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Unauthorized communication interception constitutes a violation of privacy rights protected by the constitution and human rights principles. The development of digital technology has increased the potential for illegal interception of public communications and personal data. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for victims of illegal communication wiretapping and the effectiveness of Indonesian positive law in providing remedies for victims. The research employed a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results indicate that legal protection for victims of illegal wiretapping has been regulated under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law. However, the implementation of such protection still faces several challenges, particularly related to digital evidence, low public cybersecurity literacy, and the lack of optimal compensation mechanisms for victims. Existing legal protection remains more focused on punishing offenders rather than comprehensively restoring victims’ rights. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and strengthening of privacy protection mechanisms are necessary to ensure more effective legal protection for victims of illegal wiretapping.  

This study aims to find out the method of service of servants of God in the Indonesian Faithful Christian Church (GKSI) Hepzhibah Tangerang congregation in serving urban congregations for the blessing of marriage in the church. Pros and cons began to emerge about this service method. Is this in accordance with church rules and the Bible? Through this study, the researcher will explain the steps taken by GKSI Hepzhibah's servants of God in handling this ministry. The result is that the ministry is still within reasonable limits without violating the principles of the Bible or the GKSI Articles of Association or Bylaws. All members who have received this service feel joyful to be served by the church. They are no longer abandoned like sheep without a shepherd. They also actively attended Sunday worship after they received the marriage blessing service and became active members of GKSI Hepzhibah.

Community service activities to provide knowledge about MSME tax preparation and reporting training. this activity was carried out on May 3 2023. The method of activity is with presentation of material, discussion, training and evaluation. a series of community service activities as follows: the implementing team presented material on the Basic Principles of Imposing Final MSME Income Tax, tax incentives provided by the government to MSME actors, Calculation and Payment of MSME Final Income Tax, and Reporting of MSME Income Tax and Tax Sanctions. The result of this community service activity is that activity participants are capable of making and reporting MSME taxes

This research is intended to examine and analyze the implementation of the fulfillment of children's rights in dealing with the law in the assimilation process. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative type with a normative method approach. Data collection techniques are carried out using review literature originating from statutory regulations, official records or treatises related to the discussion of a law. In addition, data collection was also carried out from several previous studies. The results of the study show that the current implementation is already under way but not yet fully in accordance with the principles of child protection. In addition, the fulfillment of the assimilation right given to correctional students should prioritize the provision of assimilation in the form of educational activities outside the fostering institution. This is so that children can adapt to the school environment when they finish serving their sentence.    

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

The implementation of the ijon system by the community, especially farmers, has become a habit that has been passed down from generation to generation and has become entrenched in a number of areas, including Gorontalo. The 1945 Constitution, especially in Article 18B paragraph two (2) which reads that the State recognizes and respects customary law community units along with their traditional rights as long as they are still alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is regulated in law. Even so, buying and selling under the debt bondage system, in the eyes of the law, is strictly prohibited because in buying and selling the bonded bond system is very unclear because this is a form of extortion that can harm other people. The sale and purchase of the ijon system has also been confirmed in article 8 paragraph 3 of Law number 2 of 1960 concerning production sharing agreements, which reads: "payments by anyone, including owners and cultivators, to cultivators or owners in whatever form they have elements of ijon, are prohibited". The provisions used as the legal basis for the use of standard contracts in Indonesia are Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code which stipulates: "all agreements made legally apply as laws for those who make them" from the words all can be interpreted that every legal subject can make an agreement with any content, there is freedom of the legal subject to determine the form of the agreement. In other words, through the principle of freedom of contract, legal subjects have the freedom to make agreements, including opening opportunities for legal subjects to make new agreements that have not been regulated in the Civil Code so that they can follow the needs of society due to the times

This article aims to describe the concept of transformative leadership in organizations or companies. This article uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research method. The results of this article explain overall about transformational leadership which includes understanding, principles, styles, various factors, characteristics, steps, advantages and disadvantages of transformational leadership. The conclusion obtained in this article is that leadership with a new approach is an inevitable need in facing the demands of the times that are so fast. One of them is the need for a transformative leadership model that is able to develop the potential of themselves and their subordinates innovatively, empowering staff and organizations with changes in thinking, developing vision, understanding and understanding of organizational goals, and bringing the organization towardssustainable change.    

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Christian education related to the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers in the context of an independent curriculum. The main focus of this study is to introduce the basic concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy that are relevant to understanding the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers. This study also identifies the contribution of Christian educational philosophy to the development of an independent Christian curriculum. This study uses a descriptive analysis method to study the relevant concepts and principles of Christian education philosophy. Various theoretical sources, such as Christian educational philosophy literature and the Bible, are used to support the analysis. This research reveals that the vision and mission of Christian religious education teachers emphasize the recognition of God's divinity, love as the main principle, the integration of faith and knowledge, the formation of Christian character, and the spiritual dimension of education. In implementing their vision and mission, Christian religious education teachers can use content selection that supports Christian values, integrated teaching strategies, and relevant assessments. In this way, they can create learning experiences that reflect their vision and mission and help students develop strong Christian character.

Islamic education has various methods that are used to facilitate achieving learning objectives, this research uses library research research methods from data that already existed before, the principles of educational methods are 4 principles of religion, biology, psychological foundation yesterday sociological Islamic education method has several characteristics that emphasize exemplary values, educational methods in the Koran namely story and lecture methods methods of question and answer discussion and dialogue, awareness methods, methods of giving rewards and punishments, exemplary methods and in the hadith namely exemplary methods, methods of gentleness or compassion , deductive method, parable method, figurative method, question and answer method, repetition method, experimental method, problem solving method, discussion method, praise method, punishment method.

Identity politics is a political tactic in which people or groups organize themselves based on certain traits such as religion, culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, or even hobbies. This can happen due to discrimination or injustice in society that makes the person or group feel the need to form a similar group for support and protection. In the context of society, identity politics can appear in various forms such as feminist movements, anti-racism movements, or LGBT movements. However, we must also beware of the dangers of identity politics that can divide society and create conflicts between different groups. The basis of Christian belief also teaches us to live in peace and harmony with fellow human beings. We are taught to forgive and give others a second chance. In the context of identity politics, these values and principles can help us build inclusive and peaceful societies where every individual feels valued and accepted.

Law is a tool for regulating people's lives with a coercive nature and requires people to follow existing rules. The law is made for the benefit of the people and contains the norms of life as a guide in society. Death penalty is a punishment with the most severe sanction scale for perpetrators of extraordinary crimes such as narcotics, premeditated murder, terrorism, and crimes against state security. However, the application of death penalty in Indonesia is controversial because it violates Human Rights (HAM) and the right to life guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution Article 28A paragraph (1). Even though there is an update in the latest Criminal Code (KUHP) which regulates probation for 10 years, pros and cons still occur in the application of death penalty. Various views on capital punishment exist, in which some consider human rights and the principles of justice. However, the death penalty must be applied carefully and pay attention to human rights.

In an effort to create fulfillment of rights and special protection for children, the Convention On The Right Of The Child aims to encourage international cooperation among countries that have ratified the Convention On The Right Of The Child to improve a decent life for children, especially in developing countries. -developing countries and provide full protection for children to avoid crimes that can endanger their lives such as commercial sexual exploitation.     The type of research used in this study is normative legal research, which is a type of legal research to find a rule of law, legal principles, or legal doctrines to answer the legal issues at hand. This research will describe to what extent the written positive laws are synchronous or in harmony with each other. Article 34 of the convention on the right of the child is the basis of international law regarding commercial sexual exploitation, in which it emphasizes that participating countries must strive to be able to provide protection to children, so as to avoid all forms of sexual exploitation, Indonesia as a country that has ratified the convention on the right of the child has attempted to develop national legal instruments to provide protection for children to avoid the dangers of sexual violence, but legal instruments have not been able to accommodate the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children, because there is still a lack of definition and cannot explain forms of commercial sexual exploitation in instruments existing laws.  

Measurable character education can have an effect on students to grow into better individuals, resulting from constructive feedback through the teacher's exemplary. As a motivator the teacher can move students with their own awareness and responsibility so that they are willing to learn. Islamic education must be able to move the character of students according to the example of Rasulullah SAW. Islam, especially Islamic education, is seen as a binder and guide to the true path, so that the culture that arises will be able to provide benefits, not only to himself, but also to others. To find out the implementation of Islamic education on students' character building, this research uses a qualitative approach. The research method used is a case study using in-depth interviews with school principals, Islamic education teachers and several students of SMK Genius Bandung.  Direct observation and document analysis as data collection techniques, triangulation of sources and methods are used to test the authenticity of the data obtained. The result of this study shows that Islamic education is not only limited to academic assessment, spiritual development, understanding of moral values, and adherence to Islamic principles, in addition it is also important to consider aspects of students' attitudes, morals, and behavior towards each other and their environment which is in accordance with the goals of student character education. Based on the research it is concluded that Islamic education as an independent research variable has a very strong positive relationship with the students' character  building that means it has a very large influence on the students' character building. Therefore, a holistic and integrated evaluation will provide a clear picture that is more comprehensive about Islamic education in the students' character building at SMK Genius Bandung.

At this time, management has become one of the most important parts of daily life activities. Islam as a religion provides a deep ethical and moral framework, which can provide guidelines for the implementation of effective and fair management. According to George R. Terry, 1958 in his book Principles of Management (Organizing), Actuating (Implementation) and Controlling (Supervision). In achieving a goal, both in an organization and in a business, a management is needed which is carried out according to George R. Terry which is correlated based on an Islamic perspective with the aim of this research so that new values ​​emerge in managing and managing an organization or business so that it has a positive impact and efficiency in maintaining and running an organization or business based on an Islamic perspective. This research method uses qualitative research where this research is based on the literature of various literary books and scientific journals that strengthen the discussion of this research. The results of the research objective correlate with George R. Terry's model of leadership principles based on an Islamic perspective, with the hope of creating new values ​​in good leadership management based on Islamic Sharia, because in essence Islam brings people to the right path. follow the rules and stay away from the prohibitions of Allah SWT.

Spiritual education is an important aspect of a child's holistic development, which involves understanding religious values, beliefs, and practices. Parents play a crucial role in shaping and facilitating the spiritual education of their children. This abstract discusses the important role of parents in supporting and promoting children's spiritual education, as well as the implications for children's development. This study was conducted through a literature review and analysis of previous research. The results showed that parents act as role models and role models for their children. They can provide spiritual education by teaching moral values, involving children in religious activities, and providing an understanding of family religious beliefs and practices. In addition, open and deep communication between parents and children also plays an important role in spiritual education. Discussions about beliefs, values, and spiritual questions can help children understand and internalize spiritual principles. The role of parents in children's spiritual education has a significant impact on children's development. Children who get good spiritual education tend to have a better understanding of moral values, a sense of empathy, and a sense of connectedness with others. They also have a higher tendency to develop a positive attitude towards life, are able to overcome challenges, and have better psychological well-being.

Muslims establish a close relationship with Allah through prayer and dhikr, while being aware of their dependence and humility. They are grateful for the blessings and sustenance that Allah has given them, and try to eliminate tyranny and inequality. This belief is based on personal experiences and inner beliefs that reinforce their sense of connection to something greater. These moral and ethical principles guide their behavior, including respecting the views and beliefs of others. While an individual's personal beliefs may change from time to time, it is important to respect everyone's right to have their own views and beliefs. Muslims acknowledge Allah's power in creating and governing life. Despite evil, belief in God persists. Religious diversity is seen as a factor that can strengthen tolerance between people, as long as there is mutual respect. It is important to respect different religious beliefs and build positive relationships with individuals who have different religious beliefs through the holy Qur'an. The resource person also emphasized the importance of an attitude that is in harmony with faith. understand and respect the beliefs and religious views of others, while maintaining personal beliefs and maintaining good relations in society.

The Ministry of Education and Culture in 2022 presents challenges in the education sector. The problem was solved by the government by making the Freedom to Learn Program policy. The purpose of this study: to analyze the time allocation and the theme of the choice of implementation of the P5 independent curriculum and to analyze the principles, benefits, design implementation and management strategy of the P5 independent curriculum at SD Marsudirini Gedangan, Semarang. The method is qualitative with a case study approach, research data uses primary data, data collection techniques by observation, observation, recording observations, and structured interviews, data validity techniques by triangulation of data sources. The findings are that the independent learning curriculum is quite fun and does not make it difficult for teachers and students at SD Marsudirini Gedangan. Uncertainty was felt when the teachers did not know the process for implementing the main harvest in December 2022 and there was no BOS allocation fund to support project implementation. The implication of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of a fun independent learning curriculum, so that in the 2023/2024 academic year schools are increasingly ready to implement the full learning independent curriculum

The Ministry of Education and Culture in 2022 presents challenges in the education sector. The problem was solved by the government by making the Freedom to Learn Program policy. The purpose of this study: to analyze the time allocation and the theme of the choice of implementation of the P5 independent curriculum and to analyze the principles, benefits, design implementation and management strategy of the P5 independent curriculum at SD Marsudirini Gedangan, Semarang. The method is qualitative with a case study approach, research data uses primary data, data collection techniques by observation, observation, recording observations, and structured interviews, data validity techniques by triangulation of data sources. The findings are that the independent learning curriculum is quite fun and does not make it difficult for teachers and students at SD Marsudirini Gedangan. Uncertainty was felt when the teachers did not know the process for implementing the main harvest in December 2022 and there was no BOS allocation fund to support project implementation. The implication of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of a fun independent learning curriculum, so that in the 2023/2024 academic year schools are increasingly ready to implement the full learning independent curriculum

A justice collaborator are suspect, defendants or convicts but work together with law enforcement officials to provide information in uncovering criminal acts that have occurred. The aim of the research is to analyze the legal protection of justice collaborators in terms of Law 31/2014. This study uses normative legal research methods with qualitative data. The results of the study show that (1) Legal protection for justice collaborators in terms of Law Number 31 of 2014 explained in article 5 that law enforcement officials have the obligation to provide protection and assistance to justice collaborator from legal entities so that they feel safe from threats which will come. (2) Legal protection for justice collaborators in terms of five basic principles or commonly called Maqashid Asy-Syariah which can be concluded that Islam highly upholds the protection of human rights, which in this case is legal protection for justice collaborators who have important services in helping officials Law enforcers uncover a crime.

Presidential elections are carried out with activities called elections or general elections. Election activities are carried out once every five years by adhering to the principles of direct, public, free, confidential, honest and fair. But in reality, there are unpleasant activities when election activities are about to take place, one of which is bribery. This study aims to describe election activities in Indonesia as well as bribery activities in them and are related to Islamic views. This study uses a literacy study method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that there are causes, reasons and impacts when someone commits an act of bribery. In the view of Islam, bribery is an activity that is not justified because this activity is an act of consuming wealth incorrectly and vanity. From this case several solutions are needed to reduce bribery in Indonesia.