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Stable temperature regulation is essential in various industries to maintain product quality and energy efficiency. This study analyzed the water temperature regulation system using PID control through MATLAB simulation and the actual implementation using Thermocontrol and PT100 sensors. In the simulation, the PID control parameters used were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 240, and Kd = 60, while the tuning results in the actual implementation were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 0.5, and Kd = 1.2. The simulation results showed that the system could reach the setpoint faster (±330 seconds), but with a high overshoot (±20.8°C). In contrast, the actual implementation shows more stable performance, with a much lower overshoot (±0.8°C) and a time to the setpoint of about ±345 seconds. These differences in performance can be influenced by environmental factors and the physical characteristics of real systems that are not fully reflected in the simulation. Although the simulation provides faster results, the actual implementation is more adaptive to changing conditions and better able to maintain temperature stability. This research can provide important insights into the development of more effective and reliable temperature control systems for industrial applications, as well as demonstrate the importance of proper tuning in PID control systems to achieve optimal performance.

Capacity-building training for housekeeping staff in hotels and restaurants is a crucial aspect of maintaining service quality and enhancing customer satisfaction. Competent housekeeping personnel not only ensure physical cleanliness but also directly impact the reputation, image, and competitiveness of businesses in the hospitality and restaurant sectors. This community service program aims to develop the capacity of housekeeping staff through focused training on mastering cleaning techniques, effective waste management, and the proper and safe use of cleaning tools and materials. The training methodology is conducted directly using a participatory approach, allowing participants to actively engage in practical simulations, discussions, and case studies related to cleaning procedures, operational standards, and waste handling. Evaluation is conducted using pre-test and post-test assessments to measure improvements in participants’ knowledge, skills, and understanding of good cleaning practices. Results demonstrate significant improvements in mastering cleaning techniques, understanding waste management, and the ability to use cleaning tools and materials correctly. Additionally, participants reported increased awareness of the importance of consistently maintaining cleanliness standards, which is expected to be applied in daily workplace activities. The contribution of this community service provides tangible benefits in enhancing human resource quality in the hotel and restaurant sectors while supporting the achievement of professional, hygienic, and environmentally friendly service standards. This training is expected to serve as a sustainable model for the continuous development of housekeeping staff competencies in the broader hospitality and tourism industry.

A cooperative is an economic institution founded on the principles of solidarity and mutual cooperation with the primary objective of improving the welfare of its members. However, low cooperative literacy, particularly in rural areas, remains a major obstacle in optimizing the role of cooperatives as community-based economic institutions. In response to this challenge, a Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata/KKN) was conducted in Pulau Harapan Village to provide fundamental knowledge about cooperatives and foster residents’ interest in establishing a community-driven economic organization. The program was implemented in late July 2025 using a participatory approach through three stages: material preparation, interactive socialization with membership and savings-loan simulations, and activity evaluation. A total of 62 participants—including village officials, women farmer groups, MSME actors, and local traders—were actively involved in the program. The results of the activities indicated a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of cooperative benefits. This was reflected in their enthusiastic engagement during discussions as well as the emergence of community initiatives to establish a village cooperative. As a follow-up, plans for an official founding meeting and continuous mentoring have been scheduled. Through these efforts, the cooperative is expected to grow into a sustainable pillar of the local economy

Research on stock splits has been widely conducted in Indonesia and internationally, as stock splits are considered an important corporate action that can influence investor perception and stock performance. However, the motivations and consequences of stock splits remain diverse, ranging from efforts to increase stock liquidity, adjust market price ranges, attract new investors, or signal positive corporate prospects. This study aims to empirically reanalyze the effect of stock splits on trading volume and stock prices of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2022–2024 period. Specifically, the research investigates whether significant differences exist between trading activities and stock price levels before and after the stock split event. The data used in this study are historical in nature, consisting of stock split announcements, daily trading volume, and stock price movements surrounding the event period. To test the hypotheses, this research employs both the paired-sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as statistical tools. These tests are appropriate because they allow for the comparison of two related samples, namely the stock performance indicators before and after the split. The selection between the two methods depends on the distribution of the data, where the paired t-test is used if the data is normally distributed, while the Wilcoxon test is applied if the normality assumption is not met. This study is categorized as moderate TKT (Technology Readiness Level 4–6) because it uses secondary historical data and focuses on empirical statistical analysis rather than experimental or simulation-based approaches. By examining stock split events within the specified period, this research contributes to the understanding of whether stock splits in Indonesia are primarily cosmetic in nature or if they generate real economic impacts on liquidity and stock valuation. The findings are expected to provide useful insights for investors, market analysts, and policymakers in assessing the relevance and effectiveness of stock splits as a corporate strategy.

Clean water distribution in the Community-Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in Kuwasen Lama Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, faces the challenge of unequal supply between highland and lowland areas. The main factors that affect these conditions include differences in topography, suboptimal piping network design, and unbalanced water pressure, especially during peak hours. This research proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology using the ESP32 module as a control center, which is integrated with the Blynk application for real-time monitoring and control of the system. The system is equipped with a water flow sensor, water level sensor, motorized valve, and booster pump to increase water pressure in high elevation areas. Two design schemes were tested, namely flow regulation using a motorized valve, and a combination of a motorized valve with a booster pump. The results of the simulation and implementation showed an increase in water pressure stability, equitable distribution, and a decrease in the frequency of supply disruptions. The system also allows for live monitoring of network conditions, facilitates technical decision-making, and improves operational efficiency. With an adaptive and community participation-based approach, this solution has the potential to become a model for PAMSIMAS clean water distribution management that is efficient, sustainable, and responsive to geographical challenges, while strengthening the resilience of clean water services in rural areas.

The increase in traffic volume in urban areas often triggers various problems, especially at Road intersection points that have a high level of interaction between vehicles. One of the locations that experience these problems is the intersection with the island of traffic without signal on Jl. Tebu-Jl. Tabrani Ahmad, City Of Pontianak. This study aims to analyze the performance of the intersection in the existing condition and project its performance in the next five years (2030), as well as formulate alternative treatment that can improve the smoothness of traffic. The analysis method refers to Indonesian road capacity guidelines (PKJI) 2023 and modeling using software PTV VISSIM. The data collected include intersection geometry, traffic volume, and vehicle speed. Traffic volumes were obtained through CCTV recordings for three consecutive days, then processed and presented in the form of tables and graphs for easy interpretation. The results of the existing condition analysis showed that the degree of saturation (DS) reached 0.407 with an average delay of 9.539 seconds (Level of Service/LOS B) based on PKJI, while VISSIM simulation resulted in a delay of 12.54 seconds (LOS B). The five-year projection (2030) shows an increase in DS to 0.878 with a delay of 15.177 seconds (LOS C) from PKJI, and 23.35 seconds (LOS C) from VISSIM, which indicates a decrease in Junction performance as traffic grows. Two handling alternatives were analyzed, namely the construction of roundabouts and the implementation of traffic flow management. VISSIM simulation shows that the roundabout can reduce the delay to 14.31 seconds with a queue length of 20.34 m (LOS B), while the flow management produces a delay of 11.81 seconds with a queue of 13.14 m (LOS B). This result confirms that both alternatives are able to improve the performance of the intersection compared to the projected condition without handling, so that it can be a technical recommendation for urban traffic planning in Pontianak.

Anemia in pregnant women remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, including in Bukittinggi City. According to the Bukittinggi Health Office report in 2022, the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women reached 42%. This condition increases the risk of pregnancy complications such as bleeding, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and even maternal and infant mortality. Families play an essential role in supporting pregnant women, particularly in ensuring compliance with iron tablet consumption and providing nutritious food. This community service program aimed to improve family knowledge of anemia prevention through participatory health education. The methods included problem identification, focus group discussions, interactive education, simulation of nutritious meal planning, and accompaniment by community health cadres. The results showed a 35% increase in family knowledge based on pre- and post-test results. Furthermore, positive behavioral changes were observed, such as improved compliance with iron tablet consumption and the establishment of family support groups for pregnant women as new social institutions. This program demonstrated that participatory family-based education is effective in increasing knowledge and fostering social transformation for anemia prevention.

This study aims to compare the results of student living cost estimates over a four-year study period using two approaches in financial mathematics, namely the discrete model and the continuous model. The background of the study is based on the need for students to manage their personal finances effectively amidst rising living costs due to inflation. The discrete model is used to predict expenses at certain time intervals, while the continuous model assumes that changes in the value of money occur continuously at all times. This study uses a quantitative descriptive-comparative method with controlled simulations on 100 student data with variations in monthly living costs between Rp2,000,000–Rp4,000,000 and a random inflation rate of 0%–20%. The data were analyzed using discrete and continuous growth formulas, then a Paired Sample t-Test was performed to determine significant differences between the two models. The results show that both models produce very similar living cost estimates with an average difference of only about 1–3% of the total four-year costs. The continuous model produces slightly higher results than the discrete model due to its exponential and continuous nature of calculations. However, the statistical test results showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two. Practically, both approaches can be used equally in student financial planning, with the discrete model being more appropriate for short-term projections and the continuous model being more appropriate for long-term projections.

This study aims to examine the use of amortization schedules and the repayment fund approach in Public Housing Credit. By applying quantitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this study simulates a mortgage with a credit ceiling of Rp163,800,000, a tenor of 15 years, and an interest rate of 5.65% for the first to fifth year and 13% for the sixth to fifteenth year. The results of the simulation show that without any additional strategies, the total interest to be paid reaches Rp138,887,134.14, which is almost equivalent to the total principal loan. However, by using a sinking fund strategy through regular savings of Rp1,000,000 every month (with an interest rate of 0.25% per month) for 5 years, the collected funds are Rp64,444,800 which significantly reduces the remaining principal loan. As a result, the total interest is reduced to Rp87,864,324.85, which means there is a savings of Rp51. 022. 809.29. Furthermore, this strategy has the potential to shorten repayment time. In conclusion, sinking funds are an effective approach to reducing interest burden and accelerating the repayment of Public Housing Loans.

This community service activity was implemented using a service learning approach through a business planning and public communication training program for the Merah Putih Village Cooperative in Huta Baringin. The background to this activity stems from the need for cooperative members to increase their capacity in designing sustainable business plans and effective public communication skills in conveying the cooperative's vision, mission, and programs to the community. The implementation method was carried out through the stages of needs identification, formulation of training materials, simulation practices, and intensive mentoring. The results of the activity showed an increase in cooperative members' understanding in developing business plans based on local potential and improved public communication skills, both within the organizational context and externally to strategic partners. This program not only strengthens the cooperative's independence but also demonstrates the relevance of the service learning model in connecting the roles of academics, students, and the community collaboratively. Thus, this training contributes to local economic empowerment and strengthening institutional communication capacity at the village level.

Copyright protection is a crucial aspect in providing legal recognition and guarantees for intellectual property. However, understanding of copyright among educators and students remains limited, potentially leading to violations and a lack of appreciation for copyrighted works. This situation highlights the urgent need for comprehensive education in educational settings, particularly at MA Tijarotal Lantabur. This community service activity aims to improve teachers' and students' understanding of the concept of copyright, the benefits of registration, administrative procedures, and the legal protection provided by the state. Furthermore, this activity is expected to foster awareness of respect for intellectual property and encourage independent copyright registration initiatives. The methods used were interactive lectures, group discussions, and online copyright registration simulations through the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI) system. The material was delivered in simple and applicable language to ensure participants' understanding. Evaluation was conducted by comparing participants' understanding before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of copyright concepts and procedures. Participants not only understood the benefits of legal protection for intellectual property but were also able to practice the registration steps independently. Furthermore, a collective awareness emerged to disseminate the acquired knowledge to colleagues and the school environment. Overall, this activity succeeded in increasing legal literacy regarding copyright among teachers and students, and is expected to be able to form a culture of respect for intellectual works while minimizing copyright violations in the educational environment.

Efficient management of patient queues is essential in healthcare systems to ensure timely care, optimize resource utilization, and enhance patient satisfaction. Mathematical programming, particularly when applied in conjunction with queuing theory and optimization models, provides a rigorous framework for analyzing and improving healthcare service delivery. This approach involves modeling arrivals and service processes, applying queuing models (such as single-server, multi-server, and priority queues), and formulating optimization objectives—often to minimize total costs, patient waiting times, or resource idling. Recent research demonstrates that combining queuing theory with mixed-integer programming and simulation techniques enables healthcare managers to allocate resources dynamically, set staffing levels, and assign priorities among different patient categories. For example, the use of mixed-integer programming can determine the optimal number of servers, beds, and service rates based on patient flow and priority needs, striking a balance between reducing waiting times for critical cases and controlling operational costs. These mathematical models also account for practical constraints and stochastic variability inherent in clinical settings. Applications span emergency departments, outpatient clinics, and even pharmacy and blood service centers—showing significant improvements in system efficiency, reduced patient wait times, and enhanced overall care quality. Thus, mathematical programming is a powerful decision-support tool for queue management, offering evidence-based strategies to address congestion and resource allocation challenges in complex healthcare environments.

Reservoir heterogeneity has long been recognized as a critical factor influencing the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Among the techniques applied, cyclic waterflooding is considered one of the promising approaches due to its relatively simple operational design and potential to improve sweep efficiency. This method involves alternating water injection in specific cycles to mobilize trapped oil and redistribute reservoir pressure. However, the variation in geological properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation creates challenges in achieving uniform displacement, especially in reservoirs with high heterogeneity. Understanding the role of heterogeneity is therefore crucial for optimizing cyclic waterflooding applications. This study applies a literature review approach by synthesizing findings from previous experimental and field studies that evaluated cyclic waterflooding under different reservoir conditions. The analysis compares the performance of cyclic water injection periods across reservoirs characterized by varying levels of heterogeneity. Parameters such as injection rate, water breakthrough time, and oil recovery factor were considered in evaluating the effectiveness of this method. The results highlight that reservoirs with high heterogeneity often experience uneven fluid distribution, leading to early water breakthrough and reduced oil recovery. In contrast, reservoirs with relatively low heterogeneity tend to respond better to cyclic waterflooding, resulting in improved sweep efficiency and higher incremental recovery. Moreover, the optimization of cycle timing and water injection intervals appears to significantly mitigate the negative effects of heterogeneity. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that reservoir heterogeneity plays a decisive role in determining the success of cyclic waterflooding. Tailoring injection strategies based on geological variability is essential to maximize recovery efficiency. Future research should focus on integrating advanced reservoir characterization techniques with adaptive cyclic flooding models to further enhance oil production outcomes.

This study examines the relationship between material mastery and draping practice outcomes among students in the Family Welfare Vocational Education (PVKK) Fashion Design Study Program at PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya. Draping, as a technique for making patterns directly on a mannequin or the human body, is an important course in fashion design synchronization. This technique allows students to develop creativity, understand the proportions, shapes, and volumes of fabric, and produce unique works that suit the curves of the body. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data from 60 student respondents from the 2021 and 2022 intakes through questionnaires and documentation. The variables studied were draping material mastery (independent variable) and draping practice outcomes (dependent variable). The analysis results showed a significant and positive relationship between material mastery and draping practice outcomes. The better the material mastery, the better the students' draping practice outcomes. This emphasizes that a strong theoretical understanding is an important foundation for practical skills, and learning theory and practice must be balanced to optimally improve the quality of student work. These findings have important implications for curriculum development and learning methods in the PVKK Fashion Design Study Program. To support the achievement of optimal practical results, teaching strategies are needed that integrate theory and practice in a more interactive and applicable way. For example, the use of video tutorial-based learning media, digital draping simulations, or project-based learning can strengthen students' understanding while improving their technical skills. Furthermore, increasing the intensity of practice with direct feedback from lecturers has also proven effective in accelerating technical mastery. With a holistic and adaptive learning approach, vocational education institutions can produce graduates who are not only technically competent but also competent.

The Unnoni Weaving Center is a community-led, small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development center for traditional weaving. Despite its significant potential, many entrepreneurs in this center face challenges in determining appropriate product prices. They typically rely solely on intuition or follow market prices without considering all production cost components, resulting in very small profit margins and even the risk of incurring losses. In response to these challenges, this community service program was designed to improve the ability of SMEs to determine more rational, measurable, and profitable selling prices through comprehensive and applicable training in production cost calculations. The methods employed included outreach, workshops, intensive mentoring, and hands-on simulations on pricing based on real costs and reasonable margins. The program was conducted in two sessions at the Unnoni Weaving Center Hall, involving 25 local weaving entrepreneurs. The results showed significant improvement, with participants' understanding of identifying production cost components increasing by 76%, while approximately 80% successfully conducted simulations for determining selling prices, taking into account raw materials, labor, overhead costs, and profit margins. The tangible impact of this activity is seen in increased business literacy, more systematic calculation skills, and the confidence of SMEs in determining prices and negotiating with consumers and business partners. Furthermore, this activity is expected to be a starting point for the implementation of a simple financial recording system, increased operational efficiency, and the development of a branding strategy for Unnoni woven products so they can compete more professionally, sustainably, and with high competitiveness in both local and global markets.

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, or maggots, are a type of insect currently widely cultivated, primarily for animal feed. This is because BSF larvae contain essential nutrients such as fat and protein in high amounts, thus improving the nutritional quality of livestock that consume them. Therefore, the processing and preservation of maggots is crucial to maintain their nutritional content and extend their shelf life. One method used in maggot processing is drying. Drying aims to reduce the water content in the larvae, thereby preventing the growth of microorganisms that cause spoilage. One widely applied technique is drying using a microwave oven. However, before the actual process is carried out, simulations are often required to determine the distribution of heat and humidity. Simulation is one of the most effective ways to predict the drying performance of biological materials. This study used a simulation using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method operated by Comsol Multiphysics 6.2 software. The parameters used in the simulation were an initial maggot temperature of 80°C, a drying time of 15 minutes, and a heat source of 1300 W/m³. Based on the simulation results, the final water content of the maggots was below 10%. Furthermore, the final relative humidity of the maggots ranged from 10–35%, while the final temperature of the larvae increased to 93–97°C. These results indicate that microwave drying can effectively reduce moisture content while maintaining the nutritional quality of BSF larvae. These simulation results can be used as a basis for practical maggot drying processes, thus supporting the production of efficient and nutritious animal feed.  

This study discusses the influence of parenting patterns on children's social development in Maukeli Village, Mauponggo District, Nagekeo Regency. Community service activities in the form of socialization carried out on May 14, 2025 aimed to increase the understanding of mothers and the community regarding the importance of healthy and positive parenting patterns in supporting the growth and formation of children's character. The methods used include lectures, discussions, simulations, evaluations, and feedback, involving mothers and children as participants. The results of the activity show that the parenting patterns applied in Maukeli Village are still diverse, so this socialization provides knowledge and practical skills in child care that can shape children's character and emotional development optimally. This activity emphasizes the importance of the active role of mothers as primary caregivers and collaboration between the village government, health workers, and the community in creating a conducive family environment for child development. With ongoing assistance, it is hoped that children in Maukeli Village can grow into independent, responsible, and highly competitive individuals.

The phenomenon of online gambling and human trafficking crimes that afflict children is a serious problem in Papua, especially among teenagers who are vulnerable to falling into it due to a lack of understanding of the law and weak social control. The lack of access to correct information and low legal literacy make them more easily influenced by irresponsible parties. Therefore, this community service aims to provide practical legal education through the establishment of an Anti-Online Gambling and Trafficking in Persons Law Clinic to students of Al Ihsan Yapis Kotaraja Junior High School. The service method is carried out in a participatory manner by actively involving students in various activities. Activities include interactive legal counseling delivered in simple language, discussions about real cases relevant to the daily lives of teenagers, and simulations of handling legal problems. With this approach, participants not only gain theoretical knowledge, but also practical experience in recognizing and dealing with legal problems that they have the potential to face in the surrounding environment. The results of the service showed an increase in participants' understanding of the legal consequences of online gambling and child trafficking. In addition, students demonstrate a higher critical awareness of the risks that may occur, as well as skills in recognizing signs of suspicious behavior that lead to criminal acts.

Personal financial management is an essential skill that needs to be instilled from adolescence to foster healthy and responsible financial behavior. Teenagers are often faced with situations where they must make decisions regarding money, but a lack of understanding and education about finances often leads to consumptive behavior, wastefulness, and a lack of ability to save. However, poor financial habits developed early on can carry over into adulthood and impact a person's future financial situation. Through a Community Service activity conducted by lecturers from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya (FEB UWKS) at SMA Negeri 2 Mojokerto, students were provided with education on accounting-based personal financial management. The material presented covered basic accounting principles, the importance of recording income and expenses, and how to prepare a personal financial budget. The activity methods included counseling, financial recording simulations, budget preparation, and interactive discussions, designed to encourage active participation and practical understanding. The results of the activity showed that students experienced a significant increase in understanding of the importance of financial literacy. They were also able to prepare a simple budget based on needs and priorities using a basic accounting approach. Thus, this activity is expected to make a real contribution to shaping the character, responsibility, and financial independence of the younger generation. Furthermore, similar activities can be extended to other schools to raise financial literacy awareness among students more broadly and sustainably. Furthermore, the involvement of teachers and school administrators in supporting this financial literacy program is also a crucial factor in maintaining students' desire to understand. With synergy between academics, schools, and students, financial education can become an integral part of the learning process, focusing not only on theory but also on practical application in everyday life.

The development of digital technology has provided many conveniences, especially in terms of access to information, communication, and financial services. However, behind these benefits there are great risks, one of which is the misuse of personal data that is rampant through the practice of illegal online loans (pinjol). This phenomenon is a serious threat to society, especially students, who are often targeted due to the lack of digital literacy and lack of awareness about the importance of personal data protection. Illegal loans not only cause financial losses, but also have an impact on psychological and social pressure. This Community Service activity was carried out at STISIPOL Silas Papare Jayapura with the main goal of providing legal and practical education regarding personal data protection as well as preventing illegal loan trapping. Activity methods include interactive legal counseling, group discussions, and case study simulations tailored to student experience. With a participatory approach, participants are encouraged to actively ask, analyze, and find solutions to problems they may face. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in student knowledge about the basic concept of data security, signs of illegal loans, and preventive measures that can be taken. Participants also showed a higher critical awareness of the importance of maintaining the confidentiality of personal information, including the wise use of digital media. In addition, case study simulations are able to strengthen students' practical skills in identifying potential risks and strategies to deal with the threat of illegal lending in their surrounding environment.