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Learning media is an important thing to do in learning, therefore researchers develop learning media. This research was conducted at MTs Salafiyah Kasim because this school has potential and problems. The problem that researchers found in class was the lack of student activity in participating in history learning in class, namely at the beginning of learning there were students who felt sleepy and apart from that other students preferred to play with their classmates, so students became less active in the material. From the results of these observations, the researcher obtained several problem formulations, namely 1.) What are the steps for developing infographic media on the theme of the upgrading temple for class VII students at Mts Salafiyah Kasim. 2.) What is the level of validity of developing infographic media on the theme of upgrading temples for class VII students at Mts Salafiyah Kasim. This research includes development research or R&D (Research and Development) using the ADDIE development model. Data collection by researchers uses observation, questionnaires and documentation. The data obtained will be in the form of qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data in the form of observations and short interviews and quantitative data in the form of test scores and results from validation of infographic media. The validity of infographic media on the theme of upgrading temples is in the good category. In the media expert validity test the average was 50 with a percentage of 83%, in the material expert validity test the average was 93 with a percentage of 88%. Based on these results, infographic media is suitable for use. Steps for developing infographic media on the theme of temple upgrading. In the first stage of analysis, the researcher analyzed the needs in consultation with the class VII social studies teacher at Mts Salafiyah Kasim, namely Ludfi ​​Abu Mahmud, S. Mat., in the second stage of design, the researcher designed the infographic media as attractively as possible , the third stage of development, the researcher validates the learning media with validators, the fourth stage of implementation, the researcher tests the media for large-scale and small-scale trials. The fifth stage of evaluation, comparison of trials of infographic media on a large scale and a small scale.

The problem at Maharani Private High School is that teachers or educators still use conventional methods so that students become passive in class and students' low understanding of the subject of geography, lithosphere material, which still contains many concepts, makes students feel bored, lazy, and this affects the results. learning and obtained by students whose grades do not meet the standard criteria for maximum completeness. The minimum standard for completion criteria (KKM) in geography subjects at Maharani Private High School is 75. This classroom action research aims to 1) find out the application of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model, 2) to find out the development of class X students' learning outcomes regarding lithosphere materials and types of rocks after using a jigsaw type learning model. The method used in this research is classroom action research or PTK using a jigsaw type cooperative learning model for class X students with research subjects of 20 students. The location of this research is Maharani Private High School for the 2022/2023 academic year, Weliman District, Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This classroom action research was carried out in two cycles consisting of four stages including planning, observation, implementation and reflection. This research data was analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of this research show that using the jigsaw type cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class X SMA students on lithosphere material. The research results obtained for the first cycle of student learning outcomes were 6 students who completed with a percentage of 30% and as many as 14 students who did not complete or 70% of the 20 students, meanwhile, in cycle II the students who completed experienced an increase, namely 19 students. or as many as 95% and 1 student who did not complete or only 5% in cycle II. It can be concluded that using the jigsaw type learning model can significantly improve student learning outcomes in geography subjects on lithosphere material at Maharani Private High School for the 2022/2023 academic year.

Background: Mathematics is a very important subject to study. Mathematics lessons include the development and use of concepts such as numbers, formulas, geometry, and algebra to understand and explain phenomena in various contexts. To improve the quality of students' mathematics learning, it is necessary to develop material through a learning method which is expected to improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems. Method: The research design is "Pre-Experimental Whithout Control Group Design". The population in this study was the fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Muara Aman, totaling 25 people. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique where the entire population was sampled, namely 25 people. The results of this research were analyzed using the Paired t-test using SPSS 22 software. Results: The average mathematics score of respondents increased after being given the intervention by 51.13. Result: The results of the Paired T Test showed a p value of 0.000< α=0.05. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that there is an influence of the drill method on improving mathematics learning outcomes for fourth grade students at SD Negeri 2 Muara Aman in 2023. It is hoped that the results of this research will become a reference for teachers in developing effective learning methods to increase students' motivation and enthusiasm in learning interesting mathematics subjects. positive impact on increasing elementary school student learning achievement.

Early childhood is a child in the golden period of growth. By providing stimulus for their growth and development by stimulating them using APE. Educational Play Tools (APE) are expected to make learning interesting. and interesting. fun, so that children feel at home, don't get bored and focus on learning. Even though it is known that educational teaching aids (APE) really support the implementation of effective learning, schools require more optimal use of educational teaching aids (APE) in the learning process. The aim of the activity is to increase children's interest in learning, the department carries out actions with the help of educational toys (HPE) prepared by teachers in accordance with the basic needs of the subjects taught to children. and can be obtained easily using existing purchased item materials. used or other forms of creativity that can be designed, created, used and exploited, especially teachers who have the necessary skills to equip themselves through socialization, training and seminars to learn more and need new things in the form of knowledge and skills.

Education has a major role in the process of forming the character, ethics and morals of Gen-Z or the current generation. The subject that reflects several Islamic values is Fiqh. Students' understanding or interest in Fiqh subjects is still not optimal. So it is necessary to apply effective learning methods to increase student understanding. The demonstration method is one approach that is very suitable for achieving this goal. Because, students have the opportunity to see firsthand how the concepts in Fiqh can be applied in worship as well as everyday life . The process begins with a planning stage carried out with the teacher to identify various fiqh concepts that are confusing and often difficult for students to understand. Then there is a live demonstration where students actively participate in learning through observation and asking questions. Then the data was collected through interviews and observations of students, and qualitative analysis was carried out. Implementation will be greatly supported by the presence of materials or tools such as printed Fiqh of Worship books, visual presentation tools, animated videos and other multimedia support, while the instruments are still guided by interviews and observations . The demonstration method makes an important contribution to the development of students in critical thinking and solving problems, developing ethics and understanding related to worship in Fiqh. By formulating solutions, the ability to analyze problems, and also make ethical decisions. The right step in improving the development of the quality of Islamic religious education in the field of Fiqh in the context of worship is to use the demonstration method, because in this method, students will easily understand several concepts of worship in Fiqh by being more involved in learning and better.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

This article discusses the crucial role of teachers in facing the challenges of 21st century learning at the Inpres Silae State Elementary School (SDN). Education in this era requires adaptation and innovation to suit technological developments and the demands of the times. Teachers at SDN Inpres Silae are expected not only to deliver material, but also as learning facilitators who are able to develop 21st century skills in students. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data source was obtained from teachers at SDN Inpres Silae. This research examines the role of teachers in facing the learning challenges of the 21st century. Indonesian teachers must be able to overcome the challenges of learning in the 21st century. Teachers must be able to adapt to changing times. If teachers are unable to adapt to this increasingly advanced era, the role of teachers will increasingly change and be replaced by the role of technology and social media as a means of learning. This article can conclude that the role of teachers at SDN Inpres Silae is not only limited to imparting academic knowledge, but includes character building, developing creativity, and preparing students to face the realities of a dynamic world. With this holistic approach, teachers in these schools act as agents of change and move education in a direction that meets the demands of the times.

This Classroom Action Research aims to improve the learning of the material "Understanding the Concepts, Types, and Functions of Creative Music" through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The research was conducted in two cycles in class XII Science 4 SMA N 8 Denpasar. Data collection methods involve observation, tests, and analysis of learners' learning outcomes. At the beginning of the study, observations showed that students faced difficulties in understanding the concepts, types, and functions of music creations. Therefore, this classroom action research is designed to integrate PBL as a primary learning approach. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation, and reflection. The results showed that the application of PBL significantly increased students' understanding of creative music material. In addition, interaction between students has also increased, illustrating the existence of collaboration in solving problems related to the concept of creative music. Post-test results show consistent improvement from cycle to cycle. This research can be concluded that, the PBL model is effective in increasing students' understanding of the concepts, types, and functions of music creation. The implications of this research can be used as a reference for the development of more innovative and problem-solving oriented learning strategies in the context of creative music art materials.

This research discusses the implementation materials Of comic-based teaching. This research aims to develop teaching materials for fantasy story texts based on local wisdom in the form of digital comics to improve the learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students. This research is research and development (R&D). In this research and development, researchers used the ADDIE method, Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The results of the development research show that the digital comic teaching materials based on local wisdom for grade V elementary school students produced are said to be very feasible. This is proven by the media expert validation results showing a very good category (96%) from the average validator. The material expert validation results show a very good category (96%) from the average validator. Linguist validation results show a very good category (98%) from the average validator. The results of the student response product trials showed the very good category (87.5%) and the results of the teacher response product trials showed the very good category (94%). In the evaluation of the test results, students obtained an average result of 89.71 with a percentage score of 90% with very good criteria with details of 28 students completing. This comic is a good idea for language learning based on students' interests and talents to improve their learning. The research results are proof that digital comic teaching materials based on local wisdom are very feasible and can be used as learning materials that can improve student learning outcomes.

Incorporating engaging and effective teaching materials is essential for enhancing student learning in science education. This research aims to develop comic-based integrated science teaching materials tailored for fifth-grade students, employing the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) method. The research and development process follows these five stages to ensure comprehensive material creation and evaluation. The results indicate high validation scores: 96% for material, 98% for language, and 96% for media, categorizing the comics as highly suitable for educational use. Student and teacher responses further affirm this suitability, with 90% and 94% approval rates, respectively. Evaluation of student test results shows an average score of 90.36, with 90% of students meeting the criteria for excellence. This study concludes that comic-based teaching materials significantly enhance student engagement and understanding of science, contributing valuable insights into educational resource development.

Critical thinking skills are essential for developing quality individuals, as mandated by Law No. 20 Year 2003. Effective learning should integrate material with the context of local wisdom. This study aims to design a valid and reliable critical thinking skills test incorporating science content oriented to Tri Hita Karana local wisdom for use in primary school education, particularly for fourth-grade students. This research adopts a development methodology based on the steps outlined by Borg and Gall. The process consists of seven stages, starting with research and information gathering and concluding with product revision. An extensive trial was conducted during the seventh stage to finalize a valid and reliable critical thinking skills test. The results indicate that the developed test, comprising 30 items, is both valid and reliable, with a reliability coefficient of 0.89, indicating a very high level of reliability. The study successfully created a critical thinking assessment tool that integrates science content with Tri Hita Karana local wisdom. In conclusion, this research contributes to the development of a robust critical thinking skills test for fourth-grade primary school students. By incorporating local wisdom, particularly Tri Hita Karana, into the learning process, the test promotes the integration of cultural context into education. This contribution is significant for enhancing the educational experience and fostering critical thinking among students.

This material explores the role of education in primary schools as an effort to enlighten and shape the character of students. It focuses on students aged 6-12, emphasizing mastery of various study fields and social skills. Students are considered the main components in the learning process, with Law No. 20 of 2003 affirming their role as members of society developing their potential through formal education. The theoretical aspect discusses internal and external factors influencing students' social abilities, with the family as the first place for shaping social skills. Psychological factors, student conditions, interaction with the environment, and peer interactions are detailed in outlining factors affecting students' social development. The implications of these factors on students' academic achievement are also elucidated in the context of formal education. Emphasizing positive interactions among students and the impact of the community environment on students' learning outcomes becomes a crucial point in discussing the roles of schools and families in creating a supportive educational environment

This research aims to produce an LKPD product with a realistic mathematical approach that is valid, practical and effective for improving students' mathematical communication skills. This research and development is based on the stages of the 4D development model by Thiagarajan which was adapted to 3D including the definition, design and development stages. The subjects in this research were the X-Mipa 1 class of SMAN 2 Kabanjahe, totaling 30 people. Based on the research conducted, the validity of the LKPD obtained an average assessment of 89.47% by material experts and 88.15% by media experts with very valid qualifications. Through a questionnaire on the practicality of LKPD by teachers and students, an average of 90.27% was obtained by teachers and 92.12% by students with very practical qualifications. The implementation of learning by applying LKPD with RME was carried out to see the effectiveness of LKPD in obtaining results, namely achieving classical learning completeness. 86.67%, achievement of learning objectives was achieved in questions 1,2,3,4 and 5 and achievement of efficient learning time, from the effectiveness assessment reference, the LKPD developed was classified as effective. The increase in mathematical communication skills that occurred was an increase in the moderate category with an average gain score of 0.632. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the LKPD with RME that was developed met the qualifications of being valid, practical and effective.

Based on the results of the needs analysis in the learning process, a development of learning media is needed. This research aims to create this product to be more valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding. This research and development uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate) development model. The subjects of this research were 30 students of class X Science 1 at SMA Methodist 7 Medan. The research results show that the Android-based learning media developed has obtained a very high level of validity, with an average percentage of 90.38% according to material experts, 87.77% according to media experts, then 90.90% according to lesson plan validators and results. Validation from experts on pre-test and post-test questions showed a percentage of 92.70% and 91.67%, respectively included in the "very valid" criteria. Positive responses were also found from teachers and students during small group and large group trials, with an average score of 96% from teachers, 94.4% from small groups, and 90.2% from large groups. This shows that this media is very practical to use in the learning process. Apart from that, the results of implementing this interactive learning media also show its effectiveness with the average percentage of responses to the effectiveness of learning media by students obtained at 92.23%. The classical learning completion level reached 96.67%, and the effectiveness questionnaire obtained an average percentage of 86.67%. The increase in students' mathematical understanding can be categorized as moderate improvement. Based on this research data, it can be concluded that the Android-based learning media that we have developed has met the criteria of being valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding.

This paper explores the key role of teachers in educational curriculum development, especially in the implementation and evaluation of curriculum design. Teachers' skills and knowledge are not only as curriculum implementers, but also as learning architects who influence students' learning experiences. Teachers not only master open material, but also have an important role in planning relevant and interesting learning activities. This paper highlights the important collaboration between teachers and other stakeholders, such as curriculum administrators, parents, and the educational community. This collaboration is the basis for creating a curriculum that is effective, responsive to student needs, and reflects various perspectives. By introducing the role of teachers in curriculum implementation and evaluation, this paper encourages appreciation of their contribution in shaping the direction of education. Effective collaboration and a deep understanding of teacher involvement are expected to increase the holism of curriculum development, create more meaningful learning experiences for students, and improve the overall quality of education..

This research aims to develop comics based on a communicative approach. This research is included in the research and development (R&D) model. This research uses the ADDIE model. The ADDIE model is an abbreviation for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. This research has only reached the development stage. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 053977 Gohor Lama. The subjects in the research were 18 class III students, consisting of 12 female students and 6 male students. The object of research is comics based on a communicative approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and tests. Based on the research results, it is known that the validation results carried out by material experts were 93.78% with very feasible criteria. Meanwhile, the media expert's results were 90.20% with very feasible criteria. Based on the validation results, it can be concluded that comics based on a communicative approach are very suitable for use by class III students at SD Negeri 053977 Gohor Lama.  

Today's technology is experiencing very rapid development, technological development is not only in hardware but also in software. In the world of education also can not be separated from the use of technology. Formerly a teacher in teaching used the blackboard to explain learning material, with the development of technology today there are many kinds of learning media. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of cadets in the use of instructional media in Visual Cues courses. The benefits that can be obtained for lecturers can provide alternative learning media in conducting lectures. The results of this study are obtained a very good response from cadets because they have new experience in lectures on the Visual Signals course

This journal research aims to see the implementation of teacher perceptions in curriculum development. This research uses quantitative research by collecting structured data through measurement instruments such as questionnaires. From the results of observations through questionnaires or systematic observations regarding this curriculum change, first, this curriculum change has an effect on learning styles, for example, if previously teachers only relied on books and blackboards when teaching, now it is all digital and of course this also makes it easier for teachers to teach and makes it easier for students to receive material from the teacher and can also influence learning models or methods. Meanwhile, changes to the curriculum can improve the quality of education. With this curriculum change, there are also challenges faced by schools, one of which is that teachers need to be prepared to utilize technology effectively in the learning process and also how to implement it. So, in conclusion, this curriculum change is indeed important but must be adjusted to the curriculum and current developments. In accordance with research that the author observed, schools currently prefer the Independent Curriculum

In developing an independent curriculum in Indonesia, one of them cannot be separated from the role of philosophy of science, which in curriculum development is the spirit or foundation of education which must be evaluated, studied periodically, innovative and dynamic following changing times, such as the philosophical Ki Hajar Dewantara who stated that education is appropriate. the nature of nature and the nature of the times, meaning that education develops according to the times. Of course, all the changes and developments that occur in the educational curriculum cannot be separated from the results of several studies on how the implementation of this independent curriculum can overcome learning loss, the effects of the Covid pandemic plus the global challenges of change from era 4.0 to Society 5.0, which has the impact that today's generation needs. have the ability to think critically, creatively and innovatively. In the independent curriculum, it can be seen that the superiority of its characteristics is that the material is simpler and more in-depth and there is a significant reduction in material. The materials presented are limited to essential material. Reducing material provides an opportunity for students to explore the material more comprehensively. Next is more independence, which means that in an independent curriculum, students are given more freedom to choose the subjects they are interested in according to their interests, talents, potential and aspirations. Meanwhile, teachers can teach according to the stages of student achievement and development. So it is more relevant and interactive. Students are guided to be able to collaborate, work together to form groups to identify problems that are becoming issues to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students, namely faith and devotion to God Almighty and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. The essence of this independent curriculum is independent learning. This aims to enable students to explore their respective interests, potential and talents.