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Street lighting is very important as a road facility at night, especially in rural areas. Sumbersawit Village, Sidorejo District, Magetan Regency has a problem of lack of adequate lighting system around village roads and public areas. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to overcome this problem. One way is to hold community service in Sumbersawit Village through LDR sensor implementation activities in developing automatic lights for energy efficiency. This activity is carried out through five main stages, which include: (1) survey and identification of needs, (2) system design and manufacture, (3) socialization and education, (4) installation of automatic lighting system, and (5) evaluation and follow-up. This community service activity was welcomed by the village apparatus and the Sumbersawit village community, so that the activity can run smoothly.

The TCS3200 color sensor demonstrates limited accuracy under certain environmental conditions, particularly in relation to the distance between the sensor and the object, as well as the surrounding lighting. This study aims to investigate the effects of distance variation (0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm) and lighting conditions (bright and dark) on color detection using the TCS3200 sensor integrated with an Arduino microcontroller. An experimental method was employed, with color data converted into the CIELAB color space and analyzed using Delta E as the deviation indicator. The results indicate that the most accurate color readings occur at a distance of 0 cm, where the sensor receives maximum reflected light. Furthermore, measurements taken under dark conditions exhibit more consistent results compared to those under bright lighting, which tends to introduce optical interference. It can be concluded that the TCS3200 sensor performs best at close range and under controlled lighting conditions to ensure accurate and reliable color detection.

Robusta coffee is one of Indonesia's leading commodities with high economic value. The flavor quality of coffee is greatly influenced by post-harvest processes, particularly drying methods and roasting temperatures. This study aims to determine the effects of two drying methods—Viss Dryer and Mason Dryer—and three roasting temperatures (190°C, 197°C, and 200°C) on the flavor profile of robusta coffee at PTPN I Regional 5 Kebun Malangsari. The evaluation was conducted through cupping tests by trained and untrained panelists. Parameters assessed included aroma, flavor, aftertaste, salt/acid, mouthfeel, and balance. The results showed that roasting temperature significantly affected aroma and flavor, with 200°C yielding the highest scores across panelist groups. Drying methods had a more limited effect; trained panelists preferred coffee dried with the Mason Dryer, whereas untrained panelists favored coffee dried with the Viss Dryer. Other parameters such as aftertaste, salt/acid, mouthfeel, and balance showed no significant differences among treatments. The optimal combination, based on trained panelists’ evaluations, was achieved using the Mason Dryer with a roasting temperature of 200°C. These findings underscore the importance of precise roasting temperature control in enhancing the sensory quality of robusta coffee and reveal how panelist experience levels can influence sensory preferences for drying methods. The results provide practical insights for post-harvest coffee processing to improve product quality and competitiveness in both national and international markets.

This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.  

Background: Cervical Root Syndrome (CRS), Cervical Radiculopathy, or Irritating Compression Brought on by the Invertebral Discnue Can All Induce Sensory or Motor Loss. In the instance of cervical root syndrome, this study attendes to ascertain the benefits of myofacial release, free active exercise, neck calliet exercise, stretching, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens). Method: Patients with Cervical Root Syndrome at Dr. Hospital Sardjito Yogyakarta are the subjects of this case study. Pain, Muscle Weakness, Restricted Range of Motion, and diminished functional activity are the issues that patients face. Findings: Assessment of visual pain Analog scale (VAS) reveals that pain in the NECK region of silent pain decreases from 6 to 4 pain Decreased pressure from 7 to 5, pain decreases from 8 to 6 and in the shoulder region there is a change in pain decreases from 6 to 4 pain decreases from 7 to 6, pain movement decreases from 8 to 6. extension, lateral flexion (D), lateral flexion (s), rotation (D), rotation (s) muscle strength there is no change with the value of MMT 3+ and in the shoulder region there are changes in each movement (extension flexion, adduction, abduction, internal rotation of external rotation rotation) NECK extension-flexion movement, which changes from S: 35 ° -0-20 ° to S: 45 ° -0-25 °, and rotation movement (D)-Rotation (s), where R: 70 ° -0-60 ° to R: 80 ° -0-70 °, in the Shoulder region extension-flexion, which changes from S: 25 ° -0-80 ° 45 ° -0-130 °, and abduction-adduction movement, where f: 90 ° -0-70 ° to F: 160 ° -0-50 ° Functional activity measured by the NECK Disability Index (NDI) shows an increase from the value of 40% decreased to 38%. Conclusion.

Vehicles in Indonesia are an important part of moving people or goods from one place to the destination, one of which is the transportation of boxed goods. However, the lack of security for boxed goods transport vehicles has always been the target of burglary of goods cargo in the area of Jalan Perniagaan Barat Roa Malaka Tambora, West Jakarta, perpetrators of goods theft from boxed goods cars that are traveling. Therefore, it is necessary to have a security system that can notify the driver when the back door of the vehicle is broken into, namely a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram this tool is able to detect the movement of the thief and evidence will be sent via Telegram. The research method used in this research is research adopting the ADDIE model R&D method, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (assessment) of the reference model (ADDIE). In implementing the design of a Security Detection Tool on Iot-Based Goods Transport Vehicles Using Telegram Using the Esp32 Cam Microcontroller, MCU Node, and PIR sensors. Based on the Security Detection Tool, the transportation of box goods works well. Using the PIR Sensor, which is tested and applied directly to the vehicle. The tool is capable of sending telegrams in the form of messages, locations, and photos of the break-in.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a common methodology used to develop information systems. The purpose of this study is to determine system development between the Waterfall and Rapid Application Development (RAD) models The advantage of using the waterfall method is that the quality of the resulting system will be good because the implementation is carried out in stages. The disadvantage of using the waterfall method is that the system development process takes a long time. The advantage of using the RAD Model method is that the integration of sensors/other applications can be processed faster and more effectively. The disadvantage of using the RAD method is the limitations of payment gateways, and chat bots.

This study examines technological innovation in environmental policy in Pelalawan Regency, Riau, a region known for its abundant forest resources but facing serious environmental pressures due to forest degradation, land fires, and industrial pollution. The primary objective of this research is to identify policy innovations that can enhance environmental management and support sustainable development that harmonizes economic and ecological aspects. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the implementation of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality sensors and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has improved the effectiveness of environmental management. However, challenges such as limited human resource capacity, uneven technological infrastructure, and bureaucratic resistance continue to hinder innovation implementation. This study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, revitalizing the licensing system, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration as strategic steps toward improved environmental governance. With an inclusive and sustainable approach, Pelalawan Regency has the potential to become a model for sustainable development in Indonesia.

Stunting remains one of the major nutritional problems in Indonesia. According to the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of stunting in Papua Province reached 16.8%. A child’s nutritional status is strongly influenced by dietary intake, particularly protein, which plays a crucial role in growth. One potential source of animal protein is Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), a type of fish commonly found in Papua. Indian mackerel is rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids but is highly perishable, limiting its shelf life. To address this issue, the fish is processed into flour. Additionally, green spinach is used as a source of fiber and minerals, although it is also prone to spoilage. The spinach is processed by extracting its juice, which is then incorporated into noodle products. Dried noodles were chosen as a medium for fortification because they are widely consumed across age groups and often used as a substitute for rice.This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Indian mackerel flour and green spinach extract on the chemical properties and sensory acceptance of dried noodles. The research methods included nutritional content analysis and organoleptic testing. The sensory evaluation was conducted by 25 semi-trained panelists who were nutrition science students

One of the practical foods that can fulfill nutritional needs is flakes. Flakes that available on the market are generally made from wheat and corn. The nutritional value of corn flour-based flakes can be enhanced by combining them with other ingredients that have a relatively high protein content. One such food ingredient with a high protein content is mung beans. The development of flakes products using mung bean flour is expected to be one of the way to optimize the use of local legumes in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to obtain the best formulation of corn flour and mung bean flour in terms of the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the flakes. This study uses a randomized block design with 4 treatment levels, which are the formulation ratios of corn flour to mung bean flour (60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25), with each treatment repeated 6 times. The observation parameters include physicochemical characteristics such as protein, water and ash content, while sensory characteristics include aroma, taste, crispiness, color, and overall preference. The best treatment is determined by the de Garmo effectiveness index. The results of the study show that the 65% corn flour and 35% mung bean flour formulation is the best treatment based on the effectiveness index test with a score of 0.77, with physicochemical characteristics of 2.717% moisture content, 3.026% ash content, and 6.891% protein content, as well as sensory characteristics of color 4.2 (more liked), aroma 3.93 (liked), crispiness 4.26 (more liked), taste 4.23 (more liked), and overall preference 4.2 (more liked).

Background: Research of glucose detection is important in diabetes management and biosensor development. Taking into account the large amount of water retention, the biocompatibility of hydrogels makes them ideal candidates for glucose detection. The PBA groups, when grafted to hydrogel matrices, improve the glucose-related response of the hydrogels significantly. Objective: To create a novel PBA (phenylboronic acid) holographic glucose sensor, MAAm-co-4VPBA, for uninterrupted monitoring of blood glucose levels, which demonstrates the first successful glucose measurement in whole blood using PBA sensors. Methods: Methylacrylamide (MAAm) was copolymerized with 4-vinyl phenyl boronic acid (4-VPBA) by means of free radical polymerization employing 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDODA) as a crosslinker and the photoinitiator 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone. The responsive glucose behavior of the resulting polymer was characterized in terms of swelling dynamics, ex vivo flow tests, and error grid analysis mechanisms. Results: The MAAm-co-4VPBA polymer exhibits reversible glucose binding via PBA-diol interactions that allow complexation at different pH and concentration levels. Modulation of the responsive elements of the microcapsules by hydrophobic PBA and hydrophilic MAAm units yields maximum swelling and shrinking dynamics at 37 trail degrees. The sensor successfully detected glucose in opaque biological fluids, blood plasma, without any interference from antibiotics or other therapeutics or endogenous compounds. Ex vivo tests showed real-time glucose monitoring without hysteresis. Most importantly, this work is the first to report the use of PBA-based sensors in whole blood for measuring glucose. Conclusion: The MAAm-co-4VPBA holographic sensor possesses outstanding features such as accurate records and strong resistance to chemicals and slow response to detection, confirming its effectiveness in continuous glucose monitoring. Moreover, the ability to operate in the real world enables the aid in clinical diagnosis of diabetes.

Learning is a process carried out by teachers with their students. In the field, it often occurs rigidly in its implementation and is Teacher Centered so that students are less active in learning activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of the Quantum Learning model on students' critical thinking skills in Class XI IPA 1 MA-Al-Kausar Banjar on the subject of the sensory system. The research time was April 13, 2025. The method used in this study was quasi-experimental. With data collection techniques through pretest and posttest with students with a sample size of 20 people. Based on the results of data analysis using the Z test, it was obtained that Zhitung = 3 and Z Tabel = 2.33, then Zhitung> Z Tabel, meaning that the impact of implementing the Quantum Learning learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills on the Sensory System material by 0.74 (high category).

Soil moisture is a crucial factor in agriculture that affects plant growth and crop productivity. In modern agricultural systems, accurate soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing water usage and enhancing the efficiency of automatic irrigation systems. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitoring system and evaluate the performance of three types of soil moisture sensors: Soil Moisture FC-28, Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor, and Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor. The evaluation compares the accuracy and effectiveness of each sensor in measuring soil moisture. The research methodology involves measuring soil moisture in ten different soil samples using the three sensors simultaneously. The system is based on the ESP32 microcontroller, where data from the sensors are processed and displayed on an LCD Liquid Crystal I2C 20x4. Data analysis is conducted using the one-way ANOVA statistical method to determine whether there are significant differences among the measurement results of the three sensors.The results indicate that each sensor exhibits different measurement characteristics based on its working principle. The Soil Moisture FC-28 sensor, which operates on resistance, shows high sensitivity to changes in soil moisture but is susceptible to corrosion. The Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor is more durable as it does not have direct contact with the soil, yet it requires more precise calibration. Meanwhile, the Soil Moisture Hygrometer Module Sensor provides more stable results under various environmental conditions. The one-way ANOVA analysis reveals no significant differences in the measurement results among the three sensors.

The foundations of Western epistemology are profoundly rooted in ancient Greek philosophy. Throughout its historical development, this epistemological tradition has been shaped by rational, secular, and value-neutral modes of thought. It has given rise to dominant paradigms such as rationalism, empiricism, critical philosophy, and intuitionism. While these paradigms differ in their methodologies and approaches to acquiring knowledge, they are all grounded in a shared philosophical outlook that prioritizes human reason and sensory experience. This study investigates the core aspects of Western epistemology, including its historical evolution, defining traits, inherent limitations, and adverse effects. The research adopts a qualitative method based on literature review and philosophical analysis, employing a systematic and reflective approach. Data were gathered from library sources and examined using various analytical tools, including interpretation, induction and deduction, coherence analysis, holistic reasoning, heuristics, and descriptive analysis. The study concludes that Western epistemology is characterized by an overreliance on rational and empirical methods, a dichotomous worldview, anthropocentrism, resistance to spiritual insight, perpetual doubt, secularism, and a dismissal of sacred values. These traits give rise to fundamental weaknesses such as extreme rationalism, a fragmented view of truth and reality, secularist ideology, and the elevation of humanism and existentialism as ultimate values. The impact of Western epistemology extends beyond the West, influencing Islamic intellectual traditions by encouraging secularization, liberalism, and the advancement of scientific disciplines that exclude recognition of divine authority.

Ciramahilir Village in Purwakarta Regency faces a serious problem due to the lack of street lighting, which negatively impacts the safety, comfort, and socio-economic activities of the community. This community service program aimed to improve the quality of life for residents by installing solar-powered street lights at strategic locations within the village. The approach used was Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving the community actively in every stage of the program—from problem identification and planning to implementation and evaluation. The results show that the street lighting intervention had a positive impact on residents' sense of security, increased night-time activities, and strengthened collective awareness to maintain public infrastructure. Additionally, technical training and assistance enhanced the community's capacity to sustain the installed systems. This activity also demonstrated that appropriate renewable energy technology can serve as an effective tool for promoting sustainable social change in rural areas.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of fish brain-brain products using milkfish surimi (Chanos chanos.Forskal) as the base ingredient, with variations in fillers such as tapioca flour, egg white, and Eucheuma cottonii seaweed.  Three formulations were used: (F1) surimi + tapioca starch, (F2) surimi + egg white, and (F3) surimi + Euchema cottonii seaweed. Proximate analyses were conducted to determine the moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content. The results showed that the addition of various fillers had a significant effect (P>0.05) on the value of protein, carbohydrate and water in the brain. While for fat and ash content, there was no significant effect (P<0.05). The average water content ranged from 66.5% to 72%, with the lowest content in the brain-brain added with tapioca flour. The highest protein content was obtained in the P2 treatment (egg white), which was 18.9%, while the treatment with the addition of tapioca flour showed the lowest protein content of 12.8%. Sensory value using Kruskal waliss treatment that gets a high average value is the aroma, taste, and texture of the addition of egg white fillers, while the texture is with the addition of Euschema cottonii seaweed fillers. Egg white significantly increased the protein content. The best formulation based on nutritional content and panellists' liking value was F2 (Surimi + Egg white). This study shows the potential for the development of milkfish-based processed products that are highly nutritious and functional..

The advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has significantly transformed traditional homes into intelligent living environments. This study presents the implementation of a smart home automation system utilizing IoT components to control and monitor household devices remotely. The system integrates NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontrollers, sensors (temperature, motion, light), and actuators (relays for lights, fans, and appliances) which are connected through a Wi-Fi network. A mobile application is developed to enable real-time control and monitoring, enhancing user convenience, energy efficiency, and home security. The system also includes automated scenarios such as turning off lights when no motion is detected or adjusting ventilation based on temperature. Testing results show that the system responds within an average delay of less than 1.5 seconds and maintains stable performance across various network conditions. The findings confirm that IoT-based home automation offers a scalable, cost-effective solution to improve the quality of life and resource management. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and intelligent home systems for modern living.

Maintaining optimal temperature in server rooms is critical to ensure the reliability and longevity of IT equipment. Overheating can lead to system failure, data loss, and increased maintenance costs. This study presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based temperature monitoring application tailored for server room environments. The system utilizes a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor connected to an ESP32 microcontroller, which transmits real-time data to a cloud-based dashboard via Wi-Fi. The data is visualized through a web interface that allows administrators to monitor room conditions remotely and receive alerts when temperature thresholds are exceeded. The application was tested in a simulated server room environment over a two-week period. Results demonstrated stable performance with accurate temperature readings and reliable alert delivery. The system's scalability, low cost, and ease of deployment make it a practical solution for data centers, schools, or small businesses. This IoT-based approach offers an efficient and automated method to enhance server room monitoring and improve response time in managing thermal risks.

Di Kota Pasuruan Ikan medai dan udang yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, terutama dalam menghasilkan produk pangan bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi ikan medai dan udang sebagai bahan baku penyedap rasa alami. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pembuatan bubuk penyedap rasa berbahan ikan medai dan udang kemudian dilakukan analisis sensori untuk mengetahui penerimaan penyedap rasa berbahan ikan medai dan udang. Atribut sesnsori yang diuji meliputi rasa, aroma, warna, dan overall. Analisis data pada uji hedonik dianalisis menggunakan software statistik SPSS Statistic 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk atribut rasa yang paling disukai panelis ialah berturut-turut dari sampel yang berbahan dasar udang, kombinasi ikan-udang, dan penyedap rasa berbahan dasar ikan medai dengan nilai 3.25;3.02 dan 2.78, warna bubuk penyedap rasa yang paling disukai panelis ialah berturut-turut dari sampel yang berbahan dasar udang, kombinasi ikan-udang, dan penyedap rasa berbahan dasar ikan  medai dengan nilai 3.25; 2.93; dan 2.80. Sedangkan untuk atribut aroma, yang paling disukai panelis ialah penyedap rasa berbahan ikan medai dan udang, selanjutnya penyedap rasa berbahan udang dan nilai terendah ialah penyedap rasa berbahan ikan medai dengan nilai berturut-turut 3.12;2.83; dan 2.62. Penerimaan secara keseluruhan adalah pada penyedap rasa berbahan udang, kombinasi ikan medai dan udang dan yang terakhir ikan medai dengan nilai berturut-turut 3.38, 3.13 dan 2.90.

The common issue faced by newborn babies is their difficulty in regulating body temperature with their environment. This often leads to hypothermia, which is a significant cause of mortality in newborns. Therefore, biomedical equipment that can regulate temperature in the newborn environment is crucial. In the design and development research of an Infant Warmer Temperature Control System using the PID method, key components include the Atmega328P microcontroller, a Skin Sensor for monitoring baby body temperature, and an SSR driver circuit for heater control. The PID control method utilizes feedback mechanisms to correct errors between measured values and their deviations.To ascertain accuracy, functional testing was conducted using an Incubator Analyzer. The comparison between the skin sensor and the Incubator Analyzer showed minimal differences, with the largest difference being 0.15℃ and the smallest 0.01℃. It can be concluded that the skin sensor readings are accurate within tolerance limits. The maximum error percentage of the device was 0.2%, while the minimum error percentage was 0%. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the PID method Infant Warmer temperature control system designed functions effectively, manages overshoot well, and maintains stability.