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Marriage is a sacred vocation that signifies a profound commitment between husband and wife, rooted in love and faith. Many couples, however, lack the emotional and mental readiness to navigate marital challenges. This study examines the impact of Pre-Marriage Catechesis (KPP) on the emotional and mental readiness of Catholic couples in the Holy Spirit Cathedral Parish, Denpasar. Using a pretest- posttest experimental design, data were collected from 89 participants (44 males, 45 females) in November 2024, utilizing the Sukoon Marriage Readiness Scale. Before KPP, participants were categorized as "Highly Ready for Marriage" (20%, 18 individuals), "Moderately Ready" (50%, 45 individuals), and "Not Ready" (30%, 26 individuals). After completing KPP, the "Highly Ready" group increased to 65% (58 individuals), "Moderately Ready" remained at 30% (27 individuals), and "Not Ready" decreased to 5% (4 individuals). Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between KPP and readiness (r = 0.842, p = 0.000). Gender had no significant effect (p > 0.05), indicating KPP's universal applicability. The study concludes that KPP significantly enhances couples' readiness for marriage, contributing 98.7% to their emotional and mental preparedness. Recommendations include adapting KPP modules to address modern couples’ needs and increase program efficacy.

This study examines the roots of the source of debate and differences of opinion about the reality of patriarchal family relationship patterns that dichotomize the roles of men (husbands) and women (wives) in the household, where the husband is the head of the family (public) and the wife is the housewife (domestic). The purpose of the study was to determine gender equality in modern family households in the application of the married couple environment (young brides and grooms, This research method uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type., The results of the study in the form of a dichotomous family relationship pattern, resulting in injustice and gender inequality. This condition certainly requires the construction of a relationship pattern based on justice and gender equality, so that a gender partnership is realized towards a harmonious family. The construction of a gender relationship pattern that is just and gender equal, is realized if there is cooperation and equal and fair division of roles between husband and wife, which refers to the planning and implementation of family resource management, so that family members have a division of roles in various activities (domestic, public, and community).

Nowadays, women do a lot of housework, reflecting a major shift in gender roles. In the past, women were more focused on family duties in patriarchal societies. However, today women also contribute to the professional world, often becoming the backbone of the family. The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the role of women who work hard in the family to meet family needs. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore feminist theories and related literature that discuss the role of women in the family. The results of the study show that the role of women in the family has now developed into more than just a housewife; they also function as double workers who contribute to the family economy, both in the formal and informal sectors. Although involved in financial decision-making and earning a living, women often face challenges in balancing careers and household responsibilities, which can cause stress and fatigue. Therefore, it is important to have fairness in the division of tasks so that women can focus on their careers without being burdened by domestic responsibilities, while also being a role model for future generations in teaching the values ​​of gender equality and the importance of collaboration in the family.

Racism and gender bias are two major barriers affecting the growth and business opportunities for entrepreneurs in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Indonesia. Despite the significant contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia’s economy, women entrepreneurs and those from minority ethnic groups often face challenges in accessing financing, business networks, and broader markets. This article examines the direct and indirect impacts of racial discrimination and gender bias on MSME entrepreneurs, while identifying strategies that can be implemented to create a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through a literature review and secondary data analysis, this study finds that women entrepreneurs in Indonesia access only 10% of the total loans given to MSMEs, while male entrepreneurs access over 70%. It is recommended that government policies strengthen support for women and minority entrepreneurs through more inclusive financing policies, as well as providing more open mentorship programs and business networks for marginalized groups. By reducing racial discrimination and gender bias, it is hoped that the MSME sector can grow more evenly and sustainably, thereby enhancing Indonesia’s economic competitiveness

This study aims to describe the visual thinking of high school students in understanding three-dimensional problems. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Two students with medium and high mathematical skills of the female gender were selected as research subjects. Data was collected by giving three-dimensional problem-solving tasks according to Polya's steps and interviews. Students' visual thinking is described based on seeing, recognizing, imagining, and showing. The results of the study show that at the comprehension stage, students with medium and high mathematical skills do looking and seeing, recognizing and imagining at the planning stage, and showing the steps to implement the problem-solving plan appropriately but in a different way, students with medium ability use more concise steps and vice versa for high-ability students; At the re-examination stage, the two subjects showed (showing) the conclusion of the solution solution, but did not show (showing) re-checking.

A form of lung infection known as ventilator-associated pneumonia affects patients in hospitals who are on mechanical ventilators. Usually, it influences the cause of rising rates of disease and mortality. Hospital stays for patients with ventilator-acquired pneumonia are longer, and their mortality rate might reach 20–30%. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nurses' knowledge concerning preventing of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care units of Al-Nasiriya City hospitals. Descriptive study was conducted through the present investigation from 31st March, 2020 to 30th of September, 2020. Eighty nurses chosen purposive from intensive care units at AL-Hussein Teaching hospital and Al-Nasiriyah Heart Center. Including (44) females and (36) males. To measure the variables, the researcher constructed a questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: demographic information as well as nurses' knowledge about how to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. A panel of specialists determined the validity. The data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the participants were having poor knowledge about prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. Non-significant correlation between socio-demographic variables (age, gender, marital status, qualification of nurses, working shift, years of experience in ICU as well as working place) and nurses' Knowledge regarding prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. New nurses working in ICU should participate in a training program to increase their knowledge of how to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Periodically evaluating as well as for training ICU nurses to increase their understanding of evidence-based practices and nursing interventions for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention.

Currently, there are many cases of unclear child identity status, such as for adopted children. The importance of a birth certificate issued immediately after delivery is to provide the authentic identity details of the child, which are vital for establishing the child’s origin. Some key points regarding adopted children are that adoption does not sever the biological relationship between the child and their birth parents. An adopted child has the same rights as a biological child, such as having a birth certificate and being included in the Family Card. However, an adopted child does not inherit from their adoptive parents unless specified by a will or a mandatory will. Medical personnel are required to issue a birth certificate that reflects the actual circumstances, as this will impact the child's rights in the future. A birth certificate contains information such as the date, time, and place of birth, gender, weight, and the names of the parents. According to Law No. 35 of 2014, Article (1), an individual's identity must be established at birth, and Article (2) states that the identity is documented in a birth certificate. The state, government, society, family, and parents are all obligated to ensure the protection of children, as they are physically and psychologically vulnerable, immature, and still in need of protection.

The reporting system is the presentation of data in the form of the results of activities in an organization as well as data from research results which are arranged systematically, so that it is easier to understand and easier to analyze and draw conclusions from an activity. The method in this research uses secondary data observation. The aim of this study was to determine the 10 most common diseases in outpatient and inpatient care (based on gender and age characteristics) at the Regional General Hospital, dr. Fauziah Bireun, This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population and sample in this study are medical record recap data from January to December using total sampling. The results of the study showed that the highest number of diseases, namely Urolithiasis cases, had 314 outpatients, while the highest number of inpatients was Cerebral Infarction, there were 425 patients. There were 1,866 inpatients, based on the age range of 45-64 years, there were 1,042 outpatients and 958 inpatients. It is hoped that future researchers will carry out further research on the factors that cause health problems and health problems in patients with the highest cases of disease.

Background: Nutrition in primary school-aged children is an important issue that can affect their growth and development. In addition to undernutrition, the nutrition transition in Indonesia shows an increasing prevalence of overnutrition, including overweight and obesity, which is of increasing concern. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of children aged 7-13 years at SD 8 Baruga and SD 1 Poasia, Kendari City, and analyze the distribution of nutritional status by gender and age group. Methods: This study used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through measurements of height (TB), weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) on 50 students, consisting of 22 boys and 28 girls. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents (68%) had normal nutritional status, while the prevalence of undernutrition was 2%, overweight 18%, and obesity 12%. Based on gender, overnutrition and obesity were more prevalent among girls (32.1%) than boys (22.7%). In terms of age group, overnutrition and obesity were most prevalent in the 9-12 years age group. Conclusion: The high prevalence of overnutrition shows an alarming, although the prevalence of undernutrition is lower than the average for Southeast Sulawesi.

This study conducts an exploratory data analysis combined with machine learning techniques to identify early signs of student depression. We investigated various factors affecting mental health among students, including sleep duration, dietary patterns, history of suicidal thoughts, family history of mental illness, and their relationships with depression across age groups and academic pressure. The study also examined the influence of gender on academic stress levels. Three machine learning models such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) were utilized to predict depression. The performance of these models was evaluated, achieving accuracy rates of 84.97% for Random Forest, 84.85% for SVM, and 81.16% for KNN. The findings highlight the effectiveness of these models in predicting student depression and underscore the importance of targeted mental health interventions based on key factors influencing mental health among students.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

The determination of human skeletons and fragments has significant value from both a legal and humanitarian perspective, which generally includes the evaluation of teeth, bones, fingerprints, and genetic material. However, fingerprinting and DNA methods are not without their limitations. Sex determination is an important first step in biological profiling, which plays a role in victim matching. Research on sex identification using T12 vertebrae with Geometric Morphometric (GM) techniques is still relatively rare. The GM technique deeply explores the dimensions and shape of objects. This study used an analytic observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach, involving 100 CT scan samples from Dr. Kariadi Hospital. Gender was used as the independent variable, while size (centroid size) and shape (principal component) were the dependent variables. The results of independent t-test and Mann-Whitney analysis showed a significant difference in T12 vertebra size between men and women (p = 0.000), but not in shape (p = 0.439). Based on the GM technique, it was revealed that the difference in T12 vertebrae between men and women was in size, not shape.

Back ground: Autosomal genetic diseases throughout North America are propagated by CF, which is seen in 1 out of 2000 Caucasians. This sickness can in most cases be undetected and is nongendered with a global impact and targets all ages. By the impaired mucocilliary clearance in the trachea and bronchi, and the inability to maintain innate defenses, acute and recurrent bacterial infections, airways obstruction and inflammation and chronic bacterial infections are aggravated. Aim of study: The study aims to isolate and identify bacterial species related to respiratory fibrosis and to do the susceptibility test to those species. Methodology: The study was carried out between January-July 2024, 80 cystic fibrosis patients admitted in Mirjan hospital, 50 came outpatients clinic and 30 found sleeping in the hospital (Eighteen in the respiratory lobbies and 12 in the intensive care unit (ICU)), patient age range between 20-80 years old, and include both gender, 28 females and 52 male.es). By using sterile labeled machines every patient provide sputum that was transported to laboratory directly after collection and stored in 4 C temperatures until culture. All samples of sputum were cultivated for twenty-four hours at 37 degrees Celsius in an incubator utilizing MAConkey and Blood agars. Thereafter, samples were streaked unto several selective and differential media where bacterial colonies matured to reveal their biochemical characteristic after 24hrs of incubation. Results: The current study's results indicated that age has an impact on microbial CF infection. Of the 80 total patients, 9 sample in the age group of 20–30 years had a percentage of 11.25%, while 11 patients in the age group of 31–40 years had a percentage of 13.75%, 16 patients in the age group of 41–50 years had a percentage of 16.25%, and 17 patients in the age group of 51–60 years had a percentage of 21.25%. The current study confirmed that infection rates increase with age. In terms of gender, the study show that males are more likely than females to get infections. with 52 males in the (65%) percentage and 28 females in the (35%), Ten patients are in the 71–80 age range, and twenty patients are in the 61–70 age group. Conclusion: The kind of bacterial strain, the patient's immunological condition, and the usage of contaminated medical equipments are some of the factors that affect transmission. During treatment, all CF patients colonized or infected with the primary pathogens discussed in this article must be kept in a single room to prevent nosocomial dissemination of the microorganism to other patients. Despite the intricacy of the epidemiology of bacterial infections in CF patients, the average lifespan of these individuals continues to increase.

This study aims to analyze the role of gender in increasing family economic income in Lopo Village. The research method used is a qualitative approach with the research population being families in the village. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques, and data was collected through interviews and observations as well as data from documentation. The research location is located in Lopo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency. The results of the study show that the traditional division of roles between men and women affects access to economic resources, where men play the role of the main breadwinner. Although women have a significant contribution to the management of family finances, their participation in formal economic activities is still limited. This study concludes that women's empowerment through education and employment opportunities can improve family economic welfare. The recommendations given are the need for policies that support women's involvement in economic activities to achieve a better gender balance.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

Toxoplasma gondi is a pervasive parasite that causes a variety of diseases both in humans and animals, it infects the neural cells of the central nervous system. There have been previous reports linking this infection with Autism. Autism is a combination of complex neurodevelopmental disorders leading to alteration in social communication. This study was done to detect the frequency of seropositive Toxoplasmosis in Autistic children attending psychiatric units in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk governorate-Iraq. This case-control study was done on 40 Autistic children (30 male, 10 female) with an average age of 5.4±6 years and 40 healthy children (8 male, 32 female) with the same age range (6.1±2) year, from April 2018- January 2020. Sample collection was done by obtaining four ml of blood from all study group children for the detection of both IgM and IgG Toxoplasma gondi antibodies using the ELISA technique. Chi-square and paired T-tests were used for data analysis. The IgM serology for both Autistic and control children was negative while there was just one positive result of T.gondi IgG in Autistic Children and two positive results in normal children which made the result insignificant( X2=0.45, p-value>0.05). Regarding gender, there was no significant difference in detecting positive results between boys and girls of the study groups (X2=0.45 p value> 0.05). The study also demonstrated that Autistic Parents were statistically older than healthy children of the same age. We couldn't uncover any connection between ASD and toxoplasmosis. The age of parents & family history has a significant impact on the development of ASD.

This study was conducted at the Thalassemia Center of Azadi Educational Hospital, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Iraq, from June 1, 2024, to October 1, 2024. The study sample included 75 individuals, both males and females, aged between 4 and 67 years, divided into two groups: the first group comprised 50 thalassemia patients, while the control group included 25 healthy individuals. The results indicated a significant effect of thalassemia on the studied variables, as the disease led to increased levels of white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total iron-binding capacity, malondialdehyde, iron concentration, and lipoxygenase enzyme, recording values of 10.9 × 103 cells/mL, 25.36%, 321.84 µg/dL, 721.12 mmol/L, 2788.9 ng/dL, and 226.2 IU/L, respectively. In contrast, thalassemia reduced hemoglobin levels to 8.57 g/L. The gender category significantly affected both malondialdehyde and iron concentrations, while the age category significantly impacted white blood cell levels, total iron-binding capacity, serum iron, and lipoxygenase enzyme. Among the interactions, the most influential factor was found in the group of female patients over 30 years old, who recorded the highest significant concentrations of white blood cells and malondialdehyde, reaching 12.26 × 103 cells/mL and 1090 mmol/L. Conversely, female patients under 15 years showed the highest significant averages for the percentage of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and iron concentration, at 28% and 3270 ng/dL, respectively. Meanwhile, female patients aged 15-30 years exhibited the highest significant concentrations for total iron-binding capacity and lipoxygenase enzyme, at 361.8 µg/dL and 234 IU/L, respectively. Male patients aged 15-30 years recorded the lowest significant hemoglobin concentration, which was 7.33 g/L.

This article examines the role of coastal women in sustainable development, focusing on the challenges and opportunities they encounter. Women in coastal areas significantly contribute to fisheries, marine product processing, and environmental conservation. However, they often face various obstacles, including exclusion from decision-making processes and unequal resource access. A gender-based approach is used to explore how empowerment can be achieved through capacity building, enhanced access to technology and capital, and livelihood diversification. Additionally, strengthening social networks and local institutions proves essential for supporting active female participation. Inclusive and gender-sensitive public policies are key to creating an environment that fosters women's empowerment. Through these measures, the empowerment of coastal women is expected to enhance their contributions to sustainable development, strengthen community resilience, and support more sustainable natural resource management.