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This study discusses the phenomenon of digital entrepreneurship in the era of global climate awareness, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, sustainable technology, and green innovation. The main issues raised are the fragmentation of analysis between digital business ethics, green economic opportunities, and technological challenges such as greenwashing, high AI energy consumption, and the digital divide. The purpose of this study is to formulate an interdisciplinary framework that combines ethical, technological, and sustainability dimensions to strengthen the role of digital entrepreneurs in achieving low-carbon development. The methods used include critical literature analysis, bibliometrics of 200 publications (2018-2025) using VOSviewer, and fuzzy logic-based simulations using the UNESCO AI ethics framework (2021) and the sustainable business model of Bocken et al. (2014). The results show four main research clusters: AI for Sustainable Innovation, Ethical Digital Business, Blockchain for Green Supply Chain, and Circular Digital Economy. The application of AI ethics increases the efficiency of green business decisions by up to 20%, consumer trust by 17%, and MSME participation by 14%. The synthesis of findings confirms that AI ethics acts as a conceptual mediator that strengthens the link between technological innovation and sustainability. In conclusion, ethical digital entrepreneurship has great potential as a driving force for Indonesia's green economy, but it requires digital ethics audit policies and the adoption of low-carbon technologies to address ethical and environmental risks in the AI era.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally transformed civil legal interactions, making electronic documents such as instant messages, online transactions, and digital contracts primary forms of evidence in many civil disputes. However, their admissibility in judicial proceedings remains fraught with challenges concerning formal and material validity. This study aims to identify juridical and technical obstacles in digital evidence and to formulate an ideal model for civil procedural law that ensures reliable electronic proof. A normative-juridical approach with qualitative analysis was employed, combining doctrinal research through legislative review, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature with case studies of court decisions involving electronic evidence, particularly in divorce disputes. The findings reveal that inconsistent judicial treatment stems from the absence of specific procedural rules in Indonesia’s civil procedure framework still rooted in colonial-era HIR and RBg alongside limited digital infrastructure and low technological literacy among judicial actors. In response, the study proposes an integrated legal construction model featuring explicit provisions in the upcoming Civil Procedure Code, adoption of the functional equivalence principle, institutionalization of digital forensic experts in litigation, and procedural safeguards for vulnerable parties. The research concludes that only through holistic reform of the evidentiary paradigm can Indonesia’s civil justice system guarantee fairness, legal certainty, and relevance in the digital era.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of profitability, leverage, liquidity, and cash-flow shocks on the financial distress of companies in the hotel, restaurant, and tourism subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021 to 2024. The research approach employed is quantitative, using logistic regression analysis. The data analyzed are secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of the respective companies. The results of the study indicate that, simultaneously, the four independent variables significantly influence financial distress. However, based on partial testing, each variable, namely Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), and cash flow shock, does not show a significant relationship with financial distress. These findings imply that the risk of financial distress in this industry cannot be explained solely through a single financial indicator; instead, a more holistic approach is required. This study provides essential contributions to both management and investors in assessing companies' financial condition and formulating appropriate strategic decisions.

The phenomenon of children not attending school in Situhiang Village is still a serious problem that has an impact on the social, emotional, and sustainable development of children's education. This service program aims to design and implement mentoring based on the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach by involving parents, teachers, and the community as the main subjects in overcoming the causes of children not attending school. The ABCD method is used through the stages of asset mapping, expectation formulation, strategy design, action plan determination, and implementation of continuous mentoring. The results of the activity showed that the main causes of school absenteeism were related to children's negative experiences, family economic conditions, and social environmental pressures. Mentoring has succeeded in increasing parental awareness, strengthening community support, and creating a safer, more comfortable, and child-friendly learning environment. This program also fosters the collective commitment of residents to maintain the sustainability of education through the formation of education care groups. These findings confirm that community empowerment through an asset-based approach is effective in reducing children's risk of school dropouts, increasing primary education participation, and encouraging children's social inclusion in the community.

The revision of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) Law fundamentally changes the concept of SOE losses by emphasizing that losses incurred in SOE operations constitute corporate losses, not state financial losses. This change has a direct impact on the construction of directors' accountability, which has often been associated with corruption when companies experience losses. This study aims to analyze the provisions of SOE directors' responsibilities based on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles within the new regulatory framework, as well as to examine the application of sanctions against directors who violate these principles and cause corporate losses. The study uses normative legal methods with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The analysis was conducted by examining the provisions of the Limited Liability Company Law, the revised SOE Law, related implementing regulations, and several important decisions, such as those concerning Jiwasraya, Asabri, Garuda Indonesia, and Pertamina-TPPI. The results show that the principles of GCG, fiduciary duty, and the Business Judgment Rule are the primary instruments in assessing directors' actions. Civil and administrative sanctions are the first line of defense for assessing directors' accountability, while criminal sanctions can only be imposed if there is an element of abuse of authority, conflict of interest, or other fraudulent acts. This research emphasizes the need for a clear distinction between business risks and unlawful acts to prevent directors from being criminalized for business decisions made in good faith and in accordance with good corporate governance principles. These findings are expected to serve as a reference in formulating state-owned enterprise policies and promoting more proportionate law enforcement against directors.

The Taman Candi is included in the category of active green open space (GOS). Based on this, it is necessary to carry out good maintenance aimed at maintaining the quality of facilities, both softscape and hardscape in the park. Maintenance in Taman Candi Ngawi Regency refers to the park maintenance standards by Arifin and Arifin (2005). Data processing was carried out using a quantitative method, namely using a work capacity calculation formula, aimed at measuring the suitability of work and worker effectiveness from the maintenance of the Taman Candi Ngawi Regency. The management of the Taman Candi in Ngawi Regency does not have a written maintenance schedule, so maintenance activities are carried out flexibly or according to the conditions in the field, and there are several activities that have not been carried out, the results show that there is still work that is not ideal from the work capacity and exceeds the ideal value in accordance with the standard of maintenance work capacity of Arifin and Arifin (2005). This is due to the lack of knowledge of workers about good and correct maintenance activities, the absence of a written schedule from the manager, and the lack of availability of tools.

This research investigates the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) resulting from blasting operations at Pit Pinang, PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, employing two prediction approaches: Non-Linear Geometric Regression and the USBM Oriard’s Formula. Ground vibration measurements were recorded over a one-month period, from October 9 to November 8, 2025. The findings indicate that the non-linear regression model achieves a higher predictive accuracy of 78.62%, outperforming the USBM Oriard’s Formula, which reaches 68.2%. Variations between the observed and estimated PPV values were affected by factors such as the location of geophones, differences in explosive charges, and alterations in borehole depths. In addition, the study evaluates optimal explosive charge recommendations in accordance with SNI 7571:2010 standards to mitigate potential structural damage in surrounding areas. By highlighting these predictive discrepancies and providing practical guidance on charge management, the research offers valuable insights for improving blasting safety and minimizing vibration impacts on nearby infrastructure. The comparison of methods emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate prediction models to ensure both operational efficiency and environmental safety.

This community service program aims to enhance students’ knowledge and awareness regarding natural cosmetic formulations through training on the development of a natural deodorant balm, “Nature DeoBalm.” The activity was conducted at the Entrepreneurship Laboratory of UIN Palangka Raya and involved fifth-semester students of the Biology Education Department as participants. The training integrates promotive and applicative approaches, combining theoretical education on the risks of synthetic deodorants with direct observation of the production process for natural deodorant balm. The program emphasized the use of safe, plant-based ingredients such as beeswax, coconut oil, shea butter, vitamin E, and essential oils, which are known for their antibacterial, moisturizing, and skin-protecting properties. The implementation included several stages: preparation, material presentation, demonstration of the formulation process, product observation, evaluation, and documentation. Results showed that students demonstrated increased understanding of natural cosmetic components, formulation techniques, and the benefits of natural deodorants. They also developed a heightened awareness of environmentally friendly personal care products and showed interest in exploring entrepreneurial opportunities in herbal-based cosmetics. This program highlights the importance of introducing natural cosmetic innovation in higher education environments as a way to build scientific literacy, practical skills, and entrepreneurial competence. Overall, the activity successfully provided meaningful learning experiences and promoted the utilization of natural ingredients as sustainable alternatives to synthetic deodorant products.

The primary purpose of this activity is to enhance the capabilities of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) in managing wet cake production in a more hygienic and efficient way in order to generate products with higher market value. The skill development emphasizes technical improvements in the production process by prioritizing cleanliness, food safety, and consistent quality, as well as increasing efficiency in the utilization of raw materials and labor. This activity was implemented for UMKM operating under Dynala Food in Gentengan Hamlet, Padang Village, Singojuruh District, Banyuwangi. In addition to production aspects, the program also aims to strengthen marketing strategies at both local and digital levels, enabling tofu and wet cake products to be more easily accessed by consumers. The implementation was conducted through door-to-door visits and direct field observations. The program stages included socialization, hands-on training, technology application, mentoring, evaluation, and achievement of program objectives. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify challenges, formulate concrete action plans, and support the adoption of technology and digitalization in business development.

This study aims to analyze public relations (PR) management practices and the leadership style of the Vice Principal for Public Relations (Waka Humas) in building a positive school image and establishing partnerships with industry sectors. The focus of the research lies in communication strategies, coordination patterns, and leadership approaches implemented to support school development programs based on industry collaboration. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation analysis. The findings reveal that the Vice Principal for Public Relations applies strategic PR planning, including situation analysis, goal formulation, program implementation, and evaluation processes. Furthermore, a transformational leadership style is predominantly applied, characterized by the ability to motivate, inspire teachers and staff, and foster a collaborative culture in achieving school goals. This leadership approach has been proven effective in increasing stakeholder participation, expanding industrial networks, and strengthening the school’s image as an adaptive institution responsive to the needs of the workforce. Nevertheless, the study also identifies challenges related to limited resources, particularly concerning infrastructure support and time allocation for program implementation. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing the capacity of school public relations roles to ensure sustainable industrial partnerships and a strong institutional reputation.

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, price perception, and promotion on purchasing decisions for Panasonic brand electronic products at the Batam Electronics Store in Pekanbaru City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where primary data is collected by distributing questionnaires to 45 consumers who have purchased Panasonic products. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method. The data obtained are analyzed using a structural equation model based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to test the relationship between research variables. The results of the analysis show that product quality has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, indicating that product quality and reliability are important factors in consumer considerations. In addition, promotion is also proven to have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, indicating the role of promotional strategies in attracting consumer interest. Price perception also has a significant influence, which means that the suitability of price with the benefits perceived by consumers can encourage purchasing decisions. The findings of this study confirm that improving product quality, setting prices that are in accordance with consumer perceptions, and implementing effective promotional strategies can strengthen purchasing decisions. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to be a reference for business actors in formulating marketing strategies for electronic products. Keywords: Product Quality, Price Perception, Promotion, Purchasing Decisions.

This study aims to determine the optimal pectinase enzyme concentration and hydrolysis duration for the most preferred physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of kweni mango syrup. The research was conducted from October 2024 to August 2025 at the Integrated Laboratory and Basic Science Laboratory of the Agricultural Institute (INTAN) Yogyakarta using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors and two replications. The first factor was the pectinase enzyme concentration (0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%), and the second factor was the hydrolysis duration (0, 30, and 60 minutes). Observation parameters included yield, vitamin C, viscosity, pH, total soluble solids, and organoleptic attributes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed significant effects of both pectinase enzyme concentration and hydrolysis duration on yield, viscosity, total soluble solids, and organoleptic characteristics (color, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability), while no significant effects were observed on vitamin C content and pH. The best formulation was obtained using 0.50% pectinase enzyme concentration with a hydrolysis duration of 30 minutes.

Biodiversity is essentially a reflection of the number of species and individuals inhabiting a community, as seen in the Pteridophyta group. These plants, which have evolved to have differentiated roots, stems, and leaves, play an important role in forest systems, primarily as protectors of the soil surface from the effects of erosion, in addition to contributing to the decomposition of organic matter that produces nutrients, and being a major part of the producer chain in the trophic structure. The Jaboi hot spring area, located in the Sukajaya District of Sabang City, exhibits unique ecological characteristics, influenced by the presence of the Jaboi volcano, which gives rise to geothermal phenomena such as fumarole activity, hot steam emissions, and the emergence of high-temperature water flows. This geothermal dynamic directly causes alterations in the physical and chemical conditions of the local soil, thereby shaping habitat characteristics and influencing the existence of vegetation, including ferns. To date, there is little scientific information available on the diversity of ferns in this area. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine and measure the diversity of ferns in the Jaboi hot spring area. The study was conducted in October 2025 using an exploratory survey approach to determine plots and purposive sampling techniques for field data collection. Diversity analysis was based on the Shannon-Wiener index (Ĥ) formula. Based on the identification results, 15 species of ferns from a total of 6 families and 433 individuals were found. The diversity index obtained (Ĥ=2.490171) indicates a moderate level.

Jam is a paste-shaped food usually made from fruit which is quite popular from children to teenagers. Aloe vera is one of the 10 best-selling plant species in the world which was developed as a raw material in the pharmaceutical and food industries, especially in countries on the European continent. Inulin is a dietary fiber contained in various types of vegetables and fruits that are beneficial for digestive health. Purple sweet potato is used in the addition of jam because purple sweet potato contains vitamin A, B vitamins and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inulin thickener and purple sweet potato extract with high antioxidant activity, and to determine the characteristics of the panelists' preference to jam. This study used a completely randomized design with the first factor being variations in the concentration of inulin as thickener 1, 2, and 3 g. The second factor was the addition of purple sweet potato extract (40, 50, and 60%). The results of this study indicated that the jam formulation with high antioxidant activity on variations in the concentration of 1 g of inulin thickener with the addition of 60% purple sweet potato extract. The jam formulation that was preferred by the panelists was found in variations in the concentration of 2 g of inulin with the addition of 40% purple sweet potato extract which had an overall value of 3,40 (neutral). Higher purple sweet potato extract, the higher the antioxidant activity of the jam. Purple sweet potato extract can be used as a source of antioxidants in jam making.

Modern education has produced various learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, constructivism, and postmodernism, each contributing significantly to the understanding of learning processes, motivation, and knowledge formation. However, these theories are rooted in secular philosophical foundations that place humanity at the center of truth while neglecting the spiritual dimension revealed in Scripture. This condition creates tension for Christian education, which upholds the Bible as the epistemological basis and ultimate purpose of learning. This study aims to critically examine the secular assumptions embedded within modern learning theories, identify pedagogical elements that can be integrated into Christian education, and formulate strategies for Christian educators to utilize secular theories without compromising their theological foundation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of books, journals, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that although modern learning theories offer valuable pedagogical insights, they contain naturalistic, rationalistic, humanistic, and relativistic assumptions that must be filtered through biblical theology. Christian educators are not required to reject secular theories entirely; rather, they bear an apologetic responsibility to discern useful methods, reject conflicting philosophical assumptions, and direct the entire learning process toward glorifying God. Thus, modern learning theories can function as effective tools within Christian education when positioned correctly as pedagogical instruments under the authority of Scripture.

This community service activity aims to enhance the creativity of UIN Palangka Raya students by producing functional herbal tea bags using cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The activity was implemented using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing active student participation in all stages of the production process. Participants, third-semester students of the Biology Education Study Program, were introduced to the health benefits of both herbs and were encouraged to practice drying ingredients, weighing formulations, and packaging the products. The results of the activity indicated that students gained a comprehensive understanding of the bioactive compounds in cat's whiskers and lemongrass, proper processing techniques to maintain ingredient quality, and the ideal formulation for making herbal tea bags. Students were also able to produce safe, hygienic, and functional tea bags. This activity has proven effective in enhancing students' knowledge, skills, creativity, and ability to develop innovative products based on local natural ingredients.

This study aims to analyze inventory control of catfish seeds at ABC Company by comparing the conventional inventory method represented by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach and the Just In Time (JIT) system in order to improve cost efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with company management, and documentation of inventory and cost records for the 2024 operational period. The analysis method involved calculating optimal order quantities, ordering frequency, delivery frequency, and total inventory costs using EOQ and JIT formulas, followed by a comparative cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the conventional method resulted in a total inventory cost of Rp 75,050,000 per year with high ordering frequency. In contrast, the implementation of the JIT system reduced inventory costs to Rp 18,762,500 per year, achieving a cost efficiency of 72%. These findings indicate that the JIT system is more cost-efficient than the conventional method; however, its implementation requires careful consideration of supplier capacity, logistics readiness, and biological risks associated with live inventory. This study contributes empirical evidence on the applicability of JIT in the aquaculture sector, which has different characteristics from manufacturing industries.

This study examines the constitutional systems of Denmark and Sweden as two of the most stable and advanced models of modern constitutional monarchy in the world. While maintaining the institution of monarchy, both countries have successfully integrated the principles of parliamentary democracy, parliamentary supremacy, and strict limitations on executive power, so that the monarch plays a purely symbolic role in the state. Using a normative-comparative legal research method that focuses on the 1953 Danish Constitution and the 1974 Swedish Instrument of Government, this study traces the historical evolution, constitutional structure, mechanisms of government formation, legislative oversight, and the role of the judiciary in both countries. The results of the study show that Denmark has retained a number of historical formulations regarding the power of the king in the text of the constitution, but all of these powers are symbolic in nature because they are controlled by parliamentary convention. Sweden, through its 1974 reforms, opted for a more decisive model by explicitly removing all political roles of the monarchy. Despite differences in constitutional design, both countries share fundamental similarities in their egalitarian political culture, bureaucratic professionalism, political consensus, and parliamentary rule mechanisms that create governmental stability.Further analysis shows that the continuity of the monarchy in both countries is inseparable from peaceful historical transformation, the monarchy's ability to adapt to democratization, and its role as

The personal care product industry, particularly bath soap, is becoming increasingly competitive as public awareness of health and hygiene grows. Lifebuoy is a long-trusted bath soap brand, but according to data from the Top Brand Index 2021–2024, Lifebuoy is experiencing a significant downward trend. This situation indicates a problem in consumer purchasing decisions, making it crucial to examine the factors influencing it. This study aims to analyze the influence of advertising and brand image on purchasing decisions for Lifebuoy bath soap in Semarang City, with purchase intention as an intervening variable. This study used a quantitative approach with explanatory research. The population in this study was all Lifebuoy bath soap users in Semarang City. The sample was determined using a non-probability sampling method using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 96 respondents. Data analysis techniques used Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Measurement Model Evaluation (Outer Model), and Structural Model Evaluation (Inner Model) using the SmartPLS 0.4 application. The results of the study indicate that advertising has a direct influence on purchasing decisions, brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, advertising does not have a significant direct influence on purchase intention, brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchase intention, purchase intention has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions, purchase intention mediates the relationship between advertising and purchase decisions, and purchase intention mediates the relationship between brand image and purchase decisions.

This community service program aims to provide management assistance to micro and small batik industries in optimizing digital platform and social media-based marketing. This allows these micro and small batik industry players to reach a wider network and ensure their business sustainability in the future after the pandemic. This community service program uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which aims to capture the real-world conditions related to the management of batik industry players in Mojokerto. This mentoring program was attended by micro and small batik industry players, primarily small and craft industries, including 10 batik artisans and industry managers residing in Mojokerto. The mentoring method was implemented through four stages: a) identifying mentoring needs for micro and small batik industry players, b) selecting management literacy priorities, c) designing a management literacy mentoring program, and d) implementing the management mentoring program for micro and small batik industries. The management mentoring program indicates that micro and small batik industry players require ongoing marketing and business development management mentoring. After entering the COVID-19 pandemic, batik industry players in Mojokerto have not been able to recover to pre-COVID-19 levels in 2019. The management mentoring program includes four stages: a) delivering material on the role of management, business sustainability, business problems, and formulating solutions; b) identifying relevant management problems discussed in a focus group discussion; c) mentoring on marketing aspects and optimizing the role of cooperatives within batik industry groups; d) mentoring on business sustainability management through digital business optimization. Through this structured management mentoring program, micro and small batik industry players will be able to improve their management and business management.