, Gorontalo Regency, through proximate analysis. The corn samples were dried, milled, and analyzed using standard analytical procedures to quantify moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents. The results indicated that Damahu waxy corn flour contained 83.32% carbohydrates, 5.93% protein, 1.67% fat, 8.84% moisture, and 0.24% ash. This composition characterizes the Damahu variety as a good energy source. However, its protein content does not yet meet the minimum requirement set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for corn-based processed products. The nutritional profile highlights the potential of Damahu waxy corn for the development of nutritious and competitive local food products. This study provides an initial contribution to the documentation of Gorontalo’s indigenous corn varieties and offers a scientific foundation for the utilization of local germplasm to strengthen regional food security.

Waste management remains a major challenge, particularly due to the lack of public awareness and habits in sorting waste from its source. Innovative technology-based solutions are needed to support more effective waste management systems. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart trash bin capable of automatically sorting metal and non-metal waste. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, an LJ12A3-4-Z/BY sensor to detect metal materials, an E18 sensor to detect non-metal materials, and an ultrasonic sensor to monitor bin capacity. The waste separation mechanism is operated by a servo motor controlled by the system, while the Blynk application is integrated for real-time monitoring and full-capacity notifications sent directly to the user’s smartphone. The research stages included hardware design, microcontroller programming, IoT platform integration, and functionality testing to ensure system performance and reliability. The results showed that the smart trash bin operated as expected, successfully identifying and separating metal and non-metal waste automatically, while also sending real-time notifications to the user when the bin approached full capacity. The implementation of this technology has the potential to modernize waste management processes, improve the efficiency of waste sorting, and reduce dependency on manual labor. Furthermore, this research opens opportunities for future development by integrating additional sensors and cloud-based data management systems to support smart city initiatives and sustainable waste management practices.

The performance of investigators in resolving criminal cases is one of the key indicators of police effectiveness. However, the Semendawai Suku III Police Sector still faces challenges in monitoring case resolution due to the lack of an integrated reporting system and minimal documentation of investigators’ knowledge. This study aims to develop an interactive dashboard system based on Knowledge Management to assist in monitoring case resolution performance and support data- and knowledge-based decision-making processes. The research employs the Prototype method, involving several stages: needs analysis, system design, system development, testing, and refinement. The system was developed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The implementation results show that the dashboard can display data on criminal reports, case resolutions, and pending cases in an informative and integrated manner. In addition, the knowledge base feature functions as a medium for storing and sharing investigators’ experiences (lesson learned), allowing field knowledge to be reused by other officers when handling similar cases. Overall, the implementation of the interactive dashboard system based on Knowledge Management at the Semendawai Suku III Police Sector successfully improves work efficiency, strengthens the transparency of investigative performance, and builds a foundation for sustainable organizational learning within the police environment.

The DC motor serves as the main drive of the vessel and is equipped with a rotary encoder that functions to regulate the movement of the sensor in measuring sediment levels. This rotary encoder is also used to monitor and represent the rotational speed of the DC motor. System testing was carried out by implementing a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) algorithm to control the DC motor speed in moving the vessel, ensuring stable motion. This fuzzy logic–based approach is expected to improve accuracy and efficiency in sediment volume calculations, while also reducing potential errors that commonly occur in manual methods. Simulating motor speed control using the fuzzy logic algorithm in MATLAB, the best test results were achieved over several trials, with a rise time of 376.310 ms and an overshoot of 83.33%. Motor speed measurements using both a tachometer and Arduino produced consistent results, with an average relative error of 0.18%.

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of a vacuum pan automation sistem using solenoid valves at PT. Duta Sugar International as an effort to improve the efficiency and quality of refined sugar production. The vacuum pan is the main tool in the sugar crystallization process that functions to evaporate the sugar solution under low pressure. Problems faced in the manual sistem are temperature instability and high dependence on operators, which impact time inefficiency and decrease product quality. The purpose of this research is to design and analyze the implementation of an automatic control system based on a Distributed Control Sistem (DCS) with the integration of solenoid valve actuators to optimize temperature stability and cooking process efficiency. The research method was carried out using qualitative and quantitative approaches through direct observation, technical interviews with the automation team, and supporting literature studies. The results showed that the automatic system was able to maintain a stable cooking temperature in the range of 78°C–85°C, lower and more efficient than the manual system which fluctuates between 90°C–100°C. In addition, cooking time was reduced by 10–15 minutes per cycle, and the crystallization process became more uniform with more efficient energy consumption. The results showed that the implementation of DCS-based automatic control with solenoid valves significantly improved operational stability, productivity, and energy efficiency. Thus, this automation sistem proved to be an effective solution for optimizing vacuum pan performance in the modern sugar industry.

 The development of major cities in Indonesia, including Medan, is inseparable from complex social, economic, and political dynamics. This transformation often leads to a mismatch between the city's image and its local identity, reduced access to adequate housing, and the decline of public open spaces, particularly in urban fringe areas such as Pulo Brayan. In fact, public spaces play a crucial role in supporting social interaction and ecological functions within a city. This study focuses on the importance of redesigning public space in the Pulo Brayan area using a sustainable architectural approach. The main objective is to create a public space that can address social, economic, and environmental challenges in an integrated manner. The proposed design emphasizes the integration of historical values, active community participation, and ecological functionality to support the realization of sustainable cities, in line with the principles of Sustainable Cities and Communities. Thus, this design is expected to serve as a contextual, inclusive, and sustainable model for public space regeneration.

This study addresses the inefficiencies in the manual student payment administration system currently used at SMK Bina Insan Nusantara, which relies on handwritten ledgers and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, leading to frequent data errors, delayed reporting, and difficulties in retrieving payment records. The research aims to design a web-based information system to streamline the recording, monitoring, and reporting of student payments. A descriptive research approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with administrative staff, and literature review. System analysis was conducted using the PIECES framework, and system design followed the Unified Modeling Language (UML) methodology. The proposed system features user authentication, student data management, real-time payment input, digital receipt generation, and automated reporting (daily, monthly, and yearly). Black-box testing confirmed that the system functions as intended, validating inputs, processing transactions accurately, and generating reliable outputs. Findings indicate that the web-based system significantly improves data accuracy, operational efficiency, accessibility, and service quality compared to the existing manual process. The implementation of this system enables school administrators to manage payments more effectively, provides students and parents with timely access to payment information, and supports faster, data-driven decision-making by school leadership and the foundation. Future enhancements could include mobile integration and online payment gateways.

In the digital era, business entities increasingly rely on computerized systems to manage financial activities efficiently. This study aims to design and develop a web-based financial reporting application for UD Jaya Abadi, a trading company located in Magetan Regency. The development process utilized the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology to ensure user involvement and rapid prototyping. Data were collected through observation and interviews with the business owner to identify problems in manual bookkeeping and report preparation. The resulting application automates financial processes including sales, purchases, journal entries, and financial reporting in accordance with SAK ETAP standards. System modules include master data management, transaction recording, and financial reporting such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow reports. Testing using the black box method confirmed that all system functions operated correctly. This web-based system enhances data accuracy, minimizes human error, and provides real-time access to financial information, significantly improving the efficiency of financial management at UD Jaya Abadi.

Decision Support Systems (DSS) can become inaccurate when used with imprecise, incomplete, or dynamically changing data. Fuzzy logic techniques based on conventional methodologies may be strong at handling vagueness, but are unable to adapt their behavior in response to different data distributions on their own. This paper recommends the creation of an Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Integration Framework that dynamically updates membership functions and rule weights in response to data variation to enhance decision accuracy under uncertainty. The described framework combines Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) with learning-based parameter update concepts borrowed from adaptive optimisation. The model was simulated and executed on a hybrid algorithmic platform that included gradient-based parameter tuning and iterative feedback learning. Experimental tests were conducted on uncertainty-generated data sets to compare adaptive and conventional fuzzy models in terms of ISME (Root Mean Square Error), convergence stability, and decision accuracy. Previous results show that the adaptive model achieves a 21.4% increase in accuracy and a 28% improvement in convergence rate compared to non-adaptive fuzzy systems. Moreover, the model ensures stable performance even in the presence of random data perturbations, demonstrating its ability to handle uncertainty. This book incorporates a self-tuning fuzzy decision model that converts static inference structures to dynamic evolving decision engines. The outcomes establish a foundation for next-generation smart DSS for real-time optimization in uncertainty.

This study examines the Coldplay Gate phenomenon as a reflection of gender inequality and weak ethical relations in the workplace. The event, which began as a personal issue in the entertainment sphere, evolved into a public discourse because it revealed the vulnerability of women within organizational power structures. The workplace, which should uphold professionalism, instead demonstrates gender bias, subordination, and dysfunctional practices that undermine institutional integrity. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study as the main method. Data were collected from news articles, research reports, and official publications from both national and international institutions such as the World Bank Gender Data Portal (2024), Statistics Indonesia (BPS, 2024), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and Populix (2024). Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify key themes, including women’s subordination, abuse of power relations, and weak organizational ethics. The findings indicate that Coldplay Gate should not be understood merely as a personal scandal but as a reflection of unequal workplace structures. Empirical data reinforce this conclusion, such as women’s labor participation of only 55.41 percent, limited representation in strategic positions (15 percent of CEOs are women), and high levels of workplace discrimination (45 percent). These findings highlight the need for ethical awareness and gender sensitivity to be internalized within organizational culture. The study concludes that formal regulations must be accompanied by the development of a fair, safe, and inclusive professional culture, enabling workplaces to function as equal spaces for all individuals without barriers based on gender or power relations.

The increasing global pressure for environmental sustainability has encouraged companies to adopt socially and ecologically responsible business practices. Green accounting has emerged as a strategic approach to integrate environmental information into corporate decision-making and reporting. This study aims to explore and analyze the relationship between green accounting, resource efficiency, and sustainability reporting within the framework of sustainability management accounting. The research employs a systematic review approach of 50 studies sourced from Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library. The findings affirm that green accounting functions not only as an environmental recording system but also as a strategic management tool that supports operational efficiency and holistic sustainability reporting.

This study aims to identify and analyze viewers' motives in watching fashion review content on the YouTube platform. The study was conducted in Semarang City during the period from October 1 to October 31, 2025 with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include documentation and observation of audience behavior and the content displayed. The results showed that the main motives of viewers included searching for product references, obtaining tips and guides, comparing products, as well as social validation and credibility from reviewers. In addition to the informative aspect, the entertainment dimension is also a significant factor that drives interest in watching. Psychological satisfaction such as pleasure, relaxation, and emotional fulfillment become part of the viewing experience, especially when filling your free time. Viewers also show interest in the vlogger's personality, communicative delivery style, and visually appealing video production quality. The aesthetic pleasure of creatively packaged fashion looks also strengthens the appeal of the content. These findings suggest that the motivation for watching is not only functional but also emotional and aesthetic. The implications of this study can be input for fashion content creators in designing more effective and attractive delivery strategies, as well as for fashion industry players to understand the behavior of digital consumers in accessing product information through social media.

The rapid development of network infrastructure demands high Quality of Service (QoS), especially in Metro Ethernet networks widely utilized by telecommunication service providers. A primary challenge is efficient bandwidth management to ensure network stability and performance. This research aims to optimize bandwidth management by implementing the Y.1731 method based on Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) on Raisecom devices. The methodology employed is a quantitative experimental approach based on technical simulation within an Professional Network Emulator Tool Lab (PNET Lab), where real-time network performance measurements are conducted using the ITU-T Y.1731 protocol for key parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss on Raisecom devices (represented by Cisco routers). The expected outcomes include increased efficiency in bandwidth utilization through more adaptive allocation, comprehensive and accurate real-time network performance monitoring capabilities, validation of OAM functions on Raisecom devices, improved Quality of Service (QoS) and better Service Level Agreement (SLA) attainment, and the provision of technical recommendations for network management. The implementation of Y.1731 is anticipated to quickly detect and respond to service degradation, thereby providing a strong basis for decision-making in network management and contributing to the enhancement of service quality in Metro Ethernet networks through optimization based on proactive monitoring.

The implementation of the core tax administration sistem (Core Tax Administration Sistem or Coretax) in early 2025, which was expected to modernise tax services, instead sparked a wave of public criticism due to various fatal technical obstacles. The dysfunction of this sistem not only hampered administration but also gave rise to discourse on distrust of state budget management. This study aims to analyse in depth how the failure to implement Coretax has eroded public trust and damaged the fiscal social contract between taxpayers and the state. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective based on Norman Fairclough's model. Data was collected through netnography from public comments and interactions on social media, then analysed through three dimensions: text (micro), discourse practice (meso), and social practice (macro). The findings show that public discourse is not merely technical complaints, but a form of symbolic resistance. At the micro level, sistem dysfunction is interpreted as evidence of incompetence and alleged budget irregularities. At the meso level, the public mobilises collective memory related to past government project failures to validate their distrust. At the macro level, this signifies a violation of the principle of reciprocity, whereby the state is perceived as demanding tax compliance without providing adequate services, thereby triggering a crisis of legitimacy. The implications of this study emphasise that digital transformation of the public sector requires transparency and accountability; failure to respond to this crisis has the potential to significantly reduce voluntary tax compliance.

The current education system is facing a crucial dilemma: the intensifying focus on cognitive achievement amidst the specific challenges faced by Generation Z. Junior high school students aged 12–15, who are digital natives, are at risk of reduced social interaction and mental health issues due to high screen time. Addressing this urgency, this study aims to describe the strategic role of dance arts education in shaping character and creativity, and to identify implementation solutions at SMP Negeri 1 Wonogiri. This descriptive qualitative study utilized 8 students active in dance as primary subjects, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that dance arts, through an embodied learning approach based on physical movement, is highly effective in cultivating character. Values such as discipline, which is transferred from the punctuality required in practice to general school life , collective responsibility , and self-confidence that overcomes social awkwardness, grew significantly. Furthermore, dance reinforces authentic cooperation and cultural appreciation. In terms of creativity, the activity encourages movement exploration, improvisation, and creative problem-solving. Psychologically, dance practice functions as a positive coping mechanism that effectively lowers adolescent stress levels. Although constraints exist, such as limited instructional time (80 minutes per week) , adaptive solutions like strengthening extracurricular activities and the peer tutoring system are being implemented. This research concludes that dance arts education is an essential and strategic medium for developing holistic competencies, including the 4Cs (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication) and the Profil Pelajar Pancasila.